Trend is a manner or fashion of a profession in which it is developing, progressing or making growth.
Why do we need to learn about trends of psychiatric nursing?
The need of learning psychiatric nursing trends is having this basis that if we want to know how and how much one profession is growing and in which direction.
Trends is the flow of a profession, e.g. Sutlej River has its origin in lake Rakshastal in Tibet, enter India in Himachal Pradesh State heading towards west-south east for about 360 km to meet Beas River in Punjab State.
In same way , every profession has its origin and growth in different countries. So , it is mandatory to learn about trends of professional nursing.
Old trends
Confinement :
In ancient times, mentally sick persons/patients were confined in asylums.
They will ill-treated and were beaten and scolded for symptoms of mental sickness.
They were considered to be possessed by demons, were not given any food to survive.
Institutionalization:
for the safety of community and people and to avoid dangers from excited patients, the second trend which came into being was institutionalization.
In foreign countries, modern mental hospitals were established.
In India , since times of emperor Ashoka, Mental Hospitals were established and flourished to take care of mentally sick patients.
Burr holes and insulin therapy :
In pervious times, surgeons used to make burr holes in cranium to slow down the activity of brain to control the symptoms of mental sickness.
In Insulin therapy, a Hypogylcemic state was induced in a mentally sick patient to slow the brain and control symptoms.
This is an age old trend which is obliterated now.
Deinstitutionalization
the next trend, which came into being was deinstitutionalization.
Mentally sick patients were allowed to survive at homes in community and were treated in community health center.
This trend is still in existence but many families do not cooperate with mentally sick and demand institutionalization.
Electro-convulsive therapy:
ECT is a treatment of choice for major depression, catatonic schizophrenia, etc.
In previous years, only electrical current was passed with no use of anesthetics/muscle relaxants.
Now the trend has been changed and ECT is quite effective with lesser side-effects along with use of anesthetics and muscle relaxant.
New trends
Psychopharmacology:
the first drug discovered in psychiatry was chlorpromazine.
Now many more psychotropic drugs are discovered with lesser side-effects.
Definite curriculum in psychiatric nursing:
As a part of curriculum, psychiatric nursing is taught in GNM, B.Sc. Nursing courses.
Now post- graduation degree course and doctorate degree in psychiatric nursing is in trend.
Case management approach:
now, every mental disorder is being treated using multidisciplinary approach.
A mental health team is now dealing with mental sickness.
Case management approach.
New etiology of mental sickness.
Legal aspects in Psychiatric Nursing.
2. WHAT IS A TREND IN
APROFESSION?
Trend is a manner or fashion of a
profession in which it is developing,
progressing or making growth.
3. Why do we need to learn about
trends of psychiatric nursing?
The need of learning psychiatric nursing trends is
having this basis that if we want to know how and how
much one profession is growing and in which
direction.
Trends is the flow of a profession, e.g. Sutlej River has its
origin in lake Rakshastal in Tibet, enter India in Himachal
Pradesh State heading towards west-south east for about
360 km to meet Beas River in Punjab State.
In same way , every profession has its origin and growth in
different countries. So , it is mandatory to learn about
trends of professional nursing.
4. Old trends
Confinement :
o In ancient times, mentally sick persons/patients were
confined in asylums.
o They will ill-treated and were beaten and scolded for
symptoms of mental sickness.
o They were considered to be possessed by demons,
were not given any food to survive.
5. Institutionalization:
o for the safety of community and people and to avoid
dangers from excited patients, the second trend which
came into being was institutionalization.
o In foreign countries, modern mental hospitals were
established.
o In India , since times of emperor Ashoka, Mental
Hospitals were established and flourished to take care
of mentally sick patients.
6. Burr holes and insulin therapy :
o In pervious times, surgeons used to make burr holes
in cranium to slow down the activity of brain to control
the symptoms of mental sickness.
o In Insulin therapy, a Hypogylcemic state was induced
in a mentally sick patient to slow the brain and control
symptoms.
o This is an age old trend which is obliterated now.
7. Deinstitutionalization
o the next trend, which came into being was
deinstitutionalization.
o Mentally sick patients were allowed to survive at
homes in community and were treated in community
health center.
o This trend is still in existence but many families do not
cooperate with mentally sick and demand
institutionalization.
8. Electro-convulsive therapy:
o ECT is a treatment of choice for major depression,
catatonic schizophrenia, etc.
o In previous years, only electrical current was passed
with no use of anesthetics/muscle relaxants.
o Now the trend has been changed and ECT is quite
effective with lesser side-effects along with use of
anesthetics and muscle relaxant.
9. New trends
Psychopharmacology:
o the first drug discovered in psychiatry was
chlorpromazine.
o Now many more psychotropic drugs are discovered
with lesser side-effects.
o Psychopharmacology is still a trend in psychiatric
field.
10. Definite curriculum in psychiatric
nursing:
o As a part of curriculum, psychiatric nursing
is taught in GNM, B.Sc. Nursing courses.
oNow post- graduation degree course and
doctorate degree in psychiatric nursing is in
trend.
11. Case management approach:
o now, every mental disorder is being treated using
multidisciplinary approach.
o A mental health team is now dealing with mental
sickness.
12. New etiology of mental sickness:
o new researches in field of psychiatry have poured
light on the etiological factors of mental disorders.
o This new etiology of mental disorders had begun a
new approach to deal with mentally ill patients.
13. Legal aspects in Psychiatric Nursing:
o now legal aspects in psychiatric nursing actually
functioning in mental health care area.
o M’ Naghten Rule Admission and discharge rights,
mental Health Act, confidentiality Acts etc, are legal
aspect of psychiatric nursing.
14. Code of ethics in Professional care:
o ethical principles of confidentiality , fidelity ,
autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence,
negligence/malpractice are functional and is now in
new trends of psychiatric nursing.
15. New field of psychiatric nursing:
o many new fields of psychiatric have emerged as new
trends in psychiatric nursing .
o For example: child psychiatry, obstetrical psychiatry,
adolescent psychiatry, marital and relationship
psychiatry.
16. Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental
Disorder (DSM 5):
o DSM 5 is a new edition of international
classification of mental disorders.
o In previous years DSM –IV TR, i.e. 4th edition text
revised of DSM was in use.
