04 drawing
•Download as PPT, PDF•
6 likes•1,880 views
This document discusses different types of technical drawings used in materials technology. It covers topics such as using different pencils for lighter and darker lines in drawings, including measurements and scales to allow objects to be reproduced accurately. Orthographic projections show all views of an object, including elevations, plans and end views. Sections are used to show cut views and internal details clearly. Pictorial drawings like isometric drawings represent 3D objects in 2D and include techniques for constructing dimension lines. Worksheets are provided as examples for practice adding dimensions to drawings.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
03 sketching
This chapter discusses sketching techniques for technical drawings. It recommends using light lines first to establish proportions before adding heavier lines. It covers sketching in 2D and 3D, including using parallel lines, grids, and light boxes to help show curves and proportions. Shading, texture, color and worksheets are also presented to enhance sketches. The goal is to produce fair sketches, not perfect renderings, to effectively communicate ideas.
Principles and elements of design
The document discusses principles and elements of design for computer graphics and design. The principles covered are balance, proximity/unity, alignment, repetition, contrast, and white space. The elements discussed are line, shape, form/mass, texture, and color. Principles guide how elements are arranged and applied in a design to effectively convey the intended message. Elements are the basic objects used in a design.
Double page spread instructions
After choosing a layout, the author split an A3 page in half and added paint splatters across both sides. On the right side, the author added three filled rectangles in different colors and adjusted properties to make the edges shine. Additional elements like images, text copied from a Word document, page numbers, and a quote were included to complete the double page spread design.
Double page spread instructions
After choosing an A3 layout and splitting the page in half using a rectangle vector aligned to the grid, the creator added paint splatters across the page and rectangular vectors in different colors on the right page half. Text from a word document including an interview and introduction were added along with images, page numbers, and extra images to complete the double page spread as a final product.
owlHowTo
The document describes the process of creating a caricature owl mascot for a local library. An initial sketch is drawn by hand and then traced multiple times in paper and pencil to refine the features and proportions. The artwork is then scanned and placed into Adobe Illustrator, where it is traced using the pen tool to create a vector-based drawing. Individual shapes are selected, colored, and details are added to create depth before finalizing the lines to complete the scalable vector artwork.
Representation technology school
A sketch is a basic drawing using a pencil and paper with possible measurements. A plan is a more technical drawing made to scale using rulers or computers that must follow conventions and include annotations of all dimensions. Annotations indicate dimension lines, auxiliary dimension lines, dimensions, and symbols according to rules. Drawings can represent an object from different views like the front, overhead, and side views to aid understanding, with the dimensions of each view corresponding to dimensions of the actual object when using the appropriate scale like reduced, actual, or enlarged.
Elements of dsign
The document discusses the elements of design which are the basic building blocks used in composition. It identifies the key elements as line, shape, color, texture, and typography. Line can be used to organize information, connect pieces, and direct the eye. Shape is divided into basic, geometric, natural, and abstracted forms. Color can attract attention and elicit emotions. Texture provides feeling and realness while typography is the design and use of typefaces in communication.
Final competency projects_josh beames
This document provides a series of graphic design exercises focusing on principles like line studies, contrasting compositions, typography, color schemes, cropping photographs, and layout. Some key tasks include developing five line studies with varying spacing, creating two compositions based on design principles like organic/geometric, and designing a seasonal color collage incorporating a word related to the theme. The exercises are meant to help students apply concepts such as visual hierarchy, composition, and leading the viewer's eye through dynamic designs.
Recommended
03 sketching
This chapter discusses sketching techniques for technical drawings. It recommends using light lines first to establish proportions before adding heavier lines. It covers sketching in 2D and 3D, including using parallel lines, grids, and light boxes to help show curves and proportions. Shading, texture, color and worksheets are also presented to enhance sketches. The goal is to produce fair sketches, not perfect renderings, to effectively communicate ideas.
Principles and elements of design
The document discusses principles and elements of design for computer graphics and design. The principles covered are balance, proximity/unity, alignment, repetition, contrast, and white space. The elements discussed are line, shape, form/mass, texture, and color. Principles guide how elements are arranged and applied in a design to effectively convey the intended message. Elements are the basic objects used in a design.
Double page spread instructions
After choosing a layout, the author split an A3 page in half and added paint splatters across both sides. On the right side, the author added three filled rectangles in different colors and adjusted properties to make the edges shine. Additional elements like images, text copied from a Word document, page numbers, and a quote were included to complete the double page spread design.
Double page spread instructions
After choosing an A3 layout and splitting the page in half using a rectangle vector aligned to the grid, the creator added paint splatters across the page and rectangular vectors in different colors on the right page half. Text from a word document including an interview and introduction were added along with images, page numbers, and extra images to complete the double page spread as a final product.
owlHowTo
The document describes the process of creating a caricature owl mascot for a local library. An initial sketch is drawn by hand and then traced multiple times in paper and pencil to refine the features and proportions. The artwork is then scanned and placed into Adobe Illustrator, where it is traced using the pen tool to create a vector-based drawing. Individual shapes are selected, colored, and details are added to create depth before finalizing the lines to complete the scalable vector artwork.
Representation technology school
A sketch is a basic drawing using a pencil and paper with possible measurements. A plan is a more technical drawing made to scale using rulers or computers that must follow conventions and include annotations of all dimensions. Annotations indicate dimension lines, auxiliary dimension lines, dimensions, and symbols according to rules. Drawings can represent an object from different views like the front, overhead, and side views to aid understanding, with the dimensions of each view corresponding to dimensions of the actual object when using the appropriate scale like reduced, actual, or enlarged.
Elements of dsign
The document discusses the elements of design which are the basic building blocks used in composition. It identifies the key elements as line, shape, color, texture, and typography. Line can be used to organize information, connect pieces, and direct the eye. Shape is divided into basic, geometric, natural, and abstracted forms. Color can attract attention and elicit emotions. Texture provides feeling and realness while typography is the design and use of typefaces in communication.
Final competency projects_josh beames
This document provides a series of graphic design exercises focusing on principles like line studies, contrasting compositions, typography, color schemes, cropping photographs, and layout. Some key tasks include developing five line studies with varying spacing, creating two compositions based on design principles like organic/geometric, and designing a seasonal color collage incorporating a word related to the theme. The exercises are meant to help students apply concepts such as visual hierarchy, composition, and leading the viewer's eye through dynamic designs.
Graph , puppet ,chart and model
Methods and media of health promotion education, Difference between charts and graphs.
#public health #model #graph #puppet #chart #model #healtheducation #healthpromotion
Project 2 brief
This document provides instructions for Project 2 of the Introduction to Drawing course. Students are required to:
1. Sketch and take measurements of two objects with at least three different geometric surfaces. This will be submitted on May 28th.
2. Use the measurements and drawing conventions references to generate a set of architectural drawings for each object including one plan, two elevations, two sections, and one detail drawing. These must be submitted on June 11th.
3. The drawings must have a title block with details, subtitles, annotations, and an appropriate scale. Notes must be included to visualize the 3D objects. Proper lettering and completeness is required.
4. Students should bring drawing tools
Isometric Drawing
An isometric drawing is a 3D representation of an object on a 2D surface where the axes are foreshortened equally so there is no distortion. It allows visualization of depth like a perspective drawing. Isometric drawings are useful for designers to visualize rooms and products. They use a 30 degree angle because at 30 degrees all three axes are foreshortened proportionally, avoiding distortion. Tools used include a T-square, ruler, pencil, 30/60 triangle, eraser and drawing paper.
Contrast in Designs
A presentation on "Contrast in Designs." This was for a class project for Digital Design Essentials on "Presentation of Design Tips."
Different types of graphs
This document provides information about different types of graphs used to display data: circle graphs (pie charts) show portions of a whole, bar graphs allow for comparisons using vertical or horizontal bars of equal width, pictographs use pictures/symbols to represent data with a key, broken line graphs join data points with line segments to show trends over time, continuous line graphs have meaning for all points between plotted data points, and scatter plots graph sets of points. Sample questions demonstrate using a bar graph to group student marks into intervals and creating a line graph to compare the average monthly temperatures of two towns over eight months.
Scales
The document discusses scales used in technical drawings to represent objects that are too large or too small to draw at their actual dimensions. It defines scale as the ratio between the dimensions of an object in a drawing compared to the actual object. Different types of scales are used - reduced scales make drawings smaller, actual scales are the same size, and enlarged scales make drawings bigger. Examples are provided of calculating scales based on given dimensions. The key steps to working with scales are also outlined.
Assignment 2 Brief (ITD)
1. This document provides instructions for Project 2 of the Introduction to Drawing course.
2. Students are required to choose two objects, sketch and measure them, and produce a set of architectural drawings including a plan, two elevations, two sections, and a detail drawing that clearly depict the 3D objects.
3. The drawings must follow proper conventions including a title block, scale, and annotations, and will be graded based on completeness, accuracy, and neatness.
02 health safety
This document outlines safety guidelines for working in a wood workshop. It emphasizes keeping the work area tidy, following instructions, asking questions if unsure, and walking carefully. When using tools, one should carry them safely, wear protective equipment like eye protection and dust masks, work slowly when learning, and keep hands away from cutting edges. Many injuries occur to hands, so being careful with tools like chisels is important. The document also covers safely handling materials, reading safety signs, using personal protective equipment, precautions for power tools like removing loose clothing, and safety features of the workshop like emergency stops and machine guards.
30 fastenings & fixtures
This document discusses different types of fastenings and fixtures used in woodworking, including nails, hinges, screws, bolts, catches, and locks. It provides examples of different fasteners and fixtures and asks the reader to name or describe them. Questions cover topics like naming parts of screws, types of hinges, where certain fasteners would be used, and describing the purpose of fixtures like escutcheon plates and gate latches.
06 project report
This document provides guidance on writing a project report for a materials technology course. It outlines the key sections to include: analysis of the design brief, research on materials and existing solutions, development of design ideas and sketches, working drawings, description of the manufacturing process, and evaluation of the final project. Tips are provided such as getting an early start, using sketches and color, and keeping materials neat and organized. The sections are exemplified using a sample project report for a table lamp.
26 veneering & inlay
This chapter discusses veneering and inlay techniques in woodworking. It covers topics such as using veneers to efficiently use expensive woods or cover large surfaces. Proper preparation of the groundwork and careful cutting, matching, and application of veneers is emphasized. Different patterns like borders, marquetry, parquetry and the use of inlay are also described. The chapter concludes with a short quiz to test the reader's understanding.
08 types of tree
This document discusses different types of trees. It describes two main groups: coniferous and deciduous trees. Coniferous trees are softwoods that have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round, while deciduous trees are hardwoods that lose their broad leaves in autumn. Several deciduous trees are then outlined, including oak, ash, birch, and beech, along with their features and common uses for their wood. Coniferous trees such as Scots pine, Douglas fir, and Sitka spruce are also described. The document concludes with a brief overview of timber regions around the world.
25 turning
The document discusses woodturning techniques and safety, describing the parts of the lathe like the headstock, tailstock, and tool rest. It explains different types of turning like between centers or with a faceplate. Various woodturning tools are also outlined such as gouges, skews, and parting tools that can be used to create shapes.
09 how trees grow
This document discusses how trees grow. It describes the key parts of a tree including leaves, branches, trunk and roots. It then explains the functions of these parts, such as roots absorbing water and minerals from the soil. It details the processes of photosynthesis, where leaves use sunlight to produce food, and transpiration, where leaves release water vapor. It outlines the stages of growth from a seed germinating to becoming a sapling. Annual growth rings are formed that show the tree's age. The internal structure of the trunk is also described including the bark, cambium layer, sapwood and heartwood.
29 finishes
This document discusses different wood finishes. It begins by outlining the purposes of applying a finish to wood, which include protecting the wood from wear and tear, preventing decay, and enhancing the wood's appearance. It then describes the two main stages of finishing as surface preparation and application of the finish. A number of specific finishes are discussed such as paint, varnish, Danish oil, wax, and lacquer. Application steps are provided for several of these finishes.
27 laminating scroll saw work & pyrography
This document discusses laminating wood, scroll saw work, and pyrography. Laminating involves gluing together thin wood strips or veneers to form thicker, stronger pieces that do not warp. The strips are softened with hot water and glued between a former and cramps to set the shape. Scroll saw work uses a scroll saw to cut intricate shapes from thin wood for pictures, puzzles, and inlay work. Pyrography is the art of wood burning, where a heated tool is used to burn images or symbols onto wood surfaces.
13 diseases
This document discusses defects and diseases that can occur in wood. It describes natural defects like knots, resin pockets, shakes and waney edges that form during tree growth. It also covers artificial defects such as cupping, bowing, twisting and end splitting caused by improper drying. Fungal diseases and insect pests that damage wood are also examined, along with conditions needed for decay. The life cycles of fungi and boring insects are detailed.
14 wood preservation
Wood preservation involves protecting wood from insects, fungi, weathering and wear and tear. It prolongs the life of wood and prevents natural decay. The main types of wood preservatives are tar oil, water-borne and solvent-based preservatives. Tar oils are dark liquids made from coal tar that are toxic to fungi and insects. Water-borne preservatives use toxic salts and water that leave the salts in the wood after treatment. Solvent-based preservatives use toxic chemicals dissolved in solvents left in the wood after treatment. Pressure treatment is the most effective application method, forcing the preservative deep into the wood using pressure and vacuum.
12 seasoning
The document discusses seasoning wood. There are two main methods of seasoning timber: natural (air) seasoning and artificial (kiln) drying. Air seasoning is a slower process that relies on outdoor weather conditions, while kiln drying allows for faster, controlled drying in an indoor oven-like chamber. The goal of seasoning is to reduce wood's moisture content below 20% to prevent rot and make it easier to work with.
11 conversion of timber
This document discusses different methods for converting logs into timber. It describes felling timber and transporting logs. It then explains four methods for converting logs: horizontal bandsaw, through and through sawing, quarter sawing, and tangential sawing. For each method, it provides the advantages and disadvantages. An exam question is included that asks the reader to name the conversion methods shown in diagrams, state the advantages and disadvantages of each, and determine which board shown is most likely to cup and why.
15 manufactured boards
This document discusses various manufactured boards that are used as substitutes for solid wood. It describes how plywood is made by gluing thin wood veneers together in alternating 90 degree layers. Other manufactured boards mentioned include blockboard, pineboard/lamwood, oriented strand board (OSB), chipboard, medium density fibreboard (MDF), and hardboard. The document provides details on their manufacturing processes and advantages such as helping conserve forests, being economical alternatives that come in large uniform sizes and are stable.
28 adhesives
This document discusses different types of adhesives used in woodworking. It describes various adhesives like PVA glue, epoxy resin, contact glue, superglue and hot melt glue. It explains their properties such as shelf life, pot life, closed assembly time, how they work through specific and mechanical adhesion. It provides guidance on using different adhesives for specific applications like veneering, bonding wood or metals.
More Related Content
What's hot
Graph , puppet ,chart and model
Methods and media of health promotion education, Difference between charts and graphs.
#public health #model #graph #puppet #chart #model #healtheducation #healthpromotion
Project 2 brief
This document provides instructions for Project 2 of the Introduction to Drawing course. Students are required to:
1. Sketch and take measurements of two objects with at least three different geometric surfaces. This will be submitted on May 28th.
2. Use the measurements and drawing conventions references to generate a set of architectural drawings for each object including one plan, two elevations, two sections, and one detail drawing. These must be submitted on June 11th.
3. The drawings must have a title block with details, subtitles, annotations, and an appropriate scale. Notes must be included to visualize the 3D objects. Proper lettering and completeness is required.
4. Students should bring drawing tools
Isometric Drawing
An isometric drawing is a 3D representation of an object on a 2D surface where the axes are foreshortened equally so there is no distortion. It allows visualization of depth like a perspective drawing. Isometric drawings are useful for designers to visualize rooms and products. They use a 30 degree angle because at 30 degrees all three axes are foreshortened proportionally, avoiding distortion. Tools used include a T-square, ruler, pencil, 30/60 triangle, eraser and drawing paper.
Contrast in Designs
A presentation on "Contrast in Designs." This was for a class project for Digital Design Essentials on "Presentation of Design Tips."
Different types of graphs
This document provides information about different types of graphs used to display data: circle graphs (pie charts) show portions of a whole, bar graphs allow for comparisons using vertical or horizontal bars of equal width, pictographs use pictures/symbols to represent data with a key, broken line graphs join data points with line segments to show trends over time, continuous line graphs have meaning for all points between plotted data points, and scatter plots graph sets of points. Sample questions demonstrate using a bar graph to group student marks into intervals and creating a line graph to compare the average monthly temperatures of two towns over eight months.
Scales
The document discusses scales used in technical drawings to represent objects that are too large or too small to draw at their actual dimensions. It defines scale as the ratio between the dimensions of an object in a drawing compared to the actual object. Different types of scales are used - reduced scales make drawings smaller, actual scales are the same size, and enlarged scales make drawings bigger. Examples are provided of calculating scales based on given dimensions. The key steps to working with scales are also outlined.
Assignment 2 Brief (ITD)
1. This document provides instructions for Project 2 of the Introduction to Drawing course.
2. Students are required to choose two objects, sketch and measure them, and produce a set of architectural drawings including a plan, two elevations, two sections, and a detail drawing that clearly depict the 3D objects.
3. The drawings must follow proper conventions including a title block, scale, and annotations, and will be graded based on completeness, accuracy, and neatness.
What's hot (7)
Viewers also liked
02 health safety
This document outlines safety guidelines for working in a wood workshop. It emphasizes keeping the work area tidy, following instructions, asking questions if unsure, and walking carefully. When using tools, one should carry them safely, wear protective equipment like eye protection and dust masks, work slowly when learning, and keep hands away from cutting edges. Many injuries occur to hands, so being careful with tools like chisels is important. The document also covers safely handling materials, reading safety signs, using personal protective equipment, precautions for power tools like removing loose clothing, and safety features of the workshop like emergency stops and machine guards.
30 fastenings & fixtures
This document discusses different types of fastenings and fixtures used in woodworking, including nails, hinges, screws, bolts, catches, and locks. It provides examples of different fasteners and fixtures and asks the reader to name or describe them. Questions cover topics like naming parts of screws, types of hinges, where certain fasteners would be used, and describing the purpose of fixtures like escutcheon plates and gate latches.
06 project report
This document provides guidance on writing a project report for a materials technology course. It outlines the key sections to include: analysis of the design brief, research on materials and existing solutions, development of design ideas and sketches, working drawings, description of the manufacturing process, and evaluation of the final project. Tips are provided such as getting an early start, using sketches and color, and keeping materials neat and organized. The sections are exemplified using a sample project report for a table lamp.
26 veneering & inlay
This chapter discusses veneering and inlay techniques in woodworking. It covers topics such as using veneers to efficiently use expensive woods or cover large surfaces. Proper preparation of the groundwork and careful cutting, matching, and application of veneers is emphasized. Different patterns like borders, marquetry, parquetry and the use of inlay are also described. The chapter concludes with a short quiz to test the reader's understanding.
08 types of tree
This document discusses different types of trees. It describes two main groups: coniferous and deciduous trees. Coniferous trees are softwoods that have needle-like leaves and remain green year-round, while deciduous trees are hardwoods that lose their broad leaves in autumn. Several deciduous trees are then outlined, including oak, ash, birch, and beech, along with their features and common uses for their wood. Coniferous trees such as Scots pine, Douglas fir, and Sitka spruce are also described. The document concludes with a brief overview of timber regions around the world.
25 turning
The document discusses woodturning techniques and safety, describing the parts of the lathe like the headstock, tailstock, and tool rest. It explains different types of turning like between centers or with a faceplate. Various woodturning tools are also outlined such as gouges, skews, and parting tools that can be used to create shapes.
09 how trees grow
This document discusses how trees grow. It describes the key parts of a tree including leaves, branches, trunk and roots. It then explains the functions of these parts, such as roots absorbing water and minerals from the soil. It details the processes of photosynthesis, where leaves use sunlight to produce food, and transpiration, where leaves release water vapor. It outlines the stages of growth from a seed germinating to becoming a sapling. Annual growth rings are formed that show the tree's age. The internal structure of the trunk is also described including the bark, cambium layer, sapwood and heartwood.
29 finishes
This document discusses different wood finishes. It begins by outlining the purposes of applying a finish to wood, which include protecting the wood from wear and tear, preventing decay, and enhancing the wood's appearance. It then describes the two main stages of finishing as surface preparation and application of the finish. A number of specific finishes are discussed such as paint, varnish, Danish oil, wax, and lacquer. Application steps are provided for several of these finishes.
27 laminating scroll saw work & pyrography
This document discusses laminating wood, scroll saw work, and pyrography. Laminating involves gluing together thin wood strips or veneers to form thicker, stronger pieces that do not warp. The strips are softened with hot water and glued between a former and cramps to set the shape. Scroll saw work uses a scroll saw to cut intricate shapes from thin wood for pictures, puzzles, and inlay work. Pyrography is the art of wood burning, where a heated tool is used to burn images or symbols onto wood surfaces.
13 diseases
This document discusses defects and diseases that can occur in wood. It describes natural defects like knots, resin pockets, shakes and waney edges that form during tree growth. It also covers artificial defects such as cupping, bowing, twisting and end splitting caused by improper drying. Fungal diseases and insect pests that damage wood are also examined, along with conditions needed for decay. The life cycles of fungi and boring insects are detailed.
14 wood preservation
Wood preservation involves protecting wood from insects, fungi, weathering and wear and tear. It prolongs the life of wood and prevents natural decay. The main types of wood preservatives are tar oil, water-borne and solvent-based preservatives. Tar oils are dark liquids made from coal tar that are toxic to fungi and insects. Water-borne preservatives use toxic salts and water that leave the salts in the wood after treatment. Solvent-based preservatives use toxic chemicals dissolved in solvents left in the wood after treatment. Pressure treatment is the most effective application method, forcing the preservative deep into the wood using pressure and vacuum.
12 seasoning
The document discusses seasoning wood. There are two main methods of seasoning timber: natural (air) seasoning and artificial (kiln) drying. Air seasoning is a slower process that relies on outdoor weather conditions, while kiln drying allows for faster, controlled drying in an indoor oven-like chamber. The goal of seasoning is to reduce wood's moisture content below 20% to prevent rot and make it easier to work with.
11 conversion of timber
This document discusses different methods for converting logs into timber. It describes felling timber and transporting logs. It then explains four methods for converting logs: horizontal bandsaw, through and through sawing, quarter sawing, and tangential sawing. For each method, it provides the advantages and disadvantages. An exam question is included that asks the reader to name the conversion methods shown in diagrams, state the advantages and disadvantages of each, and determine which board shown is most likely to cup and why.
15 manufactured boards
This document discusses various manufactured boards that are used as substitutes for solid wood. It describes how plywood is made by gluing thin wood veneers together in alternating 90 degree layers. Other manufactured boards mentioned include blockboard, pineboard/lamwood, oriented strand board (OSB), chipboard, medium density fibreboard (MDF), and hardboard. The document provides details on their manufacturing processes and advantages such as helping conserve forests, being economical alternatives that come in large uniform sizes and are stable.
28 adhesives
This document discusses different types of adhesives used in woodworking. It describes various adhesives like PVA glue, epoxy resin, contact glue, superglue and hot melt glue. It explains their properties such as shelf life, pot life, closed assembly time, how they work through specific and mechanical adhesion. It provides guidance on using different adhesives for specific applications like veneering, bonding wood or metals.
22 machines
This document discusses various woodworking machines and safety precautions for their use. It provides information on the scroll saw for decorative curved work and cutting veneers. Safety precautions listed for scroll saw use include always wearing eye protection and keeping guards in place. The band saw is mentioned as having an emergency stop switch, adjustable blade, and lockable blade access door. The function of the rip fence on a table saw is described as guiding pieces for cutting to width and making parallel cuts. Safety precautions are given for the mortising machine, pillar drill, disc and belt sander.
18 plastics
The document discusses plastics and their uses. It describes the two main groups of plastics - thermoplastics and thermosetting plastics. Thermoplastics can be softened and reshaped multiple times by heating, while thermosetting plastics can only be shaped once as they permanently set after heating. The document provides examples of different types of plastics and outlines the steps for cutting, drilling, bending, and shaping acrylic using a strip heater and formers.
20 sharpening tools
This document discusses sharpening tools like chisels and planes. It explains that grinding is used to reshape a blade when it is worn down, damaged, or incorrectly sharpened. Sharpening involves using sharpening stones like an oilstone or honing stone to hone the blade back to a fine cutting edge. The correct grinding angle is 25 degrees while the sharpening angle is 30 degrees. Sharpening saws involves filing the teeth level and using a saw set to bend every second tooth to ensure the blade cuts properly.
07 wood
Trees release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide, helping to clean the air. Tropical rainforests are important carbon sinks. Wood has many benefits and uses, including as a renewable fuel, habitat for wildlife, and raw material for paper, cardboard, and timber. There are natural and planted forests with different types like tropical and coniferous. Deforestation is causing environmental problems but can be reduced by sustainable forest management and using alternatives to solid tropical hardwoods.
17 metals
This document discusses different types of metals used in materials technology. It describes ferrous metals like iron and steel that contain iron, and non-ferrous metals like aluminum, copper, zinc, and lead that contain no iron. Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals, such as brass which is a copper-zinc alloy and bronze which is a copper-tin alloy. The document also mentions tools like files that are used to shape and smooth the edges of metals.
Viewers also liked (20)
Similar to 04 drawing
FREEHAND SKETCHING-I FREEHAND SKETCHING-I
This document provides guidance on freehand sketching techniques for engineers. It discusses the purposes of sketching, such as conveying ideas and documenting measurements. It emphasizes that sketches should have proper proportions and details though they are not to scale. The document then covers various sketching techniques including how to draw straight lines, circles, arcs, and ellipses. It also addresses using size and proportion methods like the pencil measurement technique or boxing in a sketch. Finally, it introduces the alphabet of lines used in technical sketches.
Lesson 1 intro to drawing
The document discusses engineering drawing tools and techniques. It provides details on traditional drawing tools like T-squares, triangles, pencils in different grades, templates, and erasers. It also covers topics like freehand sketching, geometric constructions for circles and arcs, line types, lettering, orthographic projections, and drawing standards. Orthographic projections produce multi-view or axonometric drawings to accurately depict an object's shape and size from different angles according to established technical drawing conventions and standards.
Hand out ed_01 intro to engg drawing
The document discusses engineering drawing tools and techniques. It covers traditional drawing tools like T-squares, triangles, pencils etc. It also covers freehand sketching techniques for lines, circles and arcs. Different types of drawings are described, including orthographic projections, axonometric drawings and multiview drawings. Drawing standards and scales are also summarized.
Drafting a Traditional drawing
The document provides information on traditional engineering drawing tools and techniques. It discusses various drawing tools used for drafting like T-squares, triangles, pencils, erasers. It also explains different drawing techniques like freehand sketching, using instruments to draw lines, circles and curves. The document further describes orthographic projections, types of projections like multiview, axonometric drawings. It provides examples of different line types used in drawings along with standard practices and international standards for engineering drawings.
Isometric and Orthographic Drawing Powerpoint.pptx
The document discusses orthographic and isometric drawings. It explains that orthographic drawings use multiple 2D views to represent a 3D object, including top, bottom, front, back, right and left views. Isometric drawings represent 3D objects at a skewed angle using 3 main rules: horizontal edges are drawn at 30 degrees, vertical edges are drawn vertically, and parallel edges appear parallel. The document provides examples of an isometric cube drawing and instructions for setting up a drawing board and techniques for drawing orthographic and isometric views, including using scales. It assigns two tasks: drawing a cube and smaller scaled cube with a cutout.
Standardisation, the sizes of paper, types of lines and symbols; dimensions,s...
Standardisation, the sizes of paper, types of lines and symbols; dimensions,s...José María Otero Urtaza
The document discusses the standardization and conventions used in technical drawings. It covers paper sizes, line types, dimensions, scales, and the differences between drafts, sketches, and technical drawings. The main points are:
- International standards define paper sizes, line types, dimension rules, and other conventions to ensure consistent understanding of technical drawings.
- Standard paper sizes are based on the A-series, with A0 being 1 square meter and each subsequent size being half the area.
- Dimensions are always shown in millimeters and use standardized symbols, leaders, and arrowheads.
- Scales relate the size of an object drawn to its real size, with full, reduction, and enlargementStandardisation, the sizes of paper, types of lines and symbols; dimensions,s...
The document discusses the standardization and conventions used in technical drawings. It outlines the sizes of paper according to the ISO series, types of lines and symbols used to represent objects, and how to draw accurate dimensions. Dimensions should be drawn lightly in millimeters and use standard symbols like Ø for diameters and R for radii. Scales are also covered, including full scale, reduction scale, and enlargement scale drawings. Technical drawings provide precise dimensions and measurements compared to drafts or sketches.
Excel 2007 Unit D
This document discusses how to create and format charts in Microsoft Office 2007. It covers how to plan a chart by identifying the data and purpose, create different chart types, move and resize charts, change the chart design and layout, format charts, annotate charts, and create pie charts. The objectives are to learn how to plan a chart, create a chart, change the chart design, format a chart, annotate a chart, and create a pie chart.
DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY - G-8.pptx
This document outlines a presentation about drafting technology. It defines key drafting terms and identifies important drafting materials and tools, including different types of drawing pencils. It also explains different types of lines used in technical drawings like visible, hidden, and dimension lines. The document provides activities for students to identify words related to drafting and complete an orthographic drawing with three standard views.
WL 141 Unit 02
The document discusses sketching techniques for welders. It describes sketching as a quick way to express ideas using freehand drawings showing an object's shape and size. The document outlines how to sketch lines, arcs, circles, ellipses, and different types of sketches like orthographic, oblique, and isometric sketches. Guidelines are provided for sketching techniques and constructing different shapes.
Engineering Drawing: Chapter 05 pictorial sketching
This document provides guidance on freehand sketching techniques for isometric projections and sketches. It discusses sketching lines, arcs, circles, curves, and objects from orthographic views. Key steps include locating centers and tangent points, using construction lines, and extruding 2D shapes to add the third dimension. Parallel lines should remain parallel in isometric views. Complex objects can be sketched by combining simple shapes or adding details gradually to the main form.
Introduction of Engineering Graphics
This document provides information about engineering graphics and technical drawing. It introduces engineering graphics as a way to communicate engineers' ideas through drawings. It discusses different types of drawings like freehand and instrument drawings. It also outlines standard drawing sheet sizes, scales, line types, dimensioning, and typical drawing equipment. Common drawing elements like points, lines, and polygons are defined. Different views like front, top, and inclined views are explained. Engineering curves are also mentioned.
Working drawings & Materials list
1. The document provides guidance on creating working drawings and materials lists for prototyping designs, including types of drawings needed and how to construct them.
2. It describes how to make isometric drawings, orthographic part drawings, exploded views, and materials lists with relevant dimensions, part numbers, materials, and quantities.
3. Instructions are given for including details, symbols, and views in the different types of technical drawings to fully communicate a product design.
Chapter 05 Pictorial sketching.ppt engineering drawing studies
1) The document discusses various techniques for freehand sketching including sketching lines, arcs, and circles. It provides guidance on tools, techniques, and recommendations for sketching different geometric shapes and features.
2) The document then covers different types of pictorial projections including axonometric, oblique, and isometric projections. It compares isometric projections to isometric sketches and provides methods for sketching ellipses, arcs, and irregular curves in isometric views.
3) The remainder of the document provides guidance and examples for sketching objects in isometric and oblique views including sketching from orthographic views, modifying objects, and combining simple shapes.
Visual art grade 10. Elementsofart and Prinicples of design
This document discusses the formal elements of art, principles of design, and materials and techniques used in visual art. It covers line, color, texture, space, shape/form, balance, contrast, emphasis, proportion, rhythm/repetition, movement, and unity. It also briefly introduces sculpture, painting, drawing, printmaking and provides references for further information.
BASIC-DRAFTING.pptx
The document discusses different types of technical drawings used in drafting and engineering. It defines isometric drawings as a type of axonometric projection where the three axes are equally foreshortened at 120 degree angles, allowing a 3D object to be represented in 2D. It also discusses orthographic projections using parallel lines orthogonal to the view plane, and oblique projections which are not perfectly scaled but can represent 3D objects clearly. Drafting tools like pencils, rulers, compasses and T-squares are used to precisely draw different views and measurements to engineering specifications.
Engineeringl drawing lecture
Engineering Drawing
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Architecture Engineering
Engineering drawings
The document discusses various types of engineering drawings including isometric drawings, which show a three-dimensional view of a component or assembly from three surfaces in one view. It also covers orthographic projections, which use front, top, side, and other views to represent a three-dimensional object in two dimensions. The document explains techniques for drawing boxes, more complex shapes, threaded parts, and using section views to show hidden details. It also discusses dimensions, title blocks, line types, and other aspects of creating technical drawings.
Tecno 1 eso graphic expression
This document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in a unit on graphic expression and communication. It discusses the differences between artistic drawing and technical drawing, various drawing tools and what they are used for, and the differences between sketches, diagrams, and technical drawings. It also addresses scale, dimensions, and views of objects in technical drawings. Key terms are defined for drawing tools, types of paper, and how to use a ruler, protractor, set square, and compass.
Technical Drawing tools
Topic: Basic Technical Drawing Measuring and tools
Research by: KM CLAUDIO
For students who take the subject Technical DRawing
Similar to 04 drawing (20)
Isometric and Orthographic Drawing Powerpoint.pptx
Isometric and Orthographic Drawing Powerpoint.pptx
Standardisation, the sizes of paper, types of lines and symbols; dimensions,s...
Standardisation, the sizes of paper, types of lines and symbols; dimensions,s...
Standardisation, the sizes of paper, types of lines and symbols; dimensions,s...
Standardisation, the sizes of paper, types of lines and symbols; dimensions,s...
Engineering Drawing: Chapter 05 pictorial sketching
Engineering Drawing: Chapter 05 pictorial sketching
Chapter 05 Pictorial sketching.ppt engineering drawing studies
Chapter 05 Pictorial sketching.ppt engineering drawing studies
Visual art grade 10. Elementsofart and Prinicples of design
Visual art grade 10. Elementsofart and Prinicples of design
Recently uploaded
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
"How to make and deliver dynamic presentations by making it more interactive to captivate your audience attention"
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience Wahiba Chair Training & Consulting
Wahiba Chair's Talk at the 2024 Learning Ideas Conference. clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Recently uploaded (20)
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
How to Create a More Engaging and Human Online Learning Experience
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...
04 drawing
- 3. Pencils Different types of pencil are used for drawing lighter and darker lines Drawings are usually done with a 2H pencil
- 4. Drawings Drawings give enough information to allow an object to be made Drawings include measurements Sketches are also used to give information on a drawing sheet
- 5. Scales Scales reduce or enlarge the measurements evenly, so that the proportions of the object stay the same Full size measurements are written on the drawing The scale is also written as a ratio on the drawing
- 6. Orthographic projection A 2D presentation of a 3D object Shows all the views of an object Each view is related to the others Elevations, plans and end views are included in orthographic drawings
- 8. Sections Show a cut view of a piece or object Used when detail needs to be shown clearly − The section through the candle holder shows clearly how the pieces are joined
- 10. Oblique drawing Lines are drawn back at 45° from the elevation Draw pieces separately and build up the drawing
- 11. Isometric axis Constructing an isometric axis
- 13. Examples of isometric drawing
- 15. Dimensions
- 16. Dimensions worksheet 7 Insert these dimensions on the drawing supplied
- 17. Dimensions worksheet 7 Insert these dimensions on the drawing supplied
- 18. Dimensions worksheet 8 Elevation End view Insert these dimensions on the drawing supplied Plan
- 19. Dimensions worksheet 8 Insert these dimensions on the drawing supplied