The document summarizes an update on standards and regulations for flammable refrigerants presented at a symposium. It discusses the classification of refrigerants, relevant safety standards including EN378 and IEC 60335-2 series, and changes being made to allow higher charges of lower GWP refrigerants like R32. The TC61/SC61C/WG4 working group aims to define maximum charge limits for appliances per IEC 60335-2-89 to maintain equivalent safety with higher flammable refrigerant amounts.
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Conferencia de Jeffrey Sachs en Madrid el 28 de mayo de 2019, en la jornada "La transformación ineludible: investigación e innovación para acelerar el cumplimiento de la Agenda 2030"
European Regulation about Fgas and alternative refrigerants - Regolamentazione Europea gas fluorurati e refrigeranti alternativi (sintetici e naturali)
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This presentation was held 31 March of 2014 at the Global Refining Summit in Barcelona. It is about addressing four technical challenges to survive in the era of increased energy costs, depreciating profit margins, debilitating regulations, environmental restrictions and declining crude quality.
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
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It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
6. 6
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 6
Safety Data sheet R32 vs R290
R32 R290=
Classification Rules defined in the Global Harmonized System (GHS).
Industry started an initiative to change the classification in GHS in order to
differentiate between A2L and A3
7. 7
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 7
European Treaty
Art. 137
Single market
Safety of workers
Remark : Only minimum requirements
National regulations:
Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations
(DSEAR) : UK
Betriebs-Sicherheits-Verordnung (BetrSichV) : DE
TBT Technical Barriers of Trade
Product Harmonisation
PED/MD/LVD/EMC
…..
ATEX (94/9/EC)
(product) - IEC/EN 60079
ATEX (99/92/EC)
(workplace)- TRBS-2152
Art. 95
European Regulations & Standards
CustomerOEM
8. 8
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 8
EuropeanlevelInternationallevel
TC 86 SC1
ISO (DIS) 5149
plus others
TC 61 SC 61C
IEC 60335-2-24,
IEC 60335-2-89
TC 61 SC 61D
IEC 60335-2-40
TC 182
EN 378
plus others
CLC 61
EN 60335-2-40
EN 60335-2-24
EN 60335-2-89
International and European Committees and Standards
9. 9
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 9
Household Appliances Or Similar Use - Commercial Systems
- Industrial SystemsEN 60335 series
-2-24 -2-89 -2-40
D
o
m
e
s
t
i
c
C
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
H
e
a
t
p
u
m
p
s
/
A
C
MD
MD
MD
PED
Horizontal Standard For All Ref. Systems: EN378
(Horizontal Standard Covers Fundamental Principles, Concepts, Terminology Or Technical Characteristics)
Standards Update for A2L /A3
• EN 378 is harmonized with ISO 5149
• EN 60335-2-40
• Voting 2017 for A2L
• WG started, A2/A3 Charge Ext. 2017
• EN60335-2-89
• WG A2/A3 started Charge Ext. 2018
Target: Refrigerant Charge up to 0,5 kg
Horizontal & Vertical Safety Standards
10. 10
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 10
EN378 in the Context with Other Regulations & Standards
EN 378
Building
standards
ADR
GHS
(safety data
sheet)
MD TRBS
ATEX
PED
EN 60335
11. 11
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 11
Scope EN378: Normative References
EN378
Part 1: Basic
requirements,
definitions,
classification and
selection criteria
Part 3 Part 4
EN 12263
EN14276-2
ISO817
EN 13445…
EN 13480…
EN 14276…
EN 60335…
EN 837…
EN 60079 (Explosive Atmospheres, ATEX harmonized)…
EN 1363
EN 1364
EN 1365
…..
ISO 11650
ISO 13043
EN 60335-2-104
Part 2: Design,
construction, testing,
marking and
documentation
(only this part is
harmonized with PED and
has legal character)
Part 3: Installation
site and personal
protection
Part 4: Operation,
maintenance, repair
and recovery
I guess all documents are more than 1000 pages, not so easy!
12. 12
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 12
What is new in EN378
Part 1: Basic Requirements, Definitions & Classifications
• Vocabulary
o Separate Machinery Room
o Access Category
o Open Air
• Flammability Class 2L
• Additional Calculation for human comfort
• Alternative risk managment for occupied space
• Refrigerant tables updates
13. 13
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 13
Determine the charge based on flammability
a
general
access
b
Superv.
access
c
Author.
access
I = Occupied space
II Comp. In
mach.-
room / open air
16. 16
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 16
Alternative for risk management of ref.- systems in occupied
spaces (C.3) - Increase the Charge
• These alternative provisions can only be used for an
occupied space which fulfils all of the following conditions:
17. 17
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 17
System Design for Mulitsplit Units according Risk
Assessment C.3
Each piping is not oversized, in
case of leakage of one
evaporator the other evaporators
will still work and limit the leak
amount -> preferred design
If the main pipe is installed in
occupied space, the complete
gas will leak, this design is not
allowed.
18. 18
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 18
What is new in EN378 2(2)
Part 3: Installation site and
personal protection
• Separate machinery room
• Requirements for A2L´s
• Equipment not in occupied space
nor in machinery room
• Sprinkler in ammonia machinery
rooms
Part 4: Operation, maintenance, repair
and recovery
• New text for evacuating procedure
• Testing halocarbon for moisture
• Handling Ammonia during service
o When to dispose as hazordous
waste
o When to vent into water
o How to dispose water
Part 2: Design, construction, testing,
marking and documentation
• Aligned with PED and MD
• Flowchart updated
• 4 new Annexes
o Stress corrosion cracking
o Leak simulation testing
o Comissioning procedure
o Ignition sources
19. 19
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 19
Seite 19/11
Ice-cream
dispensers
Applicable types of equipment related to the IEC 60335-2-89
20. 20
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 20
150 g ?
1 kg or more
150 g OK
Relevant standards and resulting amount of low GWP
refrigerants
21. 21
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 21
Title of committee/working group:
TC61/SC61C/WG 4
Task of TC61/SC61C/WG4:
IEC 60335-2-89-A2/Ed2: Household and similar electrical appliances -
Safety - Part 2-89: Particular requirements for commercial refrigerating
appliances with an incorporated or remote refrigerant unit or compressor
To define the maximum flammable refrigerant amount for appliances
according to IEC 60335-2-89 and measures to maintain the equivalent
safety level as for the present limit.
Members of the WG4:
26 Members out of 13 countries
(AT, BE, BR, CZ, DE, FI, GB, IT, JO, JP, NZ, SK and US)
Title of committee/working group and
task
22. 22
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 22
EN378 vs EN 60335-2-89
Standard Supermarket
System
• OEM Building the System
• EN378
• PED
• MD
• LVD
• EMC
• ATEX Standards
• Installation on site
• RISK ASSESSMENT
• Workplace Safety
Integrated Display Cabinet
• OEM Building the Cabinet
• EN60335-2-89
• PED
• MD
• LVD
• EMC
• ATEX Standards
• Leak Simulation Test
• Type Approval Notified Body
• Installation on site
23. 23
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 23
The risk with 500g flammable refrigerant (R290)
must be the same as we have with the current limit of 150 g
In detail and out of the proposal from WG4 and comments of NC:
• Refrigerants which are lighter than air (e.g. R50) should be excluded
For appliances with more than 150 g flammable refrigerant…
• Determination of gas concentration might be necessary
• Minimum air flow for appliances between 151 g and 13 x LFL flammable
refrigerant could be required or necessary
• The airflow should be guaranteed in any operating conditions
• No refrigerant-containing parts should be exposed to the outside of the appliance
• Low temperature solder alloys will be not accepted for pipe connections
• All electrical components should be non-sparking electrical apparatus
• Application should have a tested tightness control level of less than 3 grams per
year
What direction is TC61/SC61C/WG4
going
25. 25
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 25
Time scale for including the WG4 proposal into the IEC 60335-2-89:
• October 2016: WG4 meeting and SC61C meeting in week 40 (4th to 8th of
October 2016) with work on the compilation of comments on the WG4
proposal – 61C/671/DC
• Q4_2016: Creation of a DC out of the compilated comments
• Q3_2017: Creation of a CDV out of the latest DC
• Q1_2018: Discussion of CDV and creation of a FDIS
• Q2_2018: Publishing of the 3rd edition from the IEC 60335-2-89
standard
Possible time scale of TC61/SC61C/WG4
26. 26
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 26
Residential & Commercial Comfort EN60335-2-40
• EN 60335-2-40
– Household and similar electrical appliances.
Safety. Particular requirements for electrical
heat pumps, air-conditioners and
dehumidifiers
• A2L Refrigerants in current version NOT
included
• A3 Refrigerants can be used up to 1,5 kg only
in indirect systems
• EN 60335-2-40 Revison will be launched
end of 2017/ early 2018
– Taylored for A2L refrigerants with a
maximum charge of 80 kg A2L
– Separate Working Group to increase charge
limits for A3 refrigerants, driven by China for
small Split Systems up to 500g, release not
before 2018
Propane Air/Water HP
up to 1,5 kg charge
27. 27
Schaffhausen, 22nd / 23rd June, 2017 Page 27
Summary
• A2L and A3 Refrigerants are considered in PED, MD and ATEX equally
(H220-extremly flammable)
• EN378 propose big differentiations in the charge limits for A2L and A3
• Human comfort for A2L´s can use higher refrigerant charge as refrigeration
• Flammable refrigerants can be used only in appropriate systems, which
are designed for flammable refrigerants (EN60079 – ATEX)
• Work place safety (TRBS) to be considered for installation site
28. Contact:
Dr. Frank Rinne
Emerson Commercial & Residential Solutions
Pascalstrasse 65, 52076 Aachen
Germany
+49 (0) 2408 929-205
frank.rinne@emerson.com