This document discusses various tools used for measurement in both metric and English systems. It describes steel rules, outside and inside calipers, combination squares, micrometers, vernier calipers, and bevel protractors. It also provides examples of how to take measurements using a micrometer and vernier caliper in metric units. Finally, it briefly mentions other measuring tools like steel tapes, drill gages, thickness gages, and angle gages.

1. MEASUREMENT

2. BASIC MEASUREMENT Metric or International Systems Units (SI) English or Engineering Systems of Units

3. INCH-METRIC COMPARISONS 1 yd = 36 in. 1 m = 39.37 in. 1000 m = 1 km 1 km = 0.621 mi 1 mi = 1.609 km

4. STEEL RULES Metric steel rules are usually graduated in millimeters and half-millimeter, are used for making linear metric measurements which do not require great accuracy.

5. MEASURING LENGTHS The rule must be held parallel to the edge of the work piece; otherwise, the measurement will not be accurate.

6. OUTSIDE CALIPERS Outside calipers are tools used to measure the outside surface of either round or flat work. The outside spring joint caliper is most commonly used because it can easily be adjusted.

7. INSIDE CALIPERS Inside calipers are used to measure the diameter of holes or the with of keyways and slots.

8. MACHINIST’S COMBINATION SQUARE The combination square is the basic tool used by the machinist for quickly checking 90 and 45° angles.

9. MICROMETER CALIPERS or MICROMETERS

10. PARTS OF MICROMETER CALIPER Used to measuring instrument when accuracy is required . Anvil Spindle Sleeve Thimble Ratchet Stop Frame

11. METRIC MICROMETER 5 lines is shown on the sleeve 1 lines below the index line 28 lines on the thimble 5 x 1 = 5.00 1 x 0.50 = 0.50 28 x 0.01 = 0.28 Total Reading = 5.78 mm

12. VERNIER CALIPERS

13. Parts of Vernier Caliper Vernier Scale Fixed Jaw Movable Jaw Bar

14. METRIC VERNIER CALIPER

15. METRIC VERNIER CALIPER The large #10 on the bar Two full line past the #10 graduation The #3 line of the vernier scale coincides with a line on the bar. 10 x 1 = 10 2 x 1 = 2 3 x 0.1 = 0.18 Total Reading = 12.3 mm

16. UNIVERSAL BEVEL PROTRACTOR A precision instrument capable of measuring angles to within 0.083° Protractor dial Vernier scale Clamp nut Sliding Blade

17. OTHER MEASURING TOOLS

18. STEEL RULES Flexible Steel Tape Folding Steel Rule Flexible Steel Rule

19. DRILL GAGE Drill Gage

20. THICKNESS GAGE Thickness Gage

21. ANGLE GAGE Angle Gage