This document discusses various topics related to plant nutrition including: - The different modes of nutrition in plants including autotrophic nutrition via photosynthesis, heterotrophic nutrition by obtaining nutrients from other organisms as parasites or saprophytes, and symbiotic relationships. - Key parts and processes involved in photosynthesis such as the role of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in leaves in absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. - Other modes of heterotrophic nutrition including parasitic plants like cuscuta that derive nutrients from a host plant, and insectivorous plants that trap and digest insects.

1. By Dilip Kumar Chandra

2. By Dilip Kumar Chandra
• What is Nutrition?
• What are Nutritional Elements?
• Sources of Nutrition
• Function of Nutrition
• Mode of Nutrition in Plant
• Autotrophs
• By Photosynthesis
• Heterotrophs
• Parasite
• Saprophyte
• Insectivorous
• Symbiotic Relationships

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• Process to take food.
• For
• Growth
• Development
• Reproduction

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• Chemicals found in Foods
• Are –
• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Fats
• Minerals

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• By Foods
• Foods may be
• Plant Products
• Animal Products

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• Growth of Body –
• Developments of Body-
• To fight Disease Causing Agents (Immunity)-
• For Reproduction of Organism

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1. By Self - Autotrophs
• By Photosynthesis
2. From Other Organism - Heterotrophs
• Obtained from other living organism - Parasite
• Obtained from other dead organism - Saprophyte
• Obtain from insect (by eating)- Insectivorous
• Association between two different organism -
Symbiotic Relationships

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Autotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which
organisms can make organic food by themselves using
simple inorganic substances.
The process by which the green plants obtain nutrients is
called :
Photosynthesis

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Takes place in Chloroplast
Necessary factors :
Carbon dioxide
Water
Sunlight
Chlorophyll

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Takes place in Chloroplast
Necessary factors :
CO2
Stoma
Air Space
Spongy Mesophyll
Cell
Chloroplast

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Green pigment Chlorophyll helps leaves to capture the energy
of the sunlight .This energy is used to synthesize food from
carbon dioxide and water . Since the synthesis of food occurs
in the presence of sunlight, it is called photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis ( /foʊtoʊˈsɪnθəsɪs/; from the Greek φώτο-
[photo-], "light," and σύνθεσις [synthesis], "putting together",

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Dark Reaction
Water
Oxygen Glucose
(C6H12O6)
Light Reaction
6 CO2 + 6 H20 C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Light Carbon Dioxide

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carbohydrates (e.g. glucose)
carbon dioxide and water
photosynthesis
release energy by respiration

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convert into starch for storage because
glucose is not a very good storage molecule
carbohydrates (e.g. glucose)
carbon dioxide and water
photosynthesis

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change into sucrose and is transported
to other parts through phloem
carbohydrates (e.g. glucose)
carbon dioxide and water
photosynthesis

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18. To test a leaf for the presence
of Starch

19. Why is the leaf first boiled in water ?
Ans: Because the process can soften the leaf, break
down the cuticle and kill the leaf.
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner

20. Why is the leaf then boiled in alcohol ?
Ans: To decolourize the leaf (to remove chlorophyll).
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner

21. Why is it important to turn off the Bunsen burner when you
are heating the alcohol ?
Ans: Because alcohol catches fire easily.
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner

22. Why is the leaf put in hot water after being boiled in
alcohol ?
Ans: Since the leaf becomes brittle after boiling in
alcohol, so dipping it into hot water enables it to
be softened.
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner

23. What colour change can be observed if starch is present ?
Ans: The leaf becomes blue-black when iodine solution
is added to it.
boiling
water
turn off
Bunsen
burner
boiling
alcohol hot water
iodine
white tile
turn off
Bunsen
burner

24. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed
& oxygen is released into the
atmosphere which maintains the
composition of the atmosphere constant
Why is Photosynthesis important ?

25. Parts of plant where photosynthesis
takes place
Mainly in the leaf because
–it contains a lot of chloroplasts
–it is well adapted for performing
photosynthesis

26. The other modes of
nutrition in plants
• There are some plants which do not have
chlorophyll .They cannot synthesise their own
food .Like humans and animals such plants
depend on the food produced by others . They
use the Heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They
are Parasitic plants, Insectivorous plants &
saprotrophs

27. PARASITIC PLANTS
• CUSCUTA : Yellow tubular structures twining
around the stem and branches of the tree .
This plant is called cuscuta

28. PARASITIC PLANTS
• Cuscuta do not have chlorophyll .
It takes ready made food from the
plant on which it is climbing . The
plant on which it climbs is called
is a host . Since it deprives the
host of nutrients , it is called
parasite.

29. INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
• There are few plants Growing in nitrogen
deficient soils which can trap insects and
digest them .such plants may be green colour
or of some other colour.such insect eating
plants are called insectivorous plants

30. INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
• Pitcher plant

31. INSECTIVOROUS PLANTS
• Pitcher plant Venus flytrap

32. SAPROTROPHIC NUTRITION
• The mode of nutrition in which organisms take
in nutrients in solution form from dead and
decaying matter is called saprotrophic
nutrition.
• Organisms secrete digestive juices on dead
and decaying matter and convert into solution
form. Ex : Fungi

33. SAPROTROPHIC NUTRITION

34. Symbiotic relationship
• Some organisms live together and share
shelter and nutrients .This is called symbiotic
relation ship.
• Some fungi live in roots of trees (Mycorrhizal
Roots)
• Lichens
• Leguminous plants.

35. Symbiotic relationship
• Lichens : In Lichens a
chlorophyll containing
partner Which is an Alga,
and a fungus live together.
The fungus provides
shelter water and minerals
to the alga and in return
alga provides food which it
prepares by
photosynthesis.

36. Leguminous plants.
• The bacterium called rhizobium
can take atmospheric nitrogen
and convert it into soluble
form. But rhizobium cannot
make its own food so it lives in
a roots of gram,
peas,moong,beans and other
legumes and provides them
with nitrogen. In return the
plants provide food and shelter
to the bacteria. They thus have
a symbiotic relationship.

37. How nutrients are replenished
in the soil.
• Continuous harvesting crops removes
valuable mineral salts from soil
Fertilizers are added to replace such loss
• Two kinds of fertilizers:
–Natural fertilizers
–Chemical fertilizers

38. The importance of nitrogen
• For synthesis of proteins, chlorophyll, etc
• Taken in form of nitrate ions
• Deficiency symptoms:
– Little growth ( - no protein made)
– Yellowing of leaves ( - no chlorophyll made)

39. Natural fertilizers
• From manure
• Organic compounds in it are
decomposed by the bacteria in soil to
form mineral salts

40. Chemical fertilizers
• Mainly nitrogenous and phosphorous
compounds manufactured artificially