Mastoditis 170811051118
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The document discusses mastoiditis, an infection of the mastoid process behind the ear. It begins by defining the mastoid process and mastoiditis. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling behind the ear, hearing loss, and discharge from the ear. Diagnosis involves examinations, imaging like CT scans, and lab tests. Treatment involves antibiotics, ear drops, analgesics, and potentially surgical procedures like mastoidectomy if the infection spreads. Nursing care focuses on pain management, administering medications, providing comfort, and addressing risks like infection, impaired communication, and balance issues.
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Mastoditis
Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear and the air spaces connecting it to the middle ear that is usually caused by a middle ear infection. It can be either acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a rare complication of acute otitis media while chronic mastoiditis is commonly associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma formations. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling behind the ear, ear drainage, hearing loss, fever, and nausea. Diagnosis involves examinations, imaging like CT scans, and lab tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, ear drainage procedures, and sometimes surgery to remove infected mastoid air cells.
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Mastoiditis
This document discusses mastoiditis, an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that is connected to the middle ear. It can be acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis is associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling, discharge, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging tests, and fluid culture. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes surgery like mastoidectomy, myringotomy, or tympanoplasty. Nursing care focuses on pain management, medication administration, and monitoring for infection.
TUMORS OF EAR
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Description includes definition, etiological factors, clinical menifestations and management including medical management, surgical management and nursing management.
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Impacted wax
Impacted earwax occurs when earwax becomes compressed in the ear canal, blocking it. This can cause symptoms like ear pain, fullness, and hearing loss. People more prone to impacted earwax include those with hairy ear canals, who work in dusty environments, the elderly, and hearing aid users. Impacted earwax is typically treated first with ear drops to soften the wax, and then removal either on its own or with irrigation. Nursing care involves examining the ears, assessing any impaction, educating on prevention of insertion of objects in the ear, and examining high-risk groups like the elderly.
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Mastoditis
Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear and the air spaces connecting it to the middle ear that is usually caused by a middle ear infection. It can be either acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a rare complication of acute otitis media while chronic mastoiditis is commonly associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma formations. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling behind the ear, ear drainage, hearing loss, fever, and nausea. Diagnosis involves examinations, imaging like CT scans, and lab tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, ear drainage procedures, and sometimes surgery to remove infected mastoid air cells.
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This document defines a deviated septum as a common disorder of the nose involving displacement of the nasal septum. It lists the main causes as developmental defects, trauma from accidents or birth, active play, or contact sports. The clinical features are described as nasal blockage, congestion, nose bleeds, noisy breathing, discharge, pain, and difficulty smelling. Diagnosis involves x-rays, nasal speculum examination, and rhinoscopy. Management includes decongestants, antihistamines, surgery such as septolasty or submucous resection, monitoring vitals, stopping nose bleeds, positioning, avoiding aspirin, and applying ice for pain and swelling.
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This document discusses mastoiditis, an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that is connected to the middle ear. It can be acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis is associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling, discharge, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging tests, and fluid culture. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes surgery like mastoidectomy, myringotomy, or tympanoplasty. Nursing care focuses on pain management, medication administration, and monitoring for infection.
TUMORS OF EAR
Tumors of ear including external canal, auricle, middle canal (GLOMUS TUMOR), inner ear ( ACOUSTIC NEUROMA).
Description includes definition, etiological factors, clinical menifestations and management including medical management, surgical management and nursing management.
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Detailed Presentation on Otitis Media and Its types. 4thyr MBBS presentation during ENT rotation at Ziauddin Medical University.
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Impacted earwax occurs when earwax becomes compressed in the ear canal, blocking it. This can cause symptoms like ear pain, fullness, and hearing loss. People more prone to impacted earwax include those with hairy ear canals, who work in dusty environments, the elderly, and hearing aid users. Impacted earwax is typically treated first with ear drops to soften the wax, and then removal either on its own or with irrigation. Nursing care involves examining the ears, assessing any impaction, educating on prevention of insertion of objects in the ear, and examining high-risk groups like the elderly.
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Otitis media
inflammation of the ear, usually distinguished as otitis externa (of the passage of the outer ear), otitis media (of the middle ear), and otitis interna (of the inner ear; labyrinthitis).
Otitis Media
Otitis media refers to inflammation of the middle ear, most commonly seen in infants and children between 6 months and 2 years old. It can present as acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, or chronic suppurative otitis media. Risk factors include young age, allergies, and infections like colds that can cause eustachian tube dysfunction. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesics, myringotomy, or surgery depending on the type and severity. Proper management is needed to prevent complications and hearing loss.
Otitis media
Otitis media is an infection and inflammation of the middle ear that most commonly affects children under 15 years old. It can be acute, chronic, or serous. Acute suppurative otitis media is a bacterial infection of the middle ear causing pain, fever, and fluid buildup lasting less than 6 weeks. Chronic suppurative otitis media results from repeated infections causing permanent perforation of the eardrum and involves the middle ear and mastoid bones. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear drum and testing hearing and eardrum mobility. Treatment includes antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes surgery to drain fluid or reconstruct ear structures.
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Otitis Media.pptx
In this presentation there is complete content regarding its causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations and managements that can be done.
First of all as we know that otitis media is a disease condition related to ear infection and inflammations.
Otitis media
Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. The two main types are acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME). AOM is an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain.
Deformities of ear
Abnormal development or deformities of the ear anatomy can cause a range of complications, from cosmetic issues to hearing and development problems.
An estimated 6 to 45 percent of children are born with some sort of congenital ear deformity.
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Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is caused by the rupture of tiny blood vessels in the nasal cavity. It commonly originates in the anterior portion of the nose. Potential causes include trauma, infections, medications, and underlying medical conditions. Clinical features may include nasal bleeding along with fever, headache, and dizziness. Management depends on severity but generally involves compression of the nose to stop bleeding along with medications to constrict blood vessels. Nursing care focuses on comfort, activity tolerance, temperature monitoring, education, and preventing complications.
OTITIS MEDIA CASE PRESENTATION(CASE STUDY)
Provides detailed in formation on otitis media.It is subdivided into:
Table of content
Literature review
Patient information
medical and surgical management
nursing careplan
and it is well referenced.
It provides more information on better management of ENT patient.
Can be used by anyone in the medical or nursing field.
Otalgia
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This document discusses ear wax accumulation, also known as cerumen impaction. It defines ear wax accumulation as the buildup of ear wax inside the ear canal. Some causes listed include structural defects, old age, and using ear plugs. Signs and symptoms include fullness in the ear, ringing in the ear, dizziness, itching, ear pain, odorous ear discharge, and hearing difficulty. Diagnosis involves a history and physical exam using an otoscope. Management includes irrigation with warm water or warmed oils followed by suction or instrumentation to remove the ear wax.
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This document discusses mastoiditis, an infection and inflammation of the mastoid bone behind the ear. It begins by defining mastoiditis and classifying it as either acute or chronic. Risk factors include middle ear infections, injuries, and certain bacteria. Symptoms include ear pain, swelling, hearing loss, and ear drainage. The infection spreads from the middle ear to the mastoid air cells, causing mastoiditis. Diagnosis involves examinations, imaging, and tests. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear drops, pain medications, and surgery such as mastoidectomy to remove infected cells. Post-operative care focuses on wound healing and avoiding pressure on the ear. Nursing care manages pain, provides fluids and medication, and addresses potential complications
OTITIS MEDIA.pptx
This document discusses otitis media, including its definition, types, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical management, nursing management, nursing diagnoses, and complications. It defines otitis media as inflammation of the middle ear, eustachian tube and mastoid bone. The major types discussed are suppurative, nonsuppurative, adhesive, tuberculous, and barotraumatic otitis media. Causes, symptoms, treatments, and nursing care are described for each type.
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Ototoxicity refers to ear poisoning caused by exposure to certain drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or auditory nerve. Common causes of ototoxicity include aminoglycoside antibiotics, loop diuretics, anti-malarials, and some cancer drugs. Symptoms range from mild tinnitus to total hearing loss. Diagnosis involves evaluating a patient's history of ototoxin exposure and conducting tests like electrocochleography and electronystagmography. Management focuses on discontinuing the ototoxic drug, treating any hearing or balance problems, and limiting future use of ototoxic medications.
Tympanic membrane perforation
This document discusses tympanic membrane perforation, which is a rupture of the eardrum. It can be caused by ear infections, trauma, or foreign objects in the ear canal. Symptoms include ear pain, bleeding, hearing loss, and drainage from the ear. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear. Small perforations may heal on their own with antibiotics and pain medication, while larger perforations require surgery like myringoplasty or tympanoplasty to repair the eardrum. Post-operative care involves keeping the ear dry and avoiding heavy lifting or air pressure changes for a few weeks.
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Nasal polyps are non-cancerous growths that develop in the nasal passages and sinuses. They are common in adults and more frequent in men. Nasal polyps can be caused by viral or bacterial infections, allergies, asthma, or chronic inflammation. They may cause symptoms like nasal obstruction, loss of smell, and mouth breathing. Complications can include sleep apnea or bleeding. Treatment involves nasal steroids, nasal irrigation, and sometimes surgery to remove the polyps. Surgical removal provides relief from nasal obstruction but polyps may return over time.
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Ethinitis, or inflammation of the ethmoid sinuses, is caused by infections, allergies, or structural issues like polyps or a deviated septum. Symptoms include headaches, nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, and eye issues. Diagnosis involves nasal endoscopy. Treatment involves medications like anti-inflammatories, antibiotics, nasal irrigation, and surgery if needed. Complications can include infections spreading to nearby areas like the eye socket. Preventing sinus infections and keeping nasal passages clear can help prevent ethinitis.
Laryngeal obstruction
The document discusses laryngeal edema, which is swelling of the laryngeal mucous membranes that can close off the airway opening and cause life-threatening hypoxia or suffocation. Some causes of laryngeal edema include hereditary factors, valve disorders, and thoracic surgery. Clinical features include hoarseness, dyspnea, aspiration, neck swelling, inability to speak, and cough. Management involves maintaining the airway, avoiding irritants, establishing ventilation, administering oxygen and corticosteroids, and potentially performing an emergency tracheostomy.
Labyrinthitis
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the inner ear that can cause vertigo, hearing loss, and nausea. It is often caused by a middle ear infection spreading to the inner ear. The inner ear contains semi-circular canals for balance and the cochlea for hearing. Labyrinthitis can be circumscribed, diffuse serous, or diffuse suppurative depending on the extent and presence of pus. Treatment involves antibiotics, antihistamines, or steroids depending on the cause. Surgery may be needed for complications like cholesteatoma.
Meniere's disease
meniere disease is the inner ear condition which affect the patient haring and balance this ppt can help the nurses to take care of the patient affected with this disease and can be used as a study material for their examination
Otitis media
inflammation of the ear, usually distinguished as otitis externa (of the passage of the outer ear), otitis media (of the middle ear), and otitis interna (of the inner ear; labyrinthitis).
Otitis Media
Otitis media refers to inflammation of the middle ear, most commonly seen in infants and children between 6 months and 2 years old. It can present as acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, or chronic suppurative otitis media. Risk factors include young age, allergies, and infections like colds that can cause eustachian tube dysfunction. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesics, myringotomy, or surgery depending on the type and severity. Proper management is needed to prevent complications and hearing loss.
Otitis media
Otitis media is an infection and inflammation of the middle ear that most commonly affects children under 15 years old. It can be acute, chronic, or serous. Acute suppurative otitis media is a bacterial infection of the middle ear causing pain, fever, and fluid buildup lasting less than 6 weeks. Chronic suppurative otitis media results from repeated infections causing permanent perforation of the eardrum and involves the middle ear and mastoid bones. Diagnosis involves examination of the ear drum and testing hearing and eardrum mobility. Treatment includes antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes surgery to drain fluid or reconstruct ear structures.
Rhinitis
Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. The inflammation is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens
Otitis Media.pptx
In this presentation there is complete content regarding its causes, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations and managements that can be done.
First of all as we know that otitis media is a disease condition related to ear infection and inflammations.
Otitis media
Otitis media is a group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. The two main types are acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME). AOM is an infection of rapid onset that usually presents with ear pain.
Deformities of ear
Abnormal development or deformities of the ear anatomy can cause a range of complications, from cosmetic issues to hearing and development problems.
An estimated 6 to 45 percent of children are born with some sort of congenital ear deformity.
Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleed, is caused by the rupture of tiny blood vessels in the nasal cavity. It commonly originates in the anterior portion of the nose. Potential causes include trauma, infections, medications, and underlying medical conditions. Clinical features may include nasal bleeding along with fever, headache, and dizziness. Management depends on severity but generally involves compression of the nose to stop bleeding along with medications to constrict blood vessels. Nursing care focuses on comfort, activity tolerance, temperature monitoring, education, and preventing complications.
OTITIS MEDIA CASE PRESENTATION(CASE STUDY)
Provides detailed in formation on otitis media.It is subdivided into:
Table of content
Literature review
Patient information
medical and surgical management
nursing careplan
and it is well referenced.
It provides more information on better management of ENT patient.
Can be used by anyone in the medical or nursing field.
Otalgia
Otalgia, or earache, is pain or fullness in the ear that can result from infection or trauma to the ear or head. Ear infections are common causes and can develop from bacteria entering the ear through fingers, toys, or contaminated solutions put in the ear. Inserting sharp objects or swimming in polluted water increases infection risk. Otalgia occurs when inflammation from infection or trauma causes tissue swelling that presses on nerves, leading to pain. Disorders in nearby structures like the jaw, nerves, throat or neck can also cause referred ear pain.
Impacted cerumen
This document discusses ear wax accumulation, also known as cerumen impaction. It defines ear wax accumulation as the buildup of ear wax inside the ear canal. Some causes listed include structural defects, old age, and using ear plugs. Signs and symptoms include fullness in the ear, ringing in the ear, dizziness, itching, ear pain, odorous ear discharge, and hearing difficulty. Diagnosis involves a history and physical exam using an otoscope. Management includes irrigation with warm water or warmed oils followed by suction or instrumentation to remove the ear wax.
Peritonsillar abscess
This document discusses peritonsillar abscess, which is a collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule and surrounding tissues that can develop after a tonsillar infection progresses to a local cellulitis and abscess. Recurrent tonsillitis and foreign bodies can cause peritonsillar abscess. Symptoms include fever, pain when swallowing, dribbling saliva, inability to open the mouth, and tender swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis involves a physical exam and imaging tests. Treatment consists of antibiotics, corticosteroids, throat irrigation, and occasionally procedures to manage an airway if obstruction occurs. Surgical options for management include needle aspiration, incision and drainage, or tonsillectomy. Comp
Tonsillitis slideshare for medical students
Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils that is usually caused by a bacterial or viral infection. The tonsils are located in the back of the throat and help the body fight infections. There are different types of tonsillitis, including acute, subacute, and chronic, depending on the causative agent and duration of symptoms. Common symptoms include sore throat, fever, difficulty swallowing, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. Tonsillitis is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and signs during a physical exam. It is often treated with antibiotics, pain relievers, and gargling saline for relief. In some cases of recurring tonsillitis, surgery to remove the tonsils (tonsillectomy)
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This document discusses otitis media, including its definition, types, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical management, nursing management, nursing diagnoses, and complications. It defines otitis media as inflammation of the middle ear, eustachian tube and mastoid bone. The major types discussed are suppurative, nonsuppurative, adhesive, tuberculous, and barotraumatic otitis media. Causes, symptoms, treatments, and nursing care are described for each type.
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Mastoditis 170811051118
Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear and the air spaces connecting it to the middle ear cavity. It is usually caused by a middle ear infection but can also result from injuries, respiratory infections like rhinitis or sinusitis, or fractures near the ear. Symptoms include ear pain, swelling behind the ear, hearing loss, pain when eating, discharge from the ear, nausea, vomiting, and headaches. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and physical examination. Treatment consists of antibiotic and steroid ear drops, ear irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes mastoidectomy surgery to remove infected mastoid bone. Nursing care focuses on preventing infection, managing pain, addressing hearing and communication issues, and preventing trauma from
Mastoditis
Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear and the air spaces connecting it to the middle ear cavity. It is usually caused by a middle ear infection but can also result from injuries, respiratory infections like rhinitis or sinusitis, or fractures near the ear. Symptoms include ear pain, swelling behind the ear, hearing loss, pain when eating, discharge from the ear, nausea, vomiting, and headaches. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and physical examination. Treatment consists of antibiotic and steroid ear drops, ear irrigation, pain medications, and sometimes surgery to remove the infected mastoid bone. Nursing care focuses on preventing infections, managing pain, addressing hearing and balance issues, and facilitating communication.
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Otitis media, or middle ear infection, is a common childhood illness that occurs when the middle ear becomes inflamed and infected. It can cause symptoms like ear pain, fever, hearing loss, and discharge from the ear. The document discusses the anatomy of the ear, signs and stages of otitis media, risk factors, potential complications, diagnosis, and treatment options which include antibiotics, surgery like myringotomy or tympanoplasty, and nursing care such as cleaning the infected ear and providing pain relief. Otitis media is usually treated with antibiotics but surgery may be needed in some cases to repair damage to the eardrum.
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This document discusses otitis media, or middle ear infection. It begins by defining key terms related to ear diseases and infections. It then discusses the incidence, causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnostic evaluation, and management of otitis media. Otitis media is most common in young children and is usually caused by bacterial or viral infections that obstruct the Eustachian tubes. Common symptoms include ear pain, fever, and hearing loss. Treatment involves antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, or sometimes surgical drainage of fluid from the middle ear. Repeated infections can lead to permanent hearing loss or other complications if left untreated.
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This document discusses otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as serous otitis media (SOM). It defines OME as a chronic accumulation of mucus within the middle ear, which can cause conductive hearing loss. It discusses the pathogenesis, etiology, symptoms, investigations and treatment of OME. It also discusses acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM) and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), outlining their stages, complications, and surgical treatments including myringotomy and myringoplasty.
ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA infection of the middle ear
Acute otitis media refers to the acute inflammation of the middle ear cavity. There are several types including acute suppurative otitis media, acute necrotizing otitis media, otitis media with effusions, and recurrent otitis media. Acute suppurative otitis media is usually caused by viral upper respiratory infections allowing bacterial infection of the middle ear via the eustachian tube. It involves five stages from tubal occlusion to resolution or complications. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, draining pus, and preventing recurrence through antibiotics, myringotomy, and addressing predisposing factors. Otitis media with effusions is characterized by non-purulent effusion
Otitis Media 3.pptx
Acute otitis media refers to the acute inflammation of the middle ear cavity. There are several types including acute suppurative otitis media, which is caused by pyogenic bacteria invading the middle ear through the eustachian tube. It presents in stages from tubal occlusion to resolution or complications. Treatment involves relieving symptoms, draining pus, and preventing recurrence with antibiotics. Otitis media with effusions involves sterile fluid accumulation in the middle ear due to eustachian tube malfunction or increased mucus secretion. Recurrent otitis media describes repeated acute infections. Aero-otitis media results from pressure changes during air travel or diving that the eustachian tubes cannot equalize
OTITIS MEDIA.pptx
Otitis media is an inflammation of the middle ear that commonly affects children under 10 years old. It can be caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae or viruses. Common symptoms include ear pain, fever, hearing loss, and discharge from the ear. Without treatment, complications can include mastoiditis, cholesteatoma, meningitis, and permanent hearing loss. Diagnosis is usually based on examination of the eardrum. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesics, and occasionally surgery to drain the ear or place tubes. Nursing care focuses on pain management, communication strategies due to hearing loss, and ensuring complete treatment to prevent recurrence.
Otitis media in children
Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear that is usually caused by bacteria or viruses. It is common in young children due to the short, horizontal shape of the eustachian tubes. Risk factors include exposure to cigarette smoke, overcrowding, bottle feeding, and allergies. Acute otitis media presents with severe ear pain over days to weeks and visible inflammation of the eardrum. Chronic otitis media is characterized by persistent fluid buildup behind an intact eardrum, while chronic suppurative otitis media involves long-term drainage through a perforated eardrum. Treatment involves antibiotics, antihistamines, tubes, or surgery depending on the type and severity of
Mastoiditis
Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that can result from untreated or inadequately treated otitis media. It is classified as either acute or chronic mastoiditis. Acute mastoiditis develops as a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis occurs with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma formations. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling and tenderness in the mastoid region, fever, and otorrhea. Diagnosis involves tests like CT scans, ear cultures and audiograms. Treatment consists of antibiotics, analgesics, and may require surgical drainage of pus via procedures like mastoidectomy if infection spreads to
mastoiditis-200825060053 (1).pdf
Mastoiditis is an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that can result from untreated or inadequately treated otitis media. It is classified as either acute or chronic mastoiditis. Acute mastoiditis develops as a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis occurs with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma formations. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling and tenderness in the mastoid region, fever, and otorrhea. Diagnosis involves tests like CT scans, ear cultures and audiograms. Treatment consists of antibiotics, analgesics, and may require surgical drainage of pus via procedures like mastoidectomy if infection spreads.
ACUTE SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA
This document discusses acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM), an acute inflammation of the middle ear caused by pyogenic bacteria. It notes that ASOM is most common in young children, especially during winter months. Common bacteria that cause ASOM include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesics, ear drainage via myringotomy if needed, and prevention through childhood vaccinations. Complications can include mastoiditis, petrositis, and Gradenigo's syndrome involving pain and eye muscle palsies.
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Mastoditis 170811051118
- 2. INTRODUCTION The mastoid process is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind the ear which contains open, air-containing spaces.
- 3. It is an inflammation of mastoid process behind the ear and of the air space connecting it to the cavity of the middle ear. DEFINITION
- 4. 1. Infection of the middle ear. 2.Injury of the mastoid bone and cells. 3.Upper respiratory infection. - Rhinitis. - Sinusitis. 4. Related to zygoma fractures. 5. Cholesteatoma ETIOLOGY
- 5. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS. Otalgia ( ear pain.) Swelling of the mastoid bone. Loss of hearing. Sever pain at eating time. Painless discharge from the effected ear. Nausea, vomiting. Increased cranial pressure. Otorrhoea ( purulent discharge.) may be odourless or foul smelling. Perforation of the ear drum.
- 6. 1. Due to etiological factor 2. Infection of the middle ear 3. Acute otitis media 4. Infection reaches at mastoid air cells 5. Inflammation of the mastoid process.
- 7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 1. History collection. 2. Physical examination. 3. Mastoid bone x ray. 4. CT scan. 5. Lab: CBC, DLC, Blood culture, tympanocentesis. 6. Audiography.
- 8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT 1. Antibiotic and steroid ear drop for infection and inflammation. E.g.,Ciplox-D 2.Ear- Irrigation – for purulent drainage. 3.Analgesic drugs, e.g., Aspirin, Nimuslide.
- 9. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT 1. Mastoidectomy: It is a surgical procedure that removes diseases mastoid air cells. 2. Myringotomy: It is a surgical procedure in which a tiny incision is created in the eardrum relieves pressure caused by excessive build up of fluid or pus. 3. Tympanoplasty: also called eardrum repair. It is the surgical reconstruction of the perforated eardrum or the small bones of the middle ear.
- 10. NURSING MANAGEMENT : • Assess pain for location, intensity etc. • Administer analgesics as prescribed to relieve pain. • Administer antibiotics as ordered. • Administer antipyretics as prescribed. • Provide plenty of fluids. • Use cool water sponging to reduce body temperature, • Encourage patient and family to use signs of non verbal communication such facial expression, pointing, body movement.
- 11. NURSING DIAGNOSIS • High risk for infection relate to tissue destruction. • Pain relate to physical factors. • Altered auditory sensory perception related to partial/total perforation of tympanic membrane. • Impaired verbal communication related to hearing deficit. • High risk for trauma related to balance difficulty.