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1. An Academic presentation by
Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica
Group: www.pubrica.com
Email: sales@pubrica.com
HOW TO WRITE A
CASE REPORT

2. Today's Discussion
Outline
In brief
Introduction
What kind of Cases should be reported?
The components of a case report
Overcoming Barriers to Writing Case Reports
Conclusion

3. IN BRIEF
The preparation of case reports, using existing
recommendations and a random sample of
recent case reports, researchers developed a
fill-in-the-blanks worksheet for doctors to record
specific scientific findings.
The case report worksheet, which was initially
designed to help family practice residents to
physicians in any practice environment
write case reports, can now be used by
and
speciality to compile and report important, rare,
or newsworthy cases.

4. INTRODUCTION
Case reports are "scientific findings that have
been meticulously collected to serve as a useful
educational and research guide."
Sir William Osier, who was the author of a number
of those experimental findings, urged other doctors
to do the same "Always take care of something out
of the ordinary.
Once you've made and documented the rare or
unique discovery, you can publish it."
Contd...
Contd...

5. The American Journal of Dermatopathology released a case study.
A case study was searched using keywords for different fields (e.g., obstetrics
and gynaecology, paediatrics, neurology and neurosurgery, dermatology,
general internal medicine, and family medicine), and a random sample of
reported case reports was chosen.

7. WHAT KIND OFCASES SHOULD
BE REPORTED?
According to our analysis of published cases and
applicable standards, case reports should describe a
unique presentation, not just modifying a previously
mentioned case.
A new or rare site for a previously identified illness, for
example, would not qualify as a one-of-a-kind occurrence
unless it is followed by previously undocumented signs or
necessitated an especially time-consuming and
expensive diagnosis procedure.
Contd...

8. In line with the tradition of published case reports, most case reports concern specialities
and subspecialties that document unusual or exceptional clinical experiences.

9. THE COMPONENTS OF A
CASE REPORT
Introduction, case presentation, and debate
were listed as the three main components of
most recently written material on how to write
case reports."
We propose that these five parts be included in
a case study, based on all of the
recommendations from previously published
guidance, as well as the structural elements of
many previously published publications and our
observations:
Contd...

11. ABSTRACT
Abstracts and the title are an integral part of each
article's electronic bibliographic background in
databases like MEDLINE.
Abstracts enable users to easily scan an article's
content to see if it is interesting enough to warrant
further reading.
Many publications that may be relevant to a
clinical condition may be overlooked if abstracts
are not used.
Contd...

12. We recommend including a brief abstract that includes the clinical
issue or dilemma, an outline of the literature review, and a brief
statement summarising why this case is rare and interesting in place of
or in addition to an introduction.
CASE HISTORY/REPORT
The case history or case report, which is usually taken from chart
notes and is a core component of written case studies, is the
second section.
It should start with a brief introduction to the patient(s) and a
description of the current condition.
Writers should provide details about the medical evaluation and
any test findings that offer insight into the actual situation.
Contd...

13. Still, not all test results should be provided, and "red herrings" should be avoided
because they are likely to create complications for other doctors.
Include normal laboratory values for samples that aren't as widely ordered.
The purpose is to include only the most important details to highlight the case's
most striking characteristics."
This section should include the original diagnosis, care, and follow-up schedule.
Tables, flow charts, photographs, radiographs, and figures can be included to
elucidate the case.

14. similar
is listed
to that
in the
LITERATURE REVIEW
The organised literature search,
described for systematic reviews,
methodology section for case reports.
A well-constructed clinical query should be
formulated," accompanied by an explanation of the
index words or MeSH headings used for the searches
such that anyone can replicate the search, such as
MeSH terms to address the clinical question, "What
are the potential causes of intractable perioral rash in
a 10-year-old boy?" "Dermatitis, perioral," or "facial
dermatoses," for example.
Contd...

15. The literature review should be concise and precise, intended to
ensure the case's uniqueness and provide a context for and role of the
latest evidence in the biomedical literature.
DISCUSSION
The most critical part of a case study is the discussion area.
This is where the writers explain why knowledge is important.
What about this patient described your attention or was unusual?
Why is it necessary to write this down? What would your
colleagues discover? Notice that not all subsets of the
worksheet's topic section would extend to all cases mentioned.
Contd...

16. Choose the places that can better help elucidate the situation, keeping
in mind the two case reporting watchwords: brevity and consistency.
The bulk of case studies reported in journals are fewer than three
journal pages long, and the vast majority are one article or less.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS SECTION
Finally, a short outline, conclusion, or recommendations
section—the take-home message—should be included in the
report.
This segment should include any lessons learned by the
practitioner when caring for this patient, such as family,
emotional, or quality-of-life lessons, physician-patient contact
barriers, or compliance problems.
Contd...

17. "Why," for example, is a good question to ask? "Now that I've had
this training, what will I do better next time?" or "May I make any
advice to other clinicians?" Study recommendations can also be
included.
This section should be short as well, usually no more than one or
two lines.

18. OVERCOMING BARRIERS TO
WRITING CASE REPORTS
A meeting of obstacles stands in the way practitioners
choose to write case reports or other manuscripts for
publication.
The most significant impediment is time.
By guiding the clinician's data collection, the case
report worksheet will help speed up preparing a case
report (those scientific observations that comprise a
case report).
Contd...

19. The comments and conclusions can be easily formatted into a
manuscript for submission until they're done.

20. CONCLUSION
Case studies must be concise, provide new or
unique information, and organise and present
clinical findings in a regular, systematic manner.
Editors and editorial boards of primary care and
family medicine journals should establish basic
requirements for approving case reports (type of
article, volume, etc.) and include those criteria in
each journal's instructions for authors.
The case study worksheet provides a standardised
guide to writing case reports that can compile and
arrange experimental findings into engaging and
publishable case reports.

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