Hcse 210 Interaction Design Research Paper

Hcse 210 Interaction Design Research Paper
HCDE 210 Sprint 02: Interaction Design Brainstorming in Stuidio This week, we discussed about
Interaction Design, which is a process of designing that consider the interactions between users and
products. We were going to design mobile application for citizen scientists. The topic for our mobile
application is plant health in King County. After brainstorming, I decided to design for people who
want to help scientists to find living area for different kinds of rare plants in king county. My target
users are people who are interested in protecting rare plants or garden club members. If they see a
rare plant in the park someday, they can use my app to summit information to scientists. The users
can use the app to report the locations of the rare plants that they found to the scientists. They will
earn free seeds if they apply more than 10 plants' location information. When I designed, I need to
pay attention to numeric/sensor data, textual information, motivation, navigation, and wildcards. To
be honest, I barely know about rare plants before task, so I design a function called "Search" to help
people like me identify rare plants by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Devices are changing people's lifestyles. People work and communicate with devices, which people
couldn't have even imagined 100 years ago. Interaction Design makes users' lives more convenient
by analyzing the relationship between people and devices. Interaction Design will mostly used for
web and mobile applications now because users always interact with them in daily life. Especially,
the navigation in a mobile application can make people's life easier. For example, in Gmail mobile
application, emails can be achieved by swiping, so that people don't need to waste their time to read
those unimportant email. Also, the designers can attract more users by unique Interaction Design.
For example, snapchat's face filters help them increase users'
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

The Benefits Of New Media And Technology
What is the self in the digital age? One might say that their true online self is on Facebook, or
MySpace, or maybe Instagram. The splintering of the self into multiple versions illustrates a desire
to see what one can be online. Truly, new media and technology has allowed one to find their true
inner self, whether that reflect their real self in real life or not. Yet, not everyone sees these disparate
selves with optimism. Sherry Turkle and Natasha Schüll see the growth of new media and
technology as detrimental to the formation of our true selves and both critically analyze specific
cases where it can be harmful. I, however, disagree with the sentiment that new media and
technology is something inherently harmful. Although they can certainly be misused, the benefits of
these digital innovations can, when applied with critical understanding, outweigh the negatives
brought up by Turkle and Schüll. First, Turkle argues that social media is preventing adolescents
from dedicating time to self–reflection and replacing face to face communication with online
communication. Turkle states in her book, Alone Together, that teens "need time to discover
themselves, time to think. But technology, put in the service of always–on communication and
telegraphic speed and brevity, has changed the rules of engagement with all of this." Here, Turkle
state that since social media is easily accessible and immediate, teenagers will be compelled to
interact online, instead of taking the

Mud Blindness
Method
Participants
We recruited 18 undergraduate students from a California State University using general class
announcements and one campus posting. Participants were offered academic credit or extra credit
for participating. There were 3 men and 15 women with ages that ranged from 20–27, (M = 22.89,
SD = 1.84).
Materials
We used the mud–splash paradigm to examine change blindness. Each trial consisted of two
Microsoft PowerPoint images. The first image was of a natural scene and almost identical to the
second image, but a small object was removed from the central area of the scene in the changed
image. Additionally the changed image was nmasked with several high contrast mud–splash's,
similar to previous research studies that have used the mud–splash paradigm (O'Regan et al., 1999),
and covered 10%, 20%,, or 40% of the scene. Using Microsoft PowerPoint ... Show more content on
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This may have yielded better results, but only when combined with the audio shadowing task. These
results indicated a floor effect because of the insensitive levels of mud–splash and the interaction
only at the 40% mud–splash level. Future research using this design should include sensitive levels
with the minimum level of mud–splash distraction to 40% and increase the range of conditions
(Rensink et al., 1997). The results were similar on a multi–modal study where participants
completed a verbal counting task at the same time as a visual search task. Only when the task
became cognitively demanding a significant difference was observed, (Most, 2005). The perception
of change in a scene requires a person to have attended to relevant stimuli and encoded the
information into working memory. Moreover visual change detection occurs when a person has
given attention to something. Yet change blindness occurs because attention had failed to encode the
necessary information for change detection to occur (Rensink, et al.,

Nice Work: Victor Wilcox's Development as a Result of...
The development and changes in life and personality of Victor Wilcox throughout the novel as a
result of interaction with Robyn Penrose.
David Lodges' books sell throughout the world in multitudes of copies. Many different
characteristics of his style of writing gave rise to this success. His style is light, although reading his
novels may be quite a challenge in terms of vocabulary for a non–native speaker of English. His
favourite subject matter is the world of academics. It is always a source for an original set of
characters and a bunch of grotesque situations. Some of his books focus only on the circle of
society. `Small world' ridicules relations and customs of this closed world of lecturers. `British
Museum is falling ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He has a dark brown eyes and a square face. His hair brown, but already flecked with grey. He
usually dresses in one of his six suits which are a constant object of contempt of his eldest son. `If
that's the charcoal grey worsted, it must be Tuesday'.2 Additionally, his life story reflects also the
same way of ordering things. Since his graduation his mind has been fully engrossed in developing
his professional career. His biography presents the stages that he went through to finally become the
managing director of J Pringle & Sons Casting and General Engineering. What is more, we will not
find in his biography any traces of diverging from this chosen root. Even in the short moments of
reflection over his condition he concludes that `somebody has to earn a living in this family'.3 This
rational attitude applies both to his work and to his private life. He took on himself a role of a
breadwinner. Although he still disapproves of his wife sleeping till noon or his eldest son lazing
around, he ceased trying to change it. He is certain that `she (his wife) has no intention of carrying
out his instructions'.4 Wilcox treats the spreading gulf between him and each member of his family
as something inevitable and irreparable. In that respect, his worries are not the one of the family, but
are connected solely with work. The factory that Victor

I Should Work On Improve Future Interactions
This exercise was definitely an eye–opener for me on what I should work on to improve future
interactions. The whole process of the feedback was a little hard to listen to but each step was
necessary to get good honest feedback. Next comes processing the information and seeing what
things I need to work on to become a better leader with the interactions of hearing thoughts on these
words. The final step was to figure out a SMART goal that I could use to improve on the liabilities
and build off the assets. There is no doubt that this project could be very informative in getting
ahead in my professional career and life.
The Feedback Interaction
The first step was gathering key words that describe the way my classmates saw how my interaction
went. I would like to say that I commend my classmates for all their honesty and criticism because
throughout the interactions in class, they were not shy in giving good feedback, whether good or
bad. Initially some of the words that came up during the first step were hard to listen to because I
did not think that a group of people could get my personality and habits after just a few hours of
roleplaying. I was wrong, they had me pegged on a few things that I knew I had faults with but tried
to hide.
When we moved to the second step of saying whether each word was a positive or a negative it was
interesting seeing some of the things that I would think as a positive show up as a negative. I had to
wonder where the words like unaggressive

The Nature Of Discovery In The Virgin Suicides By Sofia...
Discovery is often provoked when the actions of others act as a catalyst, often stimulating personal
growth. However, the ramifications are dependent on individual perceptions and the unique context
they bring to the process. These ideas are amplified by Shakespeare's Jacobean romance The
Tempest, with its array of characters who dramatise this instability through diverse human responses
contrasting to the antagonizing nature of discovery. 1999 American drama film, The Virgin Suicides
by Sofia Coppola, reflects the collective consciousness of a group reminiscing on past experiences
and interactions, opening them to discover personal potential. This process acts as a catalyst for an
evaluation of the impact of change, leading to new discoveries. In exploring composer's
representations of discoveries, individuals learn the symbiotic relationships of new insights and their
intrinsic value.
Discoveries that are catalysed by unexpected an unprecedented human interaction, are often the
most powerful and lead to immense personal growth. Thus understanding emerges through a range
of dramatic forms and features within The Tempest, As the title suggests the work revolves around
an extended metaphor, partly concerned with the forces of nature, evident from the very opening of
the play as Prospero's elaborate scheme to inflict vengeance on his usurpers in a manner much like
the chaotic nature of a storm or "tempest." As such, Prospero's, lack of empathy and self–awareness
is reflected

A Research Study On Service Encounters
Service Encounters The interactions between various people can help explain social and cultural
differences, which overall allow us to gather information on the wide expanse of ideologies that
people from different economic and ethnic backgrounds hold and believe. Throughout this research
project I was able to build off of what I had learned from Benjamin Bailey's study and conduct
something similar to experience firsthand what beneficial information can be obtained from
observing various service encounters. Understanding that not every person feels the same way about
how certain social interactions should be carried out is important. This enables us to realize that
some interactions may come off as disrespectful, ill mannered, or ... Show more content on
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They were both white males of average height and build. Quickly after listening to the beginning of
their conversation, it was clear they knew one another.
Example 1:
1. Attendant: How's it going?
2. Customer: It's going good bro, what about you?
3. Attendant: Going good, how's ASU?
4. Customer: Pretty good, I'm getting through it. *Light chuckle*
5. Attendant: Well I'm glad to hear it, hope you have a good night.
6. Customer: You too man.
It was apparent that they had exchanged conversations maybe several times in the past and were on
more personal terms, where they knew things about one another. That was the first interaction I
witnessed that day, between the attendant and a customer that included a conversation that seemed
more informal and casual. My second example took place in the Mexican restaurant, Los Taquitos,
and the interaction I observed was between a young women and an older male. The attendant looked
around 16–18 and was a Mexican American woman. The customer seemed to be in his late 60's and
was a Native American man who was in a wheelchair. They had a polite conversation and seemed to
be previously acquainted.
Example 2:
1. Attendant: Hey Liam, how are you today?
2. Customer: Hi Alexa, I'm doing fine.
3. Attendant: Lengua burrito?
4. Customer: Of course, and can you add four sides of pico?
5. Attendant: Mhmm, where's your wife today?
6. Customer: Oh she had an old friend

Analysis on Digital Media Participation: How Fans Interact...
Digital Media Participation: How Fans Interact Online is a short documentary about how fans show
their support to their celebrity idols with the emergence of social media. Our group chose this topic
because we notice how fans show their support by going to mall shows or by using certain hashtags
on Twitter and make them trend worldwide. This documentary film aims to change the perspective
people have on fans that they are cheap, desperate, and low class. With this interactivity and
digitalization come a new form of community that sprouted from the computer–mediated
communication (CMC) (McQuail 150–51), the virtual community. According to McQuail, this
virtual community "can be formed by any number of individuals by way of the Internet at their own
choice" (150) and "usually based on some common interest" (150). Fan clubs before are known to
be supporters who would go to shows, guestings, and tapings of their idols but now fan clubs could
also sprout online. Fans have used new media to interact with co–fans who have obviously have the
same interests (their idol or idols). By then, a public sphere would emerge in the new media. What is
interesting in the documentary is that some of the fans we interviewed are not really good at
interacting personally but are able to make friends online because of the people who understand
them and of what they call now as "feels" (a superlative form of having so much feelings towards
someone or something). With mostly narrations about the

The Curious Incident Of The Dog In The Nighttime Essay
The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime is a fictional story about a boy named Christopher
who has behavioral problems. One night Christopher finds his neighbor's dog murder and sets out to
find who killed him. Christopher's investigation takes him to London to meet his mother. As
Christopher travels to London he meets many different people and through his interactions with
others he is able to develop and become more independent. Christopher developed and his
interactions with other characters indicated that he developed his interactions with other and became
more independent. Mark Haddon develops Christopher in a way that proves he is more independent
and he is able to interact with people better than before. In contrast to ... Show more content on
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Unlike his interactions with strangers, Christopher started out trusting his father but as time went on
he lost that trust.. Christopher was able to forgive his father even though he lied to him.
Christopher's father lied to him about killing Wellington and after that Christopher lost all his trust
in his father. He didn't even feel safe around his father. "That meant he could murder me, because I
couldn't trust him, even though he had said "trust me" because he had told a lie about a big thing."
Christopher runaway from home to find his mother and live with her because he could no longer
trust his father. When he was on the train he was trying to figure out where he could live, but he
refused to go back home. He was too afraid of his father and what his father might do to him. When
Christopher and his mother packed up and left her house in London she tells Christopher that he is
going back home. Christopher, being afraid of his father, refuses to talk to him or even acknowledge
him. He went straight up to his room puts a dresser in front of his door and studied for his A level
math test. Slowly, Christopher begun to get more and more comfortable with his father. His mother
encouraged Christopher to listen to what his father had to said and eventually Christopher argued.
His father apologized for lying to him and asked Christopher to learn trust him again. Christopher
had gained enough independence to make his own decisions and he

Technology And The Field Of Education Essay
With improved living conditions, healthcare, communication, and evolution of human intelligence,
technological advancement in the world today has grown to unprecedented levels. For example, as a
result of technology, patients can remotely interact with medics located in different parts of the
world through telehealth/telemedicine. In the field of education, students do not necessarily need to
visit libraries to access books. There are several soft copies of books online that they can access
from the comfort of their desktop computers, laptops, or even mobile phones. On a more advanced
level, learning does not necessarily have to occur only through reading books and other traditionally
accepted academic sources. The internet is awash with educational information that is typically the
most up to date source. In her article "Project Classroom Makeover," Davidson discusses the
potential shift in paradigm presented by technological advancement in the field of education. She
argues that with technological advancement, it is no longer necessary to have students sit in class
and wait to be guided, instructed, and examined by experts. On the other side, Sherry Turkle
discusses the human–machine interaction in her work "Selections from Alone Together: Why We
Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other" as an aspect of the changing paradigm.
Nafisi's article "Selection from Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books" then presents a
society deficient of modern technology. The

Essay On Physical Contact
Physical Contact in the Arab World vs. the West
Bayader Al–Ghamdi
Effat University
Junior Year
GSEM 200
Introduction: Physical contact is a form of communication that requires no verbal communication or
writing in order to be understood although it may differ from one country and culture to another.
Body language is considered to be a silent form of communications that succeeds to deliver an idea
or a message.Most of the time, hand gestures and physical contact are known to be more effective
than words. "The most important thing in communication is hearing what is not said." (Peter
Durocher, 1967, p2). Such as, a wide smile on a child's face can say more than a thousand words
could ever say. Thus, there are many forms of nonverbal communications that touch the deep sense
of humanity. Physical interaction is one of the most essential factors of human communication.
Generally, it is considered as a strong form of communication. "The human body is the best picture
of the human soul", Ludwig Wittgenstein. Physical contact can help an individual gain another
person's trust over a short period of time. However, it is still a complex topic because it differs from
one culture to another. Each culture has its own traditions and ideologies. Furthermore, in some
culture, certain forms of physical contact are considered forbidden, offensive or taboo. This paper
aims to answer the following questions: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2– If there is one, how far is it?
3– How to overcome this gap or at least minimize it? The purpose of studying cultures and their
differences is to guide and teach us how to successfully communicate with people from different
countries and also how to learn and benefit from their cultures and ways of thinking. The publishers
classified their work according to their studies, analysis, and

Attractiveness As A Long Term Romantic Partner
Attractiveness ratings as a short–term and a long–term romantic partner, as well as an opposite–sex
friend and a friend to other opposite–sex people are shown in Fig.1 (women's rating for
attractiveness of male dates) and Fig.2 (men's rating for attractiveness of female dates). In Fig.1 and
Fig.2, it is noteworthy that men considered even low willing female dates as attractive as more than
5 out of 10 in the scales, but women never gave men with low willingness such high ratings in all
four categories of attractiveness.
A three–way 2 (Sex: Women vs. Men) x 3 (Willingness: Willing vs. Control vs. Unwilling) x 3
(Ability: Strong vs. Average vs. Weak) between–subjects Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was
conducted to evaluate the effects of sex, willingness, ability on four forms of attractiveness. Sex had
significant main effects on all four forms of attractiveness (as a short–term partner, F_(1,694) =
118.80, p < .001; as a long–term partner, F_(1,694) = 40.39, p < .001; an opposite–sex friend,
F_(1,694) = 32.67, p < .001; as a friend to other opposite–sex people, F_(1,694) = 33.33, p < .001).
Male participants gave significantly higher ratings for all kinds of attractiveness of a female date.
There were main effects of willingness to protect on all four forms of attractiveness (as a short–term
partner, F_(2,694) = 104.72, p < .001; as a long–term partner, F_(2,694) = 209.02, p < .001; an
opposite–sex friend, F_(2,694) = 189.22, p < .001; as a friend to other opposite–sex

The Main Duty Of A Pharmacist
The main duty of a pharmacist is to counsel patients and optimize their medication therapy. In order
to carry out this responsibility, a pharmacist has to develop a relationship with the patient.
Establishing an interpersonal relationship with patients requires the understanding of three concepts:
initiating, sustaining and terminating the interpersonal relationship.
When it comes to initial contact with a person, typically the primary objective is to initiate a
relationship and get to know the person better. An article written by Marcia Alesan Dawkins titled
"How it's Done: Using Hitch as a Guide to Uncertainty Reduction Theory," discusses how one can
effectively reduce uncertainty when initiating relationships. According to the article, there are three
conditions that involve uncertainty reduction. The first is a person's perception of "reward and
punishment". When individuals encounter somebody for the first time, they typically try to find out
whether that person has the potential to reward them by giving a positive experience or whether that
person can punish them, giving them a negative experience. The next condition is a person's
perceived expected behavior. If an individual walks up to somebody and expects to be greeted
warmly, but instead is given the cold shoulder, this will increase the amount of uncertainty present
between the two. Finally, the third condition the article mentions is when a person expects future
interactions. If an individual expects to

Interdependence Theory Reflection
Saturday, it is the second night of the Italian Heritage festival here in Clarksburg, West Virginia. My
fellow bartenders and I completed a sixteen hour shift the day before. That Friday of the festival had
gone smooth; we worked extremely well together and customers gave us no complications
throughout the evening. I could tell as everyone began to roll in for this shift, things would not run
like they had the night before. The night before, everyone was bright eyed and dressed up in hopes
to make as much money as possible. Today, on the other hand, a couple walked in with bags under
their eyes, looking like the bar was the last place on they wanted to be. Myself, I understand no
matter how I am feeling I must present myself the way the customers want me to be in order to
make money. Typically, I am the motivator of my peers, the spunk, the go–getter of my co–workers:
Mason, Erica, and Macey. My role in this group is to keep everyone encouraged and energetic
throughout the rest of the night. Through this interaction, the interdependence theory
conceptualization can be interpreted. Each member has their own role throughout the shift. Mason
keeps all the beer stocked in the entire bar. Macey is to keep dry products are supplied at access.
Erica makes sure all necessary fruit is kept cut. My role is to maintain full liquor bottles. I noticed
everyone kept up with their respected role, which in turn kept the shift running smoothly. There
were a few times one member would have

Reality Changes From People Across The World
Reality changes from person to person. Whether something is real or not is determined through the
individual. One may think it's true whereas the other may believe differently. It is common to form
misconceptions on a subject that is relatively new and upcoming. Sports are generally one of the
most common ways we conquer boredom. This entertainment involves, according to the Oxford
Dictionary, physical exertion as well as brain stimulation. With technology emerging, the online
gaming industry has become a vast media culture. Connecting millions across the world, the online
gaming world provides users with an interactive database which engages both their body and their
intellect. Gamers learn to utilize their problem solving skills and are forced to come up with
strategies that require quick decisions. E sports encourage participants to train their brains so that
they are able to deliver a rapid response in certain situations. Gamers face a great deal of pressure as
they conform to the world of entertainment and competition. Therefore, E sports should be
considered real as online gamers and sports athletics both provide an audience with a source of
entertainment as well as being competitive.
The entertainment industry provides its audience a way to release tension by showcasing various
talents that stimulate the brain. Audiences enjoy watching the players practice and so for online
games, such as the popular games known as League of Legends, gamers stream themselves training.

A Research on Interaction Design
Within this essay i will be writing about interaction design i will cover my chosen subject in detail
via the extensive research i have gathered. I will define and analyse interaction design using key
examples of this design practise both historical and contemporary.
I have chosen to focus my essay on interaction design as I've recently finished a project on wave
two witch my final out come was a design/ prototype for an interactive phone application that
allowed the user to get advise on editing there CV in order to improve there chances of getting work.
I focused my design to be simple to use in hope that every user would be able to understand on how
to easterly with out any confusion navigate the app when using it. I have always been aware about
interactive ensign but that was the first time i practised it myself.
from the information i have gathered and what i have know before my definition interaction design
is pretty much built of the basis of graphic design itself you need to have fundamental skills of
knowing how to use the colour theory, typography, follow the grid, point line and form most or even
all the techniques used in graphic design. Where as technology has improved these days interactive
design has never been used so much as it is today. Being used on loads of new interactive devices
such as, tablets computers, net books, phones iPhones blackberries apps, television, ATM machines,
computer games, travel card machines, social networks, blogs,

Children And Screen Time : Children 's Development
Children and Screen Time
With new technology and advances in education it is no wonder the use of computers, iPads, and
other devices are trickling into the daily life of our younger generations. Perhaps these advances
could be doing more harm than providing the enriching education parents and schools think they
are. There are now elementary schools where every child has their own iPad and middle schools
with Chrome Books the students can take home. Even paper textbooks are being replaced with
electronic versions. The use of technology moving forward with education needs to be balanced
with critical factors involving a child's development. Children must be separated from constant
attachment to screens to properly learn and develop necessary social skills to become adults who are
able to interact and communicate. There's no doubt new electronic learning programs designed for
children can be engaging and serve as purposeful learning tools. Although, through research
preformed, the real problem could be the amount of time children are spending staring at screens.
Interaction and social skills, well known to be essential in child's development, often stem from play
time with friends and exploring outside. Now, with technology being used for even more than
intended, babies are being soothed with iPads, phones, and being babysat with TV's. Exploration
and true childlike playfulness is dwindling. Pediatric occupational therapist Chris Rowan states: "As
children reach the age of

Data And Method, Laporta's Legal Environment Database, And...
Data and Method
I use five datasets: Worldscope, Capital IQ, ADR database, Laporta's legal environment database,
and Hofstede's national culture indexes. In this work, I use Worldscope to obtain data on a firm's
financial information and capital IQ to find the information on CEO turnover. Through this research,
I found the list of cross–listed firms at the Bank of New York and Citibank's ADR directory. I have
three measures for cross listing. ADR contains all cross–listing's in U.S. with the high ADR
containing cross listings in the NASDAQ, NYSE. and AMEX. Capital dummy contains those ADRs
where capital was raised. Canadian companies listed on U.S. exchanges are all considered High
ADR. I merge my data from the Worldscope, Capital IQ, and ... Show more content on
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Size is the lagged logarithm of Total Asset in U.S. dollar. Performance is net income over total
Asset, both lagged and in U.S. dollar.
Power distance index (PDI), as Geert Hofstede explains, is "this dimension expresses the degree to
which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed
unequally." Power distance index dummy is equal to 1 if PDI is greater than U.S. PDI, otherwise it
is zero. I expect the PDI to have a negative significant coefficient in model 1 and I expect a negative
coefficient for the interaction term for countries with a higher PDI than the U.S. and a positive
coefficient for the interaction term for firms from countries with lower PDI than the U.S.
Long Term Orientation Index measures whether people in a country are focused on a long–time or
short–term horizon. Hofstede explains, "in the business context and in our country comparison tool
this dimension is related to as "(short term) normative versus (long term) pragmatic" (PRA)." The
U.S. LTO dummy is equal to 1 if the LTO is greater than U.S. LTO or is equal to zero otherwise. I
expect LTO to have a negative significant coefficient in model 1. In model 2, I expect a negative
coefficient of the interaction term for countries with higher LTO than the U.S. and a positive
coefficient of the interaction term for firms from countries with a lower LTO than the U.S.
Civil/Common dummy is equal to 1 if the country's legal system is based on the civil

The Advantages Of Online Cybersback
Online peer feedback
Researchers have identified how peer feedback in cyberspace retains the advantage of traditional
written feedback as students put words together to write about writing. As Mark Mabrito (1991) put
it, "the situation demands not only writing but also the skillful verbalization of one's thoughts and
ideas about writing and a peer's text" (p. 510). When focusing on writing in cyberspace, students, in
Jennifer Jordan–Henley and Barry M. Maid's (1995) words, "are released from much of the
responsibility that a face–to–face encounter sometimes forces on them. They are not affected, for
instance, by students with bad breath, or by students who make them uncomfortable in some vague
way, or by students who are angry with a teacher" (p. 212). Releasing from these kinds of
responsibilities in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It should be considered that Honeycutt's observations refer to online conferencing, and the use of
other methods such as MicrosoftWord documents would have provided more possibilities for
making explicit references like highlighting or inserting comments. Clark and Brennan (1991)
regarded the more document–related referencing in providing written feedback as a fundamental
demand for communication in online peer feedback. When the students are obliged to concentrate
on making coherent comments in a text–only environment, the advantages of traditional written
feedback will be retained in online peer feedback for improving of meta–language and awareness of
written communication. Implying the nature of textuality in online peer feedback refers to the
differences between asynchronous and synchronous conferencing. Both are electronic
communications. Asynchronous conferencing is closer to textuality and reduces interactivity owing
to the absence of nonverbal cues and the delay of interaction (Braine, 2001; Liu & Sadler, 2003;
Tuzi, 2004), whereas synchronous or real–time peer feedback is closer to orality and has quick
exchanges and personal

Ray Bradbury's The Pedestrian
In 2014, a statistic from Recode Research found that 90% of United States households have three or
more technological devices pinging in the internet. Devices such as phones and tablets are so
psychologically powerful that they not only change how humans act, but how humans communicate.
The short story titled, The Pedestrian, written by Ray Bradbury, offers a glance into the future,
depicting Leonard Mead, who takes long walks every evening in a society that only lives for
watching tv. In another story called August 2026: There Will Come Soft Rains, also written by
Bradbury, displays life within a technologically advanced household. A third story also written by
Bradbury titled The Veldt, is based upon an interactive nursery within a technologically ... Show
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The use of communication technology allows humans to get used to doing less. Sherry Turkle, a
TED Talk speaker, informs people of how technology causes people to be connected, but alone. Her
analysis of solitude shows the audience that humanity is unable to reach out to other people and
form real attachments. Turkle states "People can't get enough of each other, if and only if they can
have each other at a distance, in amounts that they can control. I call it The Goldilocks Effect." The
Goldilocks Effect refers to the habits of humans wanting each other not too close, not too far, but
just right. This effect, and other consequences from communication technology, proves that humans
expect more from technology than from each other. Humans find it easier to keep to themselves
rather than to participate in social interaction. The continued use of technological devices
encourages distance between humans. Communication technology may never be used the intended
way as a helping aid, rather, it is used as a replacement to human interaction and

Communication : The Importance Of Communication In Primary...
It is commonly observed in children at their primary education level that conversation among their
peers does not always take a pattern and as such; respect of their peers is not given a proper
attention. However, interactions among pupil or students and their teachers in school used to be in
turn, when the teacher speaks; it is not expected for the pupil to interrupt his/her discussion, the
pupil listen to the teacher and take a turn on his own response to what he's been asked, where this
rule is not followed; then the respect expected from pupil/students to their teacher is compromised.
Example of this is When children enter first grade, they are often told they must raise their hands
before speaking. The rule is: "You may not speak unless the teacher gives you permission." The
symbol by which the rule is implemented–by which permission is requested and gained–is the
upraised hand. When new children are admitted into the class, such admitted student is expected to
learn this process of turn taking, violations of the rule are corrected, but tolerated. They believe that
the children are not yet part of the school–culture and as such; they might not be punished for the
violation. After a certain period when the children have learnt this process, now when the hand–
raising rule is violated, the children are likely to be punished; disrespect and disregard for the
school–culture is assumed. The importance of communication cannot be over emphasized in our
modern days; even

The Theory Of Micro Interactions Can Come Into Play
In today 's world the solution everyone seems to seek is, "how do I achieve happiness?". The answer
is actually within a booming industry worth billions (self help books); so why are there so many
unhappy people stil? As we go about our normal lives we are always trying to find ways to become
happy, from who are friends are or who we marry to what we own and what are careers are,
primarily things we can control the outcome of. Of course these options can work for the most of us
that have the opportunity to take advantage of them, but what about for the rest? What can other
people not in the position of love or financially able to buy fancy clothes or even a house, what can
they do to gain some joy in their lives? And what happens once you ... Show more content on
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I go about my day only thinking about myself, not in a selfish way, but I don 't worry about how the
person to my left is feeling or how happy the person in front of me is or isn't. Micro interactions
breaks all of these barriers and rules of our society to basically make us wonder what the person
next to us is really feeling. Ironically, this idea comes from a book designed on improving joy in
everyday life but the action is free and nothing needs to be bought to act it out. It might seem
completely out of the question for most, primarily because it 's an uncomfortable thing to think
about any interaction with strangers period. Sense we were raised to avoid contact with people we
do not know, "stranger danger". So I decided to push the awkwardness to the side and test Jane
McGonigal's theory out for myself in my life.To understand this more and to see if thise ideao f
micro interactions actually does impact two people, I became self–aware of strangers around me and
in away forced my presence to their attention. Throughout one day I specifically made one
objective, and that was to ask many strangers as I could how their day was going. If I couldn't speak
to them directly, I would give them a friendly gesture such as a wave or smile. It became my main
priority to have these micro interactions with anyone I could.
At work this was rather easy since it is basically my job to interact with people, and typically the
person coming into the store is expecting

Interaction Design for Elderly
MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (CS770) FACULTY OF
COMPUTER & MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE SYS705 ADVANCED INTERACTION DESIGN
Prepared for : Puan Rogayah Abdul Majid Prepared by : Sharifah Nadia Syed Khastudin Student Id :
2011343811 Date : 29th September 2012 Senior–Friendly Technologies Interaction Design for
Senior Users Henry Been–Lirn Duh (Author 1), Ellen Yi–Luen Do (Author 2), Mark Billinghurts
(Author 3), Francis Quek ( Author 4) and Vivian Chen Hsueh–Hua ( Author 5) Sharifah Nadia BT
Syed Khastudin: Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, naddiea@yahoo.com Abstract
Interaction design in Human Computer Interaction means to produce a product that can support ...
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Mobile phones are promising gear to develop the class of life for the elderly. This effort presents an
assessment of the status of mobile functionalities and applications that can suit the necessities and
desires of elder people and enhance their quality of life. This study of the state of the ability enables
us to recognize the strengths and weaknesses of the existing systems as well as to invent trends and
promising future lines of the study. This will outlines some needs that should be met to elevate the
value of research in this area. This effort provides a foundation for researchers, designers, and
mobile phone service providers to consider about the presented needs of the elderly, the increasing
trends in the ground and the opportunities that mobile applications offer to improve the excellence
of life to the elderly and to support a organized and wide–ranging society .[4] Data gathering on
what the elderly good and bad at is very important during the development process of the
application. Definitely the elderly will be much energized to involve during the analysis stage until
the design stage. And most probably the testing stage will be run smoothly with less problems occur
during the testing. While the quality of life that need to be considered on the elderly is in the form of
motivation. They need to fulfill their empty space with things that can make their day as fun as the
applications is all about. The purpose of the digital games which is the

Technology And The Field Of Education Essay
Touted for much of the improved living conditions, healthcare, communication, and furtherance of
human intelligence, technological advancement in the world today has grown to unprecedented
levels. For example, as a result of technology, patients can remotely interact with medics located in
different parts of the world and still get services; a process dubbed telehealth/telemedicine. In the
field of education, students do not necessarily need to comb libraries to access books; there are
several soft copies of books online that they can access from the comfort of their desktop computers,
laptops or even mobile phones. Even on a more advanced level, learning does not necessarily have
to occur only through the reading of books and other traditionally accepted academic sources. The
Internet is awash with educative information which is even more up to date. Davidson in her article,
"Project Classroom Makeover", discusses the potential shift in paradigm presented by technological
advancement in the field of education. She argues that with technological advancement, it is no
longer tenable to have students sit in class and wait to be guided, instructed, and examined by
expertise; they will learn through other available avenues that suit them. Nafisi' article, "selection
from Reading Lalita in Tehran: A memoir in books", illustrates a typical example of such a scenario.
Her students accessed printed copies of books outside their university, something made possible by
the technology

What Is Interaction Design
Interaction Design Christophe De Pelsemaker 3BA – Grafische Vormgeving Sint–Lukas Brussel
2011–2012 Content What is interaction design? Designers My principles of (interaction) design
Sources Tamer Nakisci Namahn p. 3 p. 3 p. 3 p. 4 p. 4 p. 6 What is interaction design? Interaction
design is the structure and behavior of interactive systems. Designers working with interaction
design try to create relationships between people, products and the services they use. Not only
speaking from computers, mobile devices, applications and beyond, but interaction also happens
from user to user and from machine to machine. The core of interactive design is to embed
information into the social complexities of the physical world. ... Show more content on
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It gets in touch with the ever changing emotions of people. 3 Namahn Namahn is a Belgian design
firm based in Brussels, founded in 1987 with the intention of designing in a different way, with a
larger focus on the user. In fact they are viewed as pioneers in this area and often give guest lectures
in a number of institutions. Namahn calls their style of design Human–Centered Design. This means
that trough their design they focuses on the impact the design has on the user. They claim that they
start their creating process for a certain product with an investigation of the user's wants and needs.
What does he want or need to achieve? By doing intensive research into these things they feel that a
designer is able to create better and more effective design. This in return provides a better and more
effective design, a design that saves the user a lot of precious time. On the other hand this also
means eliminating useless and confusing functions and reintegrating only the necessary parts.
Namahn pride themselves on employing a strict design process. This process can be divided into
three basic steps: First The designers try to get into the right mindset for the task at hand. This
means researching the context in which the design will take place. By doing this the Namahn
designers find out what the user's genuine needs are, not only the needs that they are perceived to
have by others. This shows how Namahn doesn't

How Awareness Is Crucial For L2 Development During Second...
Introduction Understanding if the role of awareness is crucial for L2 development in second
language or foreign language acquisition research has been a highly debated topic. While there are
many researchers who claim that awareness is not necessary for L2 uptake, a majority of research
shows a positive trend that awareness plays a huge role in SL and FL uptake (Leow, 2000).
According to Leow's (2000) research, awareness is a necessary tool for L2 data to be taken in and
processed, and that no learning would happen without awareness. In a previous study conducted by
Leow, he determined that awareness can be categorized based on three characteristics: cognitive
change, meta–awareness, and morphological rule formation (Leow, 2002). There ... Show more
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A fundamental concept behind language learning is through the understanding of Long's Interaction
hypothesis, which proposes that second language learning is aided by interactional processes
because of the role of interaction in connecting "input, internal learner capacities, particularly
selective attention, and output in productive ways" (Mackey, 2006). Feedback and interaction help
result in modified output which is also helpful in language learning. Different varieties of
interactions in SL/FL classroom settings are facilitated through form–focused instruction (Mackey,
2006). The feedback received from focusing on form is in response to learner errors during meaning
focused communication (Mackey, 2006). Recasts and negotiation are used as forms when learners
have comprehension or production errors. By narrowing the focus of language learning to certain
problem areas, language learners will be prompted to pay more attention to linguistic forms
(Mackey, 2006). When examining the research behind the cognitive processes in second language
learning, attention and awareness are two key processes that aid in L2 development through
interaction– as mentioned previously. "Attention allows learners to notice a gap between what they
produce or know and what is produced by the speakers of the L2, and the perception of the gap or
mismatch can lead to grammar restructuring" (Mackey, 2006). In order for attention and awareness
to

Analysis Of ' On Habit ' And Adam Gopnik
It's not unusual to witness how people when faced with the same situation form different
perceptions. These perceptions are shaped by our mindsets and their interaction with our
surroundings. The kind of action that occurs as two or more objects be it living or non–living have
an effect upon one another is called interaction. The idea of a two–way effect is essential in the
concept of interaction and also how much we interact and to what degree is also influenced by
multiple factors. Both Alain de Botton, the author of "On Habit" and Adam Gopnik, the author of
"Bumping into Mr., Ravioli" talk about our interaction with our environment and how different
mindset perspectives affect this interaction. Both de Botton and Gopnik observe how we become
"blind" to our surroundings be it the place we live or the people we live with because we are too
"busy". We have a set of beliefs, powerful incentives called mindsets that directly or indirectly affect
our behavior towards others and our perception about the world and these mindsets affect our
interaction with the environment. I believe, with the world becoming more interconnected instead of
interacting more we have stopped interacting at all. We don't exchange intimacies be it with people
or things in our surroundings. Our mindset now days is such that it forces us to work like machines
giving us little or no time to imagine, think and interact. In this fast–paced world, we are always
"bumping" into people, "grabbing" lunch instead

A Research Study On Psychology
On April 20, 2016, I shadowed Morgan on 7E, which was an eventful day full of thought–provoking
and noteworthy patient interactions and child life centered conversations. Through my shadowing
experience and observations, I gained knowledge on how to appropriately prioritize patients, how to
expand my charting techniques, how to provide support through normative play experiences, and
much more. This week I was able to reflect back to my knowledge of development so that I could
better relate our coursework to my practicum experiences. In this journal, I will focus on one main
patient interaction, which was unique, thought provoking, and relatable to developmental theory and
coursework. I will also briefly discuss the knowledge I gained from the Clinical Issues Meeting that
I attended.
The first interaction I observed/participated in was with a 13–year–old male who was coping with
weight loss regardless of his G–tube feedings. Morgan and I initially met the patient at the bedside
where his mother was present. Morgan allowed me to introduce child life services as we assessed
the patient's coping. Originally, I introduced services by getting onto the patient's level. I introduced
myself and Morgan, explained our roles, and that Morgan would be able to provide him with
developmentally appropriate play materials, support, and provide information about the hospital.
Morgan then added onto my introduction and helped to continue the conversation to gauge the
patient's receptiveness,

Self Assignment Analysis
For the first part of the self–assessment assignment, I received 20 for initiating interaction, 25 for
giving criticism, 21 for disclosing information, 29 in giving comfort, and 27 for managing conflict.
For the second part of this assessment, I got 26 in initiating interaction, 28 in giving criticism, 23 in
disclosing information, giving comfort 30, and managing conflict 32. Then, when I divided each
category by 8 I came up with survey 1 initiating interaction 2.5 compare than in survey 2 I got 3.25.
In giving criticism in survey 1 I came up with 3.125 compare to in survey 2 with was 3.5. In
Disclosing information in survey 1 I got 2.6 compared to 2.875 in survey 2. Giving comfort in
survey 1 was 3.625 compared to 3.75 in survey 2. And finally, ... Show more content on
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1. The only things that change were my strengths and weakness. My weakness from survey 1 which
was initiating interaction, change to disclosing information. For my strengths for the first survey was
giving comfort and it change in the second survey to managing conflict. When it comes to putting
the skills to the test I feel a bit more comfortable talking about it or initiating it. When it comes to
taking about conflict management and giving comfort feel more skilled than before. And when it
comes to initiating interactions and disclosing information I am more reserve so I don't see those
two categories making a big

A Reflection On My Experience With Grief And Bereavement...
On April 6, 2016, I shadowed Megan in 7C and PICU, which was an eventful day full of thought–
provoking and noteworthy patient interactions and child life centered conversations. This was my
second time in 7C/PICU but my first time shadowing Megan. It was intriguing to see how two
different CCLS's handled the same units. Through my shadowing experience and observations, I
gained knowledge of how to handle grief/bereavement situations, how to properly prioritize patients,
charting techniques, and much more. This week I was able to reflect back to my knowledge of
development so that I could better relate our coursework to my practicum experiences. In this
journal, I will focus on two main patient interactions, both, which were unique, thought provoking,
and relatable to developmental theory and coursework. I will also briefly discuss the knowledge I
gained on how a CCLS can provide support during grief and bereavement situations.
The first interaction I observed/participated in was with an 8–year–old male in the PICU who was
coping with injuries from a major automobile accident and lice. Megan and I entered the room
where the patient was playing with a remote control car. His nurse had created a 'racetrack' out of
toys and items in his hospital room. It was refreshing to see a nurse who valued play enough to take
the time to create a playful environment for her patient. Megan swiftly built rapport, explained her
role, and offered normative play opportunities. The patient was

The Importance Of A Multi Criteria Rating System
While reputation bootstrapping concerns trust initializing of newcomer agents in the absence of
historical information [18]. Rebootstrapping, on the other hand, is an exploration strategy in the
absence of trustworthy agents. The term "rebootstrapping" was first introduced by Griffiths [19],
referring to a strategy when there are no trusted agents that provide the required capabilities, the
agent with the highest trust level based on some probabilistic models from the pool of untrustworthy
agents will be selected. More specifically, rebootstrapping strategy can help avoiding deadlock when
in a certain situation all interacting agents are distrusted and are not considered for cooperation.
Braynov et al. [8] state that the condition for market efficiency does not require complete
trustworthiness assessment. They propose trust revelation mechanism which involves agents holding
accurate estimates of one another at the beginning of every transaction, even if they are
untrustworthy. In other words, agents having trust value to the degree they deserve to be trusted can
transact as efficiently as trustworthy agents. Similar to a multi–criteria rating system called FIRE
[20] which is capable of handling changeability problem in participant's behaviours or relationships
(for example, when a former trustworthy partner becomes unreliable or breaks the old relationships).
To cope with such circumstances, FIRE model continuously monitors the performance of
components and adopts learning

Research on the Logistics and Mechanisms of Attention
Attention is a mechanism directly involved in the selection, distribution and maintenance of
processing resources, which determines our ability to process complex and multiple stimuli from our
environment and is crucial to our success and survival. Given the large magnitude of visual
information we encounter every day, the existence of a selective mechanism –at a conscious and
unconscious level– that regulates what we pay attention to is indisputable; it has even been
conceptualized as a supramodal mechanism that distributes cognitive resources according to task
complexity and motivation (Salthouse , Rogan & Prill , 1984). Initially conceived as a single
spotlight alternating amongst foci (Tiffin, Knight & Jackson, 1946), attention is now understood to
be beneficial due to its capacity to divide. Nevertheless, there is a limit in scope and manner, so we
are constantly promoting the priority processing of certain information in the presence of multiple
stimuli (Rosselló, 1999). Understanding the logistical constrains behind this prioritization and
allocation of resources is thus important from a theoretical perspective (Vergauwe et al., 2010), but
also due to its practical implications in various fields such as the military, sports, transportation,
safety and education (Strayer & Johnston, 2001; Gingerich & Lineweaver, 2014).
Generally, these constrains have been studied in two specific domains: space and time. Regarding
space, visual search paradigms explore how stimulus

Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy On Increasing...
Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy focuses on increasing emotional responsiveness and boding
interactions. EFT synthesizes the constructionist and systemic approach and also includes
contributions attachment theory. The experiential influences include a therapeutic alliance,
acceptance and validation of the client's experience, the acknowledgement that humans choose
creative, healthy choices when possible, a look at how inner and outer realities define each other, an
understanding that we are all formed and transformed by our relationships and how new corrective
experiences can be formed with personal encounters. EFT also draws from family Systems Theory
in that causality is circular, behavior must be considered in the contest of the partner, homeostasis,
all behaviors are communication and an effort is made to change negative interaction cycles.
Recent developments and the popularity of EFT include using this therapy with same sex couples
and couples with more diverse ethnic backgrounds, it is backed–up with research, uses integrated
models and its effectiveness is documented.
A healthy relationship has a secure attachment bond that creates a healthy environment with allows
partners to regulate emotions, process information and solve problems. Relationship distress is
caused by attachment insecurity and separation distress. Research by Gottman shows that there are
key factors in determining a close relationship. They are expressions and regulations, rigid
interaction

The Iphone's Success And Widespread Application Of...
The iPhone's success has resulted in the widespread application of touchscreens in many devices.
Touchscreens now become a fundamental tool which facilitates daily tasks, such as e–mail,
navigation and web browsing. Compared to traditional input devices such as keyboards and mice,
touchscreens provide a more natural and direct way to interact with the digital world. However, one
drawback of touch interactions in most current devices is that they are still
'two–dimensional' – the interface feels like flat glass because it produces no tactile feedback, and
our interaction is still highly dependent on a pattern of visual feedback. To illustrate, we first look at
the content displayed on the screen. We then move our finger to the target based ... Show more
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In other work on creating a natural environment, Basdogan et al. [?] find that haptic technology can
be used to simulate realistic surgery tool–tissue interactions including organ–force responses. Bara
and Gentaz [?] show that children using both visual and haptic sensory channels in letter recognition
and handwriting training have higher improvement in performance than using only the visual
sensory channel.
Although this and other research shows the benefit of utilizing haptic feedback
in different areas, more research is needed to explore how haptically enhanced touchscreens can
help users with touch based interactions.
Recently, researchers have developed surface haptic displays which introduces electroadhesion to
produce adhesive friction force on the finger. By dynamically adjusting the adhesive force, the
touchscreen can provide the feeling of different surface texture in response to finger movements.
This paper examines how surface haptic technologies incorporate with bullseye menu can improve
the performance of touchscreen interaction when visual feedback is reduced or unavailable.
Our results show that haptic feedback can improve the accuracy in touch interaction when visual
feedback is not available.
2 Background
2.1 The bullseye menu for non–visual interface
A bullseye menu is essentially a pie menu modified to permit more selection from a large number of
options[FIG]. A bullseye menu is

User Interaction Design : How It Interact With The...
User interaction design
Paper number :158.359
Student name :ALI AL KHALIFAH
ID number :12029179
Year:2015 :: Semster One
With the development and expansion of the Internet, many fields and opportunities are opens for
online studies, carrier development and business. The Internet allows people to communicate with
others, share their excitement subjects of interests as well as shopping online with less hassle.
Specialized website provide people with more specific information regards to the subject they need.
This refers to governments, schools, and university education websites. Many university in the
world has online learning website that helps students to do more interaction with their study online.
Yet, web developer's work hard to make websites to behave and function well. In this report I am
going to examine Massey university website to find how it interact with the students. The evaluation
process is going to look at the usability goals, the cognitive aspects, social and emotional issues of
the website.
At the first glance, the website gives a welcoming impression, though there are so many information
on the website which might some people find it disturbing. The usability goals of the website some
of them are seen and some in some point not fully filed the website. First of all the website has
variety of interaction interface designs, pictures are fixed with interesting sentences, colors in total
are matching, clear buttons

The Differences Between Watching The Film And The...
Discuss the differences between watching the film and the interactive media experience.
Interactive media experience is a special multimedia presentation, that involved interactive media
techniques and interactive media arts. Their final purposes are that creating a method of
communication with perception by using presenting content such as text, games, animation, video,
moving image and audio. In short, interactive media is a method of communication to circularly
present a combinatorial information which output from the media and comes from the input of the
users. Smuts (2009, p.53) defined "interactive" features in two points, he stated, "First, I look for
essential features of this relationship; second, using these features I develop a surprisingly simple
definition of "interactivity" that can help distinguish the interactive from no interactive arts".
Whether interactive media or new digital media, they both are a division of multimedia. However,
compare with new digital media such as multiple images, interactive media is more focusing on the
interaction. The key idea of interactive media is that to build interactive relationship between sender
and receiver at a specific time and space, in order to complete informational interaction. The most
significant disadvantage of multiple images on screen present is that treat the audience as passive
recipient of information. For example, films are in a set from, the audiences are setting in front of a
screen in a dark room, they

Goldfish Character Analysis
Analytical essay As we grow older, we change; either for the better or, unfortunately, for the worse.
In either ways, people around us play a huge factor in directing our character's changes. You might
live a long period, influenced by the environment and all the people around you, and not even
realize that they are the reason behind changes in your personality. It is simply amazing how
everything around us shapes and carves us as characters. One person can make a huge difference in
your life, whereas ten people all together might never change you.There are some people who go
into our lives and stay for a long time such as our parents, but there are also many of others who
presently pass by and even leave. Those people, hardly affect our lives, and this essay will focus on
the good ways different people influence our lives.Interactions with others can change people for the
better because they can have a better view of the world, and learn new things.
Interactions with others can make people have a better view of the world because the interactions we
have with other people may affect the way we feel about life. Everyone has beliefs, and they
certainly do affect our lives and the lives of others. In what of this Goldfish, would you wish by
Etgar Keret, Sergei changes for the better because of his interactions with the goldfish. Sergei was a
lonely sad men after his girlfriend left him but after meeting the goldfish he had someone to talk and
he wasn't alone anymore. "if he

Camouflage Research Paper
Camouflage Techniques Blending In or Standing Out Sometimes You Do Both A previous article
talked about camouflage and how it might help you when you when conducting Counter Intelligence
(CI) missions. Camouflage can help you blend in or stand out, and in some cases, standing out in a
crowd is not always a bad thing even if you want to become the Gray Man, for example. First, let's
be clear the Gray Man is not gender specific, it is simply a name given to a concept, or a way of
conducting yourself if you will, and not to a specific gender. Male or females can, of course, adapt
some of the techniques to become invisible or to stand out as the case may be. Yes, standing out in a
crowd can be beneficial and it is a form of camouflage. For example,

The Role Of Supportive Relationships Of The Maternal...
1. What is the design and how does the design related to the goals of the study?
The design was longitudinal, and this design relates to the goals of the study because the goals of the
study were to see the effects of supportive relationships of the maternal caregiver, and community
violence had on CU traits within the youth studied. This design was used because it studied the
participants over time and has the potential to provide vast information on this subject.
2. How were the participants assigned to groups or conditions?
N/A
3. How many groups were included in the design?
There were four groups, one at each wave of the study.
4. How were the groups similar and different in how they were treated in the study?
Every participant in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The violent exposure measure has been widely used and validated (cf., Fowler, Tompsett,
Braciszewski, Jacques–Tiura & Baltes, 2009)
The measures for relationships with caregivers were found to have good reliability and validity.
(Furman &Buhrmester, 1985)
The callous–unemotional measure was found to have good reliability and validity by (Essau et al.,
2006).
3. Were multiple measures and methods used to assess the constructs?
Yes.
4. Are response sets or styles relevant to the use and interpretation of the data?
Yes.
5. How was the assessment conducted? By Whom? In what order were the measures administered?
The assessments were administered in the home of the participant in survey form, by the trained
interviewers. First the interviewer asked about demographics, age, sex, etc. Then the surveys about
violence exposure and supportive relationship with caregivers, only at the last wave of the study was
the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits administered to the participants.
6. If judges were used in any facet of assessment what is the reliability in rendering their judgments?
N/A
Procedures:
1. Where was the study conducted?
The study was primarily conducted in the participant's homes.
2. What materials, equipment, or apparatuses were used in the study?
The participants gave information on their age, ethnicity, and sex, while the maternal caregivers
gave information on income, their

Hcse 210 Interaction Design Research Paper

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