This document summarizes a presentation on heat tracing standards, options, and application optimization. It discusses various heat tracing standards from Canada, the US, and Europe from the 1980s to present. It describes how the standards are related and what they address, including recent changes. The presentation covers type tests for heat tracing, methods to establish maximum sheath temperature, and controlled design approaches. It discusses future developments in standards, including harmonization efforts between IEEE 515 and IEC 60079-30. The document concludes by summarizing recent changes to the Canadian Electrical Code regarding heat tracing.
Self-regulating systems are the preferred choice for most complex pipe-tracing applications. This is due to their parallel construction, which allows them to be cut to length and spliced in the eld, and their self-regulating output, which provides more heat where it is needed.
This step-by-step design guide provides the tools necessary to design a self-regulating heat-tracing system for insulated pipes and tubing. For other applications or for design assistance, contact ISI at 407.324.7800 or www.isisales.com.
Self-Regulating Heat Trace Cable Application and Operating PrinciplesIves Equipment
Self-regulating heater cable is a parallel circuit electric heater strip. An irradiation cross-linked conductive polymer core material is extruded over the multi-stranded, tin-plated, 18 gauge copper bus wires. The conductive core material increases or decreases its heat output in response to temperature changes. A thermoplastic elastomer dielectric jacket is then extruded over the conductive core. A copper braid is installed over this jacket providing a continuous ground path. A UV stabilized thermoplastic elastomer overjacket is provided to cover the braid for wet applications and exposure to the sun.
Self-regulating systems are the preferred choice for most complex pipe-tracing applications. This is due to their parallel construction, which allows them to be cut to length and spliced in the eld, and their self-regulating output, which provides more heat where it is needed.
This step-by-step design guide provides the tools necessary to design a self-regulating heat-tracing system for insulated pipes and tubing. For other applications or for design assistance, contact ISI at 407.324.7800 or www.isisales.com.
Self-Regulating Heat Trace Cable Application and Operating PrinciplesIves Equipment
Self-regulating heater cable is a parallel circuit electric heater strip. An irradiation cross-linked conductive polymer core material is extruded over the multi-stranded, tin-plated, 18 gauge copper bus wires. The conductive core material increases or decreases its heat output in response to temperature changes. A thermoplastic elastomer dielectric jacket is then extruded over the conductive core. A copper braid is installed over this jacket providing a continuous ground path. A UV stabilized thermoplastic elastomer overjacket is provided to cover the braid for wet applications and exposure to the sun.
Electric shock is the effect produced on the body and particularly on the nervous system by an electrical current passing through it. The effect depends on the current strength which itself depends on the voltage and body resistance.
Failing to take the necessary precautions can lead to:
- injury or death
- fire or property damage
Common causes of electrocution are:
- Making contact with overhead wires
- Undertaking maintenance on live equipment
- Working with damaged electrical equipment - extension leads, plugs and sockets
- Using equipment affected by rain or water ingress
There are four main types of electrical injuries:
-Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)
-Electrical Shock
-Burns
-Falls
An arc flash happens when electric current flows through an air gap between conductors.
ARC BLAST
• Arc-blasts occur from high- amperage currents arcing through the air.
This can be caused by accidental contact with energized components or equipment failure.
• A DANGEROUS PRESSURE WAVE
• A DANGEROUS SOUND WAVE
• SHRAPNEL
• EXTREME HEAT
• EXTREME LIGHT.
ELECTRIC CURRENT
• Caused by the motion of electrons
• If channeled in a given direction, a flow of electrons occurs.
Severity of the shock depends on:
Path of current through the body
Amount of current flowing through the body Length of time the body is in the circuit
The technicians at Caddell Electric (http://dallaselectricrepair.com/) provide the best and most comprehensive commercial electrical services in the DFW Metroplex.
Electrical rooms provide safe and secure spaces for the operation and maintenance of electrical equipment. While electrical equipment types and ratings can have significant impacts on electrical room requirements, distributing the electrical power to the rest of the building via wiring, busways, and raceways can also affect electrical room design.
Switchboards, switchgear, transformers, generators, and UPSs require space for installation, maintenance, heat dissipation, and possible future expansion. And the wiring, busways, and raceways that distribute the electrical power must be accounted for—now, and in the future. Documentation and monitoring of electrical system’s equipment and how it connects to the rest of the facility must be accurately maintained.
The design of electrical rooms requires an integrated approach among disciplines. Architects and structural, mechanical, and fire protection engineers should work as a team in designing these rooms. NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) is the main source for electrical room requirements, but other codes, good practices, and recommendations should be considered. The result will be a room that is safe and secure, and provides for the functional operation and maintenance of the specific electrical equipment located within.
Medium Voltage Terminations- up to 42kV.| AKBAR TRADING EST.| mail@akbartradi...AKBAR TRADING
Cold Applied:
• TFTI-TFTO:
Single Core Polymeric Cable Termination - Pre Expanded on Holdout - up to 42kV
• TFTI-TFTO:
Single Core Polymeric Cable Termination - Push On - up to 42kV
Heat Shrinkable:
• IXSU/OXSU:
Uniterm - Terminations for Polymeric Cables - up to
42kV
Uniterm - Terminations for Polymeric Cables - up to
42kV - Selection Guide
• IXSU/OXSU - EPKT Quick Reference Guide
Heat Shrinkable Elbows:
• EPKT:
Heat Shrinkable Termination System for cables up to 36kV
Heat Shrinkable Termination Selection Guide
• RSRB:
Inline Bushing Boots
• RSRB:
Right Angle Bushing Boots
Inline & Right Angle Bushing Boot Selection Guide
Push On Elbows:
• RCAB:
Elastomeric Flexible Bushing Boot - up to 17.5kV ONLY
• RCAB:
Inline Cold Applied Boot - up to 24kV ONLY
• RICS:
Insulated Elbow Adaptors - up to 24kV
Insulated Elbow Adaptors - up to 24kV - Selection Guide
• RSES/RSSS:
Insulated Screened Elbows - 250A - up to 24kV
• RSTI:
Insulated Screened Elbows - 630A - up to 24kV
• RSTI:
Insulated Screened Elbows - 630A - up to 36kV
• RSTI:
Insulated Screened Elbow - Piggyback Coupling System - up to 36kV
GURO MV:
NEW
GUROFLEX Medium Voltage - Cold pour Insulating Compound
Section 4:
Energy Division
http://energy.tycoelectronics.com
Euromold Connectors 400 Series Interface Type C Bushing - 630Amp
* Connector Type : M16 Bolted Copper Insert
* Voltage Range : 11/12kV-33/36kV
* Current Rating : 630amps
* Specification : CENELEC EN50180 & EN50181
Euromold 430TB Elbow Connectors are used with 400 Series Interface C Bushing.
1 . Piping
2. Tank Design
3. Standpipe System
4. Pump Selection & Types
For Complete FIREFIGHTING Presentation
Check out my product on Instamojo:https://www.instamojo.com/ezazsidd1993/fire-fighting-a-complete-handbook/
nVent RAYCHEM STS (Skin-Effect Trace-Heating Systems) Global Application Loca...Will Wright
Raychem Skin-Effect Trace-Heating Systems are designed with long distance pipelines in mind. This reliable solution has been implemented around the world, with 243 unique project installations. Discover some of our most successful projects with this new reference map and learn about specific project details through our customized case studies.
Erico Eritech Lightning Protection - IEC62305 Earthing Design Guide.
ERICO’s proven experience in providing grounding and bonding systems, including ground rods, ground enhancement material and signal reference grids, provides for the safe dissipation of energy.
Erico System 1000 - ESE Standard System
The ERITECH® SI Series encompasses three air terminal models and accessories that are designed to comply with the requirements of the French NFC17-102 and Spanish UNE-21186 Standards.
Erico System 2000 - Conventional Protection
ERICO offers the System 2000 series of air terminals, downconductors and fittings in accordance with Australian-AS1768, British-BS6651, Singaporean-CP33, European-IEC and USA-NFPA780 Standards.
Erico System 3000 - Enhanced Protection System
ERICO's System 3000 is a technically advanced lightning protection system. The unique features of this system allow optimum performance, flexibility of design, and overall cost-effective installation.
Electric shock is the effect produced on the body and particularly on the nervous system by an electrical current passing through it. The effect depends on the current strength which itself depends on the voltage and body resistance.
Failing to take the necessary precautions can lead to:
- injury or death
- fire or property damage
Common causes of electrocution are:
- Making contact with overhead wires
- Undertaking maintenance on live equipment
- Working with damaged electrical equipment - extension leads, plugs and sockets
- Using equipment affected by rain or water ingress
There are four main types of electrical injuries:
-Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)
-Electrical Shock
-Burns
-Falls
An arc flash happens when electric current flows through an air gap between conductors.
ARC BLAST
• Arc-blasts occur from high- amperage currents arcing through the air.
This can be caused by accidental contact with energized components or equipment failure.
• A DANGEROUS PRESSURE WAVE
• A DANGEROUS SOUND WAVE
• SHRAPNEL
• EXTREME HEAT
• EXTREME LIGHT.
ELECTRIC CURRENT
• Caused by the motion of electrons
• If channeled in a given direction, a flow of electrons occurs.
Severity of the shock depends on:
Path of current through the body
Amount of current flowing through the body Length of time the body is in the circuit
The technicians at Caddell Electric (http://dallaselectricrepair.com/) provide the best and most comprehensive commercial electrical services in the DFW Metroplex.
Electrical rooms provide safe and secure spaces for the operation and maintenance of electrical equipment. While electrical equipment types and ratings can have significant impacts on electrical room requirements, distributing the electrical power to the rest of the building via wiring, busways, and raceways can also affect electrical room design.
Switchboards, switchgear, transformers, generators, and UPSs require space for installation, maintenance, heat dissipation, and possible future expansion. And the wiring, busways, and raceways that distribute the electrical power must be accounted for—now, and in the future. Documentation and monitoring of electrical system’s equipment and how it connects to the rest of the facility must be accurately maintained.
The design of electrical rooms requires an integrated approach among disciplines. Architects and structural, mechanical, and fire protection engineers should work as a team in designing these rooms. NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) is the main source for electrical room requirements, but other codes, good practices, and recommendations should be considered. The result will be a room that is safe and secure, and provides for the functional operation and maintenance of the specific electrical equipment located within.
Medium Voltage Terminations- up to 42kV.| AKBAR TRADING EST.| mail@akbartradi...AKBAR TRADING
Cold Applied:
• TFTI-TFTO:
Single Core Polymeric Cable Termination - Pre Expanded on Holdout - up to 42kV
• TFTI-TFTO:
Single Core Polymeric Cable Termination - Push On - up to 42kV
Heat Shrinkable:
• IXSU/OXSU:
Uniterm - Terminations for Polymeric Cables - up to
42kV
Uniterm - Terminations for Polymeric Cables - up to
42kV - Selection Guide
• IXSU/OXSU - EPKT Quick Reference Guide
Heat Shrinkable Elbows:
• EPKT:
Heat Shrinkable Termination System for cables up to 36kV
Heat Shrinkable Termination Selection Guide
• RSRB:
Inline Bushing Boots
• RSRB:
Right Angle Bushing Boots
Inline & Right Angle Bushing Boot Selection Guide
Push On Elbows:
• RCAB:
Elastomeric Flexible Bushing Boot - up to 17.5kV ONLY
• RCAB:
Inline Cold Applied Boot - up to 24kV ONLY
• RICS:
Insulated Elbow Adaptors - up to 24kV
Insulated Elbow Adaptors - up to 24kV - Selection Guide
• RSES/RSSS:
Insulated Screened Elbows - 250A - up to 24kV
• RSTI:
Insulated Screened Elbows - 630A - up to 24kV
• RSTI:
Insulated Screened Elbows - 630A - up to 36kV
• RSTI:
Insulated Screened Elbow - Piggyback Coupling System - up to 36kV
GURO MV:
NEW
GUROFLEX Medium Voltage - Cold pour Insulating Compound
Section 4:
Energy Division
http://energy.tycoelectronics.com
Euromold Connectors 400 Series Interface Type C Bushing - 630Amp
* Connector Type : M16 Bolted Copper Insert
* Voltage Range : 11/12kV-33/36kV
* Current Rating : 630amps
* Specification : CENELEC EN50180 & EN50181
Euromold 430TB Elbow Connectors are used with 400 Series Interface C Bushing.
1 . Piping
2. Tank Design
3. Standpipe System
4. Pump Selection & Types
For Complete FIREFIGHTING Presentation
Check out my product on Instamojo:https://www.instamojo.com/ezazsidd1993/fire-fighting-a-complete-handbook/
nVent RAYCHEM STS (Skin-Effect Trace-Heating Systems) Global Application Loca...Will Wright
Raychem Skin-Effect Trace-Heating Systems are designed with long distance pipelines in mind. This reliable solution has been implemented around the world, with 243 unique project installations. Discover some of our most successful projects with this new reference map and learn about specific project details through our customized case studies.
Erico Eritech Lightning Protection - IEC62305 Earthing Design Guide.
ERICO’s proven experience in providing grounding and bonding systems, including ground rods, ground enhancement material and signal reference grids, provides for the safe dissipation of energy.
Erico System 1000 - ESE Standard System
The ERITECH® SI Series encompasses three air terminal models and accessories that are designed to comply with the requirements of the French NFC17-102 and Spanish UNE-21186 Standards.
Erico System 2000 - Conventional Protection
ERICO offers the System 2000 series of air terminals, downconductors and fittings in accordance with Australian-AS1768, British-BS6651, Singaporean-CP33, European-IEC and USA-NFPA780 Standards.
Erico System 3000 - Enhanced Protection System
ERICO's System 3000 is a technically advanced lightning protection system. The unique features of this system allow optimum performance, flexibility of design, and overall cost-effective installation.
An overview of diagnostic tools used in RESNET testingBill Spohn
Learn about the variety of tools and test instruments that apply in RESNET standards 310 (pending) and 380. We'll cover the proper procedures as well as pros and cons of various devices.
Ceraliquid CPS41 and CPS41D with ceramic diaphragm and liquid KCl electrolyte, optional built-in temperature sensor. Email: lam.nguyen@vietan-enviro.com HP: 0945 29329
Honeywell Thermal Trends 2016 covering compressible TIM based on PCM Technology. We also examine applications and methods used as well as testing and the results of those tests.
Isolation Procedures for Safe Working on Electrical Systems and Equipment by the JIB | solation Procedures for Safe Working on Electrical Systems and Equipment
This chart shows the safe isolation procedure that you should use when working on electrical systems and equipment.
You'll receive a printed copy of this from your Training Provider, but it's also here as a handy reference to keep electronically.
THE RULES OF SAFE ISOLATION ARE:
Obtain permission to start work (a Permit may be required in some situations)
Identify the source(s) of supply using an approved voltage indicator or test lamp
Prove that the approved voltage indicator or test lamp is functioning correctly
Isolate the supply(s)
Secure the isolation
Prove the system/equipment is DEAD using an approved voltage indicator or test lamp
Prove that the approved voltage indicator or test lamp is functioning correctly
Put up warning signs to tell other people that the electrical installation has been isolated
Once the system/equipment is proved DEAD, work can begin
Uploaded by THORNE & DERRICK LV HV Jointing, Earthing, Substation & Electrical Eqpt | Explosive Atmosphere Experts & ATEX IECEx.
THORNE & DERRICK based in the UK are international distributors of LV, MV & HV Cable Installation, Jointing, Substation & Electrical Equipment.
Since 1985, T&D have established an international reputation based on SERVICE | INTEGRITY | TRUST.
Contact us for 3M, ABB, Alroc, AN Wallis, CATU, Cembre, Centriforce, CMP, CSD, Elastimold, Ellis Patents, Emtelle, Euromold, Filoform , Furse, Lucy Electric & Zodion, Nexans, Pfisterer, Polypipe, Prysmian, Roxtec, Sicame, WT Henley.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...
Training Seminar - Standards, Heat Tracing Options & Application Optimization By Thermon
1. STANDARDS, HEAT TRACING
OPTIONS, & APPLICATON
OPTIMIZATION
Richard H. Hulett Ben C. Johnson
Thermon Thermon
San Marcos, TX San Marcos, TX
PES/IAS Seminar- March 5, 2012
2. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Standards that apply to heat tracing
• How they are related
• What they address
• Recent changes
• What is next in standards
• What is next in the CEC
What You Will Learn
6. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
How They Are Related
• Development of IEEE 515 started in 1979
• Approved as an IEEE/ANSI Standard in 1983
• Revisions in 1989, 1997, 2004, and 2011
• Became basis for other H/T standards
• CSA 130-03
• IEC 62086 now IEC 60079-30
• IEEE 515.1
• IEC 62395
• Iterative approach used for harmonization
7. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
What the H/T Standards Address
Durability and Performance
• Electrical
• Mechanical
• Environmental
• Operational
Suitability in explosive atmosphere
• Minimization of an arcing source
• Heating cable surface temperature below AIT or
T-Rating
11. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Type Tests
Environmental Exposures
• Water-resistance
• Integral components resistance to
water
• Flammability
• Elevated temperature
• Chemical resistance (Division 1 only)
13. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Division 1 - Additional Testing
• Chemical exposure tests
• The heating device and any integral components shall
be exposed (completely immersed except for the
connections) to the following chemicals: acetone, ethyl
acetate, isooctane, hexane, methanol, methyl ethyl
ketone, methylene chloride, and toluene. The exposure
duration shall be 24 h. The chemical shall be maintained
at a temperature not less than 5 C below the boiling
point. Boiling points shall be obtained from NFPA 497.
14. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Type Tests
Operational
• Verification of rated output
• Verification of start-up current
• Verification of braid or sheath
conductivity
• Thermal performance benchmark
16. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Type Test –Thermal Performance Benchmark
Conditions
• The heating cable is thermally cycled
• Between the manufacturer s declared maximum maintain
temperature and 23 °C
• Minimum time dwell at each extreme temperature is 15 minutes.
• Total duration is 1500 cycles
• Following the 1500 cycles is the test for maximum intermittent
temperature rating
• The cable is exposed at the maximum rated temperature for 250
hours.
• Power ON or OFF condition during this exposure is based on the
manufacturer s rating
Acceptance Criteria:
0.75 < Pfinal / Pinitial < 1.20
18. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Minimization of an Arcing Source
IEEE 515:
Ground-fault protection of equipment
Each heating device branch circuit or each heating device shall have
ground-fault equipment protection capable of interrupting high-
impedance ground faults. This shall be accomplished by a ground-
fault equipment protective device with a nominal 30-mA trip rating or
a controller with ground-fault interruption capability for use in
conjunction with suitable circuit protection. For higher leakage
current circuits, the trip level for adjustable devices is typically set at
30 mA above any inherent capacitive leakage characteristic of the
heater as specified by the manufacturer.
19. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Minimization of an Arcing Source
NEC
427.22 Equipment Protection. Ground-fault protection of equipment
shall be provided for electric heat tracing and heating panels. This
requirement shall not apply in industrial establishments where there
is alarm indication of ground faults and the following condition apply:
(1) Conditions of maintenance and supervision ensure that only
qualified persons service the installed systems.
(2) Continued circuit operation is necessary for safe operation of
equipment of processes.
20. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Minimization of an Arcing Source
CEC
62-300 Electric surface heating
(4) Ground-fault protection shall be provided to de-energize all
normally ungrounded conductors of electric heating cable sets and
heating panel sets, with a ground fault setting sufficient to allow
normal operation of the heater.
(5) In establishments where conditions of maintenance and
supervision ensure that only qualified persons will service the
installed systems and that continued circuit operation is necessary
for safe operation of equipment or processes, alarm indications of
ground fault shall be permitted in place of the requirements of
Subrule (4).
21. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Methods to Establish Tmax sheath
Stabilized Design
• Product Classification Approach
• Unconditional
• Systems Approach
• Worst case conditions with no control (no thermostat
or limiter)
Controlled Design
• Relies on a controller or limit switch
22. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Product Classification Approach
• Primarily used for self-regulating
heating cables
• The maximum sheath temp is not
depending on design or
installation conditions
• T-rating is part of the heat tracing
cable marking
23. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Systems Approach Requirements
The maximum sheath temperature is calculated
using the following conditions:
• No control (runaway pipe temperature)
• No wind (still air)
• Maximum of heating cable output tolerance
• Overvoltage condition (110% or 120% depending
on Division or Zone)
• No safety factor for heat loss
• U-factor (sheath to pipe) for flange or valve area
24. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Uncontrolled Pipe Temperature Example
50
40
30
20
10
0 100 200 300
Nominal Power Output
Design Heat
Loss
Temperature (°C)
Power/HeatLoss(W/m)
Tamb
Min.
Tmaint.
25. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Uncontrolled Pipe Temperature Example
50
40
30
20
10
0 100 200 300
Nominal Power Output
Design Heat
Loss
Temperature (°C)
Power/HeatLoss(W/m)
Tamb
Max.
Tamb
Min.
Tmaint.
26. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Uncontrolled Pipe Temperature Example
50
40
30
20
10
0 100 200 300
Nominal Power Output
Design Heat
Loss
Temperature (°C)
Power/HeatLoss(W/m)
Heat Loss
• No Wind
• No Safety Factor
Tamb
Max.
Tamb
Min.
Tmaint.
27. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Uncontrolled Pipe Temperature Example
50
40
30
20
10
0 100 200 300
Nominal Power Output
Design Heat
Loss
Temperature (°C)
Power/HeatLoss(W/m)
Heat Loss
• No Wind
• No Safety Factor
Tamb
Max.
Tamb
Min.
Maximum Heater Power
Tmaint.
28. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Uncontrolled Pipe Temperature Example
50
40
30
20
10
0 100 200 300
Nominal Power Output
Design Heat
Loss
Temperature (°C)
Power/HeatLoss(W/m)
Heat Loss
• No Wind
• No Safety Factor
Tamb
Max.
Tamb
Min.
Maximum Heater Power
Maximum Heater Power
@ 110% V
Tmax.
Pipe
Tmaint.
29. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Predicted Max Sheath Temperature
The manufacturer s software must calculate the max
runaway pipe temperature and ΔT between the tracer
and the pipe. The sum is the maximum tracer sheath
temperature.
TSH = W/UC + TPR
If max process temperature is used if higher than runaway
pipe temperature
TSH = W/UC + TPM
30. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Systems Approach - pipe
Performed primarily for constant-
wattage and power-limiting
heating cables. Can be used
for S/R as well.
Verification for the manufacturer
to predict maximum sheath
temperature for:
• Max tolerance power output
• 110 % of rated voltage
• No wind
• Ambient temperature of 40 C
Heating cable installed per mfg
instructions
31. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Systems Approach - plate
Performed primarily for constant-
wattage and power-limiting
heating cables. Can be used
for S/R as well.
Verification for the manufacturer
to predict maximum sheath
temperature for:
• Max tolerance power output
• 110 % of rated voltage
• No wind
• Ambient temperature of 40 C
• Pipe systems test performed
to establish max pipe temp
32. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Controlled Design per IEEE 515
Controlled design reduces max sheath temp through the
use of the control/limiter set-point instead of the
runaway pipe temperature.
Controlled design- This approach requires the use of a
temperature control device to limit the maximum pipe
temperature. When using a temperature controller
without failure annunciation, a separate high-
temperature limit controller to de-energize the heating
device shall be included in with either a manual reset or
annunciation. Alternately, a single temperature
controller with failure annunciation can be used.
33. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Controlled Design per IEEE 515
6.4.5.2.3 Controlled design approach
This method is a systems approach that requires the use of a
temperature control device(s) in which the manufacturer has
demonstrated the ability to predict sheath temperatures by
conducting tests in accordance with 4.2.1. Use 40 °C maximum
ambient temperature, unless a higher ambient temperature is
specified. See Table 6 and Table 7.
The application of temperature control varies by area classification as
follows:
• Zone 0 = no electrical trace heating allowed
• Division 1 = temperature controller and high-temperature limiter
• Zone 1 = temperature controller and high-temperature limiter
• Zone 2 = temperature controller
• Division 2 = temperature controller
37. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
CSA C22.2 No.130-03 Requirements
for Resistance Heating Cables
• C.7 Temperature Classification
• C.7.1
• There are three methods that can be used to limit the
sheath temperature and establish a temperature
• classification:
• a) the product classification approach;
• b) the systems approach; and
• c) controlled design applications.
38. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
CSA C22.2 No.130-03 Requirements
for Resistance Heating Cables
4.7 Temperature Controls
Temperature switches and controls, when integral to the heating
device set, shall comply with the applicable standards, such as
C22.2 No. 24, when used as follows:
a) a combination temperature-limiting and -regulating device —
250,000 cycles endurance;
b) a temperature-regulating device used with a separate
temperature-limiting device — 100,000 cycles endurance;
c) a temperature-limiting device used with a separate temperature-
regulating device — 100,000 cycles endurance; and
d) a manual reset device — 6000 cycles.
39. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
CSA C22.2 No. 24 Temperature-Indicating
and Regulating Equipment
Testing for Temp
Controls:
• Extreme temp cycling
• Max rated current
• Calibration
• Overload endurance
• Cycling (on/off)
endurance
40. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Changes in Revised IEEE 515-2011
• Braid coverage was changed from 80% to 70% -
harmonize with IEC 60079-30
• The room temperature impact test was added –
harmonize with CSA 130-03
• For Zone 1 the mechanical type test loads were
aligned with Zone 2/Division 2 levels and the
chemical resistance test is no longer required –
align with worldwide stds for Zone 1
41. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Changes in Revised IEEE 515-2011
• Systems Approach added an alternate plate test
for verification of max heating cable sheath
temperature prediction
• Controlled Design
• Added the sensor on the heating cable and artificial
hot spot controlled design options – harmonize with
IEC 60079-30
• Required verification of the temperature offset using
the systems approach pipe sculpture
• Added Zone 1 requirements
42. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
What is next for HT Standards
• Joint development effort between IEEE 515 and
IEC 60079-30 for one IEEE/IEC standard for heat
tracing, for hazardous locations
• Working Group members composed of 515 WG
members and 79-30 MT members
• Currently at CD comment stage
• IEEE 515.1 is being balloted
• IEC 62395 is in CD stage
44. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
CSA Canadian Electrical Code System
• The Canadian Electrical Safety System consists of the
“Part l Code” for Installation Rules and the “Part 2
Standards” for Product Certifications
• Quite rigid in keeping Product requirements out of the Installation
Code
• EHT Certification reqts are in CSA C22.2 No.130-03
• The IEEE and IEC standards are somewhat different
• IEEE 515 contains Product Certification requirements, and some
Design and Installation guidance
• IEC 60079-30 is specific to explosive atmospheres and also has
Design and Installation guidance.
• IEC 60079-14 contains Installation requirements for hazardous
locations (Appendix for Electrical Tracing)
45. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
CSA C22.1, CEC Part I, Section 62
• Nov. 2011 - a major revision to CEC Section 62 has
been initiated
• Intent is to complete much of the work by June 2014 for
publishing in the 2015 CEC
• Vince Rowe retired as Chair, replaced by Tim Driscoll
• CSA ICTH – Integrated Committee on Trace Heating
• CSA Std. C22.2 (CEC Part II) No. 130, Certification
standard for Trace Heaters and Panels
• Section 62 Task Force
• Ideas/suggestions for CEC Section 62 changes
• Created a joint committee of Section 62 and
ICTH committees for this CEC major revision
46. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Scope of CEC Section 62
• Re-Defined Scope as essentially the same as it currently is
• Some changes – indicated as red italicized below
• Fixed Electric Space Heating
• Any heating system including Surface Heaters, that results in
heating of indoor rooms, directly or indirectly
• Fixed Electric Surface Heating
• Pipelines (including “gut” i.e. Internal), Tanks, Roads,
Sidewalks, Roofs, Gutters, and similar
• Freeze protection, De-icing, Temperature Maintain (elevated)
• Pipeline Resistance (change to Impedance), and add Skin
Effect and Induction Heating
• Other
• Saunas, and add Immersion Heaters
47. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
CEC Section 62 Revisions
• Re-organize
• Move existing clauses around to meet “Scope”
adjustments
• Consolidation of clauses (e.g. into general section
where possible)
• Technical revisions
• Corrections, simplify (e.g. minimize detailed
prescription)
• Harmonize as much as possible with NFPA 70 (NEC)
• Include identified additions (e.g. Skin Effect Heating)
• Review Definitions (i.e. Special Terminology)
• Update Appendix B, Notes on Rules
48. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Summary
• The three standards that apply to heat tracing in
hazardous areas are CSA 130-03, IEEE 515 and
IEC 60079-30
• Developed based on IEEE 515-1983
• Stair-step approach in harmonization
• Basically all three are the same
• H/T standards set requirements for durability
and performance in explosive atmospheres
areas
• Recent changes in IEEE 515 have been
primarily for sheath temp determination with
stabilized and controlled designs
49. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Summary
• Further harmonization in progress with IEEE/IEC
joint development effort for explosive
atmosphere H/T standard
• Canada
• Update for CSA 130-03 under consideration
• IEEE 844 (Skin Effect Systems) being revised for
possible adoption by CSA
• Major revision project for the CEC Section 62 has
been initiated
51. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Controlled Design (Limiter Reqmts)
A high-temperature limiter shall operate independently from the
temperature controller. A high-temperature limit function shall
include the following features:
• De-energize the heating device when the set point of the high-
temperature limiter is reached
• Annunciation when the high-temperature limit function is activated
• The high-limit function requires acknowledgment to be reset
• The high-limit set point of the device must be locked mechanically or
electronically to prevent unauthorized access
• A safety function that de-energizes the circuit if the temperature
sensor malfunctions
• Resetting possible only after the normal operating conditions have
been returned, or if the switching state is monitored continuously
52. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Controlled Design (Sensor Options)
The three control design methods for limiting the maximum sheath
temperature with a high-temperature limiter are as follows:
• By limiting the maximum pipe temperature. The limit sensor is
mounted directly on the pipe. Refer to 6.4.
• By using a high-temperature limiter with the sensor attached to the
trace heater that is mounted directly on the pipe. Each application
requires correlation for the specific trace heater, power output level,
and high-temperature limiter/sensor characteristics. Refer to 6.4.2.1.
• By creating an artificial hot spot. A high-temperature limiter with the
sensor attached to the trace heater that is located on an insulation
spacer on the pipe. Each application requires correlation for the
specific trace heater, power output level, high-temperature limiter/
sensor characteristics, and insulation spacer. Refer to 6.4.2.1.
54. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Trace Heater Types – advantages and limitations
Which type to use for an application
Special design considerations for S/R Trace
Heaters
Key aspects in design of pipe and vessels heating
Options for T-rating compliance
Control options
Key factors for installation and commissioning
Maintenance and troubleshooting
What You Will Learn
56. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Pin = Qloss
Tpipe > Tamb
Heat must be added
to make up for Qloss
P
Q
Why Heat Trace?
57. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Freeze Protection
(winterization)
Maintain Viscosity
Prevent Condensation
Where Heat Tracing is Needed
58. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Steam Supply and Condensate
Lines
• Safety Showers
• Instruments and Sample Lines
• Vessels & Tanks
• Pump Manifolds
• Fire Protection Lines
• Process Fluids
• Crude Oils and
Fuel Oils
• Molten Sulfur
• Asphalt/Bitumen
• Caustic Lines
• Service Air & Water
• Cryogenic Storage Tank
Foundations
Process Plant Applications
59. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Many heating and Trace Heater technologies
• No one type or approach is best for all
applications
• Trace Heating approach should be optimized
for the application
Application/Product Optimization
65. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Maximum Maintenance Temperature
• Maximum Exposure Temperature
• Continuous – Power OFF
• Intermittent
• Power OFF
• Power ON
Temperature Ratings
66. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Advantages:
• High Exposure Temperature Capabilities
(1100° F), (593°C)
• High Maintenance Temperature (up to 800° F),
(426°C)
• High Watt Densities (up to 80 w/ft.),( 266 w/m )
• Long Circuit Lengths (up to 4,000 ft.), (1220 m)
• Rugged
• Uniform Power Along Entire Length
• Easy to Monitor
• CID1/CID2 and Zone 1/ Zone 2 Certifications
(Series Constant Wattage)
67. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Limitations:
• Field Measurements Required - Generally
Custom Fabricated Circuits
• Very Difficult Field Fabricated -Difficult to
Repair
• MgO Dielectric Extremely Sensitive to
Moisture
• Relatively Inflexible - Difficult to Install
• Short Circuit Lengths - May Require
Transformer
• T-Rating for Hazardous Areas is Design-
Based
(Series Constant Wattage)
68. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Advantages:
• Maintain up to (300° F),(150 ° C)
• Withstand Exposure to (500° F),(260 ° C)
• Long Circuit Lengths up to (5000 ft.),(1525m)
• Uniform Power Along Entire Length
• Easy to Monitor
• Can be Field Terminated and Spliced
• Flexible - Easy to Install
• CID2 & Zone 1 & 2 Certifications
(Series Constant Wattage)
69. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Limitations:
• Overlapping is Not Recommended
• Power Output is Circuit-Length Dependent
(Designs Require Pipe Measurements)
• Short Circuit Lengths are Not Practical
• T-Rating for Explosive Atmospheres is
Design-Based
(Series Constant Wattage)
70. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Advantages:
• Operate at Standard Voltages
(Heater Selection is Easy)
• No Start-Up Current
• Field Fabrication (Cut-to-Length)
• Flexible - Easy to Install
• CID2, & Zone 1 & 2 Certifications
Zone (Parallel Constant Wattage)
Trace
71. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Limitations:
• Overlapping is Not Recommended
• Medium Length Circuits (<1,500 ft.),(455m)
• Require Some Care During Installation
• T-Rating for Explosive Atmospheres is
Design-Based
Zone (Parallel Constant Wattage)
Trace
72. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Advantages:
• Field Fabrication (Cut-to-Length)
• Operate at Standard Voltages
• Flexible - Easy to Install
• Adjust Power Output to Surroundings
• PTC Heating Element
• Cannot Overheat
• CID1/CID2 , & Zone 1 & 2 Certifications
• T-Rating for Explosive Atmospheres is
Independent of Application
Self-Regulating Tracing (Parallel
PTC)
73. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Limitations:
• Medium Length Circuits (<1,000 ft.),
(300m)
• Higher Start-Up Currents
• Lower Power Densities at Higher
Maintenance Temperatures
• Heater Element has Temperature
Exposure Limitations
Self-Regulating Tracing (Parallel
PTC)
74. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Advantages:
• Maintain up to (300° F),(150°C)
• High Exposure Temperature (up to 500° F),
(260°C)
• Power Reduces as Temperature Increases
• PTC Heating Element
• Operate at Standard Voltages
• Field Fabrication Cut-to-Length
• Can be Overlapped
• Flexible - Easy to Install
• CID1/CID2 & Zone 1& 2 Certifications
Power-Limiting Tracing (Parallel
PTC)
75. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Limitations:
• Medium Length Circuits (<1,000 ft.),(300m)
• Require Some Care During Installation
• T-Rating for Explosive Atmospheres is
Design-Based
Power-Limiting Tracing (Parallel
PTC)
76. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Advantages:
• Very Long Circuit Lengths (up to 7.5 Miles),
(12km)
• Few Power Connection Points - Reduced
Costs
• High Maintenance Temperature (300° F)
(150°C)
• High Power Densities (up to 50 w/ft.),(167w/m)
• High Exposure Temperature (500° F),(260°C)
• Very Rugged - High Durability
Skin Effect Current Tracing
77. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Limitations:
• Special Transformer Required
• Factory Design Necessary
• Not Practical for Complex Piping
• Valves
• Flanges
Skin Effect Current Tracing
78. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• MI Heating Cables
• Polymer Insulated Heating Cables
• Zone Heating Cables
• Self-Regulating Heating Cables
• Power-Limiting Heating Cables
• Skin Effect Heating System
Which one to use???
Heat Tracing Product Types
79. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• In-Plant Complex Piping
• Interconnecting Piping
• Product Transfer Pipelines
• High Temperature
Applications
Identify the Application
80. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Typically Consists of:
• Piping Runs Less Than
(500ft),(150m)
• Multiple Pipe Diameters
• Numerous Inline
Equipment
• Valves
• Pumps
• Strainers
In-Plant Complex Piping
82. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Self-Regulating Cables
Maintain and Exposure Temperatures Determine Cable Selection
Uses: Process Temperature
Maintenance and Freeze
Protection
Max. Maintain 300°F, 150°C
Max. Exposure 450°F,232°C
T-Rating: T3
Uses: Process Temperature
Maintenance and Freeze
Protection
Max. Maintain 250°F, 121°C
Max. Exposure 415°F, 212°C
T-Rating: T3/T2
Uses: Freeze Protection and
Low to Moderate Temperature
Maintenance
Max. Maintain 150°F, 65°C
Max. Exposure 185°F, 85°C
T-Rating: T6
Primary Application: Complex Piping Within Process Units
83. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Typically Consists of:
• Pipe Runs 500ft. to 5,000ft.
150m to 1525m
• Minimal Inline Equipment
• Consistent Heat Loss Along
Entire Length
Interconnecting Piping
84. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Ckt. #6
Pipe -- 500 m
Ckt. #1 Ckt. #2 & 3 Ckt. #4 & 5
Does This Happen?
Isn t This Better?
Pipe – 500 m
Ckt. #1
Long Line Trace Heating
85. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Series Constant Wattage
Heating Cables
• 1,500ft. to 5,000ft, 450m to
1525m Circuits
• Single Phase
• Three Phase
• Uniform Power Along Entire Circuit Length
• Over sizing of Power Distribution Not Necessary
• Easy to Monitor
Interconnecting Piping
86. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Series Constant Wattage
Cable
• Characteristics :
• Maintains up to 230 °F (110°C)
• Withstands up to 400°F (204°C) (power-
off)
• 2 and 3 Conductor Versions
Primary Application: Freeze Protection and
Temperature Maintenance of Interconnecting Piping
Interconnecting Piping
87. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Typically Consists of:
• Pipe Runs 1,000ft, 300m
to Several Miles (kms)
• Minimal Inline
Equipment
• Consistent Heat Loss
Along Entire Length
• Power Availability Only
at Ends
Product Transfer Piping
88. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Skin Effect Conductor
• Sized for Specific Application
Based on:
• Circuit length
• Power (heat) requirements
• Electrical Insulation
• Fluoropolymer and Polyolefin Options
• Specific polymer based on application
temperature requirements
• Insulation thickness based on voltage
• Additional Scuff Jacket Where Required
Skin Effect Systems
89. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Skin Effect Systems are Adaptable to Site
Requirements
Above Grade
Above & Below Grade
Below Grade
Product Transfer Piping
90. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
Typically Consists of:
• Process or Byproduct
Lines
• Short to Moderate
Runs
• High Watt Per Foot
Requirements
High Maintain or Exposure Temperatures
91. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Power-Limiting Heating
Cables
• Maintain temperature
between 180 - 300 °F,
(82-150°C)
• Cut-to-Length Circuitry
• Can be overlapped
High Maintain or Exposure
Temperatures
92. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• Mineral Insulated (MI)
Heating Cables
• Maintain between 300 -
800°F, (150-425°C)
• Maximum temp exposures
greater than 500 °F,
(260°C)
• Watt densities greater
than 20 W/ft, (65w/m)
High Maintain or Exposure
Temperatures
93. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
• In-Plant Complex Piping
• Interconnecting Piping
• Product Transfer Pipelines
• High Temperature Applications
• FrostHeave Prevention
• Deicing and Anti-icing
Recommend the Best and Most
Cost Effective Solution
94. PES/IAS Seminar 3-2012
HeatTracing Cable Selection Guide
Temperature Considerations
Job Site
Considerations/
Applications
Temperatures 40°
to 150°F
(4° to 66°C)
Temperatures 150° to
250°F
(66° to 121°C)
with or without
Steam
Temperatures
50° to 150°F
(10° to 66°C)
with Steam
to 366°
Temperatures 200° to
300°F
(93° to 149°C)
Exposures 400° to
500°F
(204° to 260°C)
Exposures
Higher than 500°F (260°C)
In-Plant Complex
Piping Circuits
shorter than 500ft
(150m)
Self-Regulating Cable
Power-Limiting Cable
Mineral Insulated Cable
Interconnecting
Straight Piping
Circuits from 500ft.
(150m) to 1000ft.
(300m)
Parallel ConstantWattage Cable
Power-Limiting Cable
Mineral Insulated Cable
Interconnecting
Piping Circuits from
1000ft.(300m) to
5000ft.(1500m)
Flexible Series Heating Cable
Mineral Insulated Cable
ProductTransfer
Lines Circuits longer
than 5000ft. (1500m)
Skin Effect Heating Cable
Mineral Insulated Cable