This document summarizes research on using nanoparticles to deliver drugs to the brain and treat brain disorders. It discusses how nanoparticles carrying drugs can be administered orally and pass through the gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream to reach the brain. Specifically, it describes an experiment where pacitane nanoparticles were prepared and tested as a potential delivery system for treating brain disorders like Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. The nanoparticles were characterized and tested for drug release in vitro. The results showed 80% of the drug was released within 24 hours. The conclusion is that nanoparticle drug delivery could provide an effective therapy for brain disorders.

1. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 2 Issue 6, Nov- Dec 2019
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Pacitane Nanoparticles Drug Release for Brain Disorder
C.KUMARESAN. M.Pharm, Ph.D
Formulator, Chennai, India.
Running title: Nanoparticle For Brain disorders.
*Address for correspondence:
E-mail: kmernphd@rediffmail.com
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

2. International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development-– Volume 2 Issue 6, Nov- Dec 2019
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Pacitane Nanoparticles Drug Release for Brain Disorder
Abstract:
After swallowing nanosize formulation by oral route, nanosize drug enters into the
gastrointestinal tract, and drug coated nanoparticles reaches the systemic circulation. Thereby the
nanoparticle reaches the brain and brain disorder can be cured effectively by drug receptor
mechanism. The nanosize drug reaches by quick onset of action. The objective of this research
article is the about mind health and brain disorder, and nanoparticles review to cure the disease
by release of drug effectively in brain. The drug model such as pacitane nanoparticles reach the
gastrointestinal tract after oral intake and reaches pool of the systemic blood and the brain
disorder such as parkinson’s , schizopernia disease can be treated.
Keywords: Nano, drug release, brain, pshych, disorder and health
Introduction:
Mind in real meaning is all things the brain does according to neurologist view, same is not
shared by other neurologist. Mind appears to be the result of specific electrochemical events in
the brain although neurologist does not yet know what all those events are. The brain weighs
about 1.5 kilograms (3 pounds) (1)
. The main part of it the dome fashioned cerebrum brings to
mind an jumbo shelled walnut. The surface of the cerebrum the cerebral cortex is where the
majority of the brains information is stored. There are four lobes that cover the brain like a lid.
The frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Cerebellum is peach sized and the brain stem
connecting brain and spinal cord.
Psychologists treats peoples by consultation giving ideas, knowledge what they are
missing, how they have to cope up with situation and behavioural sense etc. Thereby peoples
health value increases. Psychology science deals with the mental health of the people. People
feels psychology is danger, but really it is the gift science of god. Psychology is science, and
degree offered by many universities to improve the mental health of all peoples. If we have good
mental health, physical health will be good. In our traditional value we get custom attitudes
toward our matha, pitha, guru, deivam and next relatives and public (society). Our attitude is our
altitude. Everyhuman being has their own attitudes, that makes them grow in any field. Young
students are free flowing nowadays because of their attitudes.
If I get success or defeat, why should I leave attitude is the question of young mind. So
their mental health is good. In companies or institutions employees says this is my role, I did
this, it was happened because of this reason. They are giving right justification. So in our system
shows the path to attitude and it is our wealth, it is the expectation of every persons. The fear
does not enter into human mind to lower the attitude level because of systems. Attitude peoples
shows right affection to our subordinates, Its described as good mental health. Some people can

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not recognize what to be done, its because of inborn defects. They also get personal attitude
because of regular practice of attitudes towards their jobs. They also get claim their grown in
multi national private organization also because of their attitude level. All peoples recognize
attitude peoples.
Medical terms related to brain disorder(2)
:
Psyche denoting mind, psychasthenia is an obsolete term for a group of neuroses
including phobias, anxiety states and obsessions. Psychedelic denotes drugs induce changes in
level of consciousness of the mind. Psychiatrist is medically qualified physician who specializes
in the study and treatment of mental disorders. Psychologist is a person who is busy in the
scientific lessons of mind. He may work in a university, in industry, in schools or in a hospital. A
clinical psychologist works in hospital to treat ill and handicapped, where as educational
psychologist trained in aspects of cognitive and emotional development of children, he engaged
in schools advisor of the management of children. Psychology is the science concerned with
human behavior. Experimental psychology processes motivation and learning. Psychometrices is
the measurement of human being differences in psychological functions by standardized
experiments. Psychomotor related to muscular and mental activity.psychopath, -psychopathic or
personality disorder human behaves in antisocial way. Psychopathology is the learn of mental
disorders explaining and describing unusual behavior. Other terms include psychopharmacology,
psychophysiology, psychosexual development, psychosis, psychosomatic, psychosurgery,
Psychotherapy, psychoticism, psychotropic, psychropilic, psychoanalysis, psychodrama,
psychogenic, psychogeriatrics, psychokinesis.
Table 1.0: Disorders of the brain(3)
.
S.No Brain
Disorders
Examples Symptoms Later
Develop
Treatment
1 Brain
injuries
Hematomas
blood clots
contusions, or bruising
of brain tissue
cerebral edema, or
swelling inside the skull
concussions
strokes
Vomiting
nausea
speech
difficulty
bleeding from
the ear
numbness
paralysis
memory loss
problems with
concentration
high
blood
pressure
a low
heart rate
pupil
dilation
irregular
breathing
Rehabilitation
physical therapy
speech and
language therapy
psychiatry
2 Brain
Tumors
Headaches seizures
numbness or tingling in
your arms or legs
surgery
chemotherapy
radiation therapy

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Nausea vomiting
changes in personality
difficulty with
movement or balance
changes in your hearing,
speech, or vision
3 Brain
diseases
Neurodegenerative
diseases
Alzheimer’s disease
Tay-Sachs disease
Huntington’s disease
ALS (amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis), or Lou
Gehrig’s disease
Parkinson’s disease
all forms of dementia
memory loss
forgetfulness
apathy
anxiety
agitation
a loss of
inhibition
mood changes
4 Mental
Disorders
Depression anxiety
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD)
schizophrenia
Experiment:
Materials and Methods:
Pacitane, oleanzipine, modafnil obtained from Fourrts india Laboratories,Chennai. Polylactic co
glycolic acid (PLGA) obtained from Orchid Laboratories Limited, Chennai. Ethanol, Acetone,
dimethylene chloride obtained from Madras Pharmaceuticals, Chennai.
Preparation of Nanoparticles:
The nanoparticles prepared by 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:6 ratio of Pacitane:PLGA (Trial A),
oleanzipine: PLGA (Trial B), and Modafnil:PLGA (Trial C). Nanoparticles prepared by
modified solvent evaporation method, the vibracell sonication used and mechanical bead used
for continous stirring in the glass beaker for the production of drug nano particles. The prepared
nanoparticles collected by centrifugation. The nanoparticles used to freeze dried and stored in the
aluminium foil. The acceleration stability studies upto one month produce 60 percentage of drug
release.

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Physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles:
The scaning electron microscope used to study the morphology characterstic of nanoparticles.
The prepared nanoparticle peaks correlated with standard drug. The spectral value was same for
both standard drug and nanoparticles. Therefore the drug excipient is compatible in
nanoparticles.
In vitro diffusion Studies:
The 2mg of nanoparticles dispersed in diffusion bag and dispersed in phosphate buffer saline pH
7.4 medium of 100 ml in diffusion apparatus and the drug release study carried to estimate the
drug content. The dissolution results is satisfactory. The UV-Vis spectrophotomet used for drug
content estimation. It was found that 80 drug releases observed in 24 hours.
Conclusion:
In modernday nanoparticle delivery exhibit considerable significant in successful therapy. The
pacitane nanoparticle experiment was carried as suitable model delivery system for brain
disorder. Other model drugs oleanzipine, modafnil etc can be prepared in future the clinical
significance will be studied.
Acknowledgement:
I express my sincere thanks to my teachers, my collegues, my classmates and my students.
I express gratitude to Nitesh Jain, Garima Arora, Human resource and K.Ravinder,
Pharmaceuticals, Dr.Reddys Laboratories, Hyderabad. I express gratitude to Dr.K.SathishKumar,
Dr.R.Parthiban, Dr.R.Anantharaj, Dr.D.Gnanaprakash, Dr.P.Senthil Kumar and all other staffs of
Department of chemical engineering, Dr.S.Salivahanan, SSN college of engineering,
Kalavakkam, Chennai. I communicate recognition to Dr.J.Suryakumar, Pharmaceuticals, orchid
pharmaceuticals, Chennai, India. I state my genuine appreciation to Dr.K.Ruckmani,
Dr.N.Subramanian, Dr. P.Selvamani, Dr.E.Sanmuga Priya, Department of pharmaceutical
technology, Dr.T.Senthil Kumar, Anna University, Trichy. I express gratefulness to Dr.MK
Biyani and AKM Chandra, FD, Shasun Pharmaceuticals, Pondy, I express my sincere thanks to
Dr.R.Sundararajan, Mohamed sathak A J college of pharmacy, Chennai.

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Reference:
1. The pocket medical dictionary, L.M.Harrison, CBS Publishers & Distributors, 1986,
p.no.343-344.
2. https://www.healthline.com/health/brain-disorders#risk-factors
3. Readers Digest A-Z of the human body, An illustrated guide to the world’s most amazing
machine, Editor Alma E. Guinness, Chapter 2, The Brain & Nervous system, 1987,
p.no.46-48.