5. Schematic plan for a monastery at St. Gall, Switzerland, 9 th Century CE.
6. Schematic plan for a monastery at St. Gall, Switzerland, 9 th Century CE. Although it was never built, the plan of St. Gall remains the model for ideal monasteries.
7. Schematic plan for a monastery at St. Gall, Switzerland, 9 th Century CE.
8. Schematic plan for a monastery at St. Gall, Switzerland, 9 th Century CE. Monasteries were meant to be self-sufficient communities much like many cities. Model of the city of Rome.
14. Flavian Amphitheater (Coliseum), Interior Vaults, Rome, 72-80 BCE. ★ Roman vaults were typically made with concrete, which is lighter and easier to form than stone. Groin Vault
15. ★ The knowledge to make concrete was lost to Medieval Europe. Saint-Martin-du-Canigou, French Pyrenees, 1001-1026. Groin Vault
27. Trumeau, South Portal Lions and Old Testament Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?) c.1115 Church of Saint-Pierre Moissac, France (Stokstad 15-23) Trumeau, South Portal, Lions and Old Testament Prophet (Jeremiah or Isaiah?), Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, c.1115
28. Trumeau, South Portal, Lions (Jeremiah or Isaiah?), Church of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, c.1115
40. “ immoderate height of [Cluniac] churches…their immoderate length, their excessive width, sumptuous decoration and finely executed pictures, which divert the attention of those who are praying.” – Bernard of Clairvaux, Apologia . Nave, Fontenay Abbey, France, 1139-1147. Nave, Monastery at Cluny, France, 1088-1130.
41. Nave, Fontenay Abbey, France, 1139-1147 Cloister, Priory Church, Moissac, Capital Detail Capital Detail
42. “ What profit is there in those ridiculous monsters, in that marvelous and deformed comeliness, that comely deformity?...So many and so marvelous are the varieties of divers shapes on every hand that we are more tempted to read in the marble than in our books, and spend the whole day in wondering at these things than in meditating upon the law of God. For God’s sake, if men are not ashamed of these follies, why at least do they not shrink from the expense?” – Bernard of Clairvaux Historiated Capital with Lions’ Heads, Cloister, Priory Church, Moissac, France, c. 1115.
49. “ a fiery light, flashing intensely, came from the open vault of heaven and poured through my whole brain.” The vision of Hildegard of Bingen, from Scivias (detail of facsimile). 1150-1175. Author Page, from Scivias (detail of facsimile). 1150-1175.
50. Reconstruction drawing of Cathedral. Santiago de Compostela, 1078-1122. The vision of Hildegard of Bingen, from Scivias (detail of facsimile). 1150-1175.
51. “ After this I saw a vast instrument, round and shadowed, in the shape of an egg, small at the top, large in the middle, and narrowed at the bottom; outside it, surrounding its circumference, there was a bright fire with, as it were, a shadowy zone under it. And in that fire there was a globe of sparkling flame so great that the whole instrument was illuminated by it.” Vision, from Scivias (detail of facsimile). 1150-1175.
52. “ Outward, my eyes are open. So I have never fallen prey to ecstasy in the visions, but I see them wide awake, day and night. And I am constantly fettered by sickness, and often in the grip of pain so intense it threatens to kill me. ” Vision, from Scivias (detail of facsimile). 1150-1175. Hubert Airy, Illustration of visual migraine aura, 1870.
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