2. Contents
Introduction
History
Biochip implant
Components of Biochips
Working
Applications
Advantages
Disadvantages
Conclusions
References
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3. Introduction
“Biochips”-The most exciting future technology is an outcome
of the fields of Electronics and Biology.
A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites arranged on
a solid substrate.
It permits many tests to be performed at the same time in
order to achieve higher throughput speed.
Like a computer chip that can perform millions of
mathematical operations in one second, a biochip can perform
thousands of biological reactions.
It’s no more required with biochips the good old idea of
remembering PINs, Passwords, and Social security numbers
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4. History
Biochip started with early work on the sensor technology.
One of the first portable, chemistry-based sensors was
the glass ph electrode, invented in 1922 by Hughes.
The biochip technology was originally developed in 1983.
It was used for monitoring fisheries.
Now it includes over 300 zoos, over 80 government
agencies in at least 20 countries.
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5. BIOCHIP IMPLANT
• Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the skin.
• Injection is safe and simple.
• Anesthesia is not required.
• Usually injected behind the neck.
6. Size of Biochip
The size of Biochip is of a size of an uncooked rice grain
size.
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7. Components of Biochip
The biochip implant system consists of mainly two
components.
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The
transponder
The reader
8. The biochip transponder consists of four parts:
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Computer
Microchip
Tuning
Capacitor
Antenna
Coil
Glass
Capsule
9. Transponder
The transponder is the actual biochip implant.
It is a passive transponder
The passive biochip contains no battery, or nothing to
wear out.
It has a very long life, up to 99 years and no maintenance
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10. Microchip
It stores unique identification number 10 to 15 digits
long.
ID number is encoded onto the surface of the microchip.
Not possible to alter the number.
It contains electronic circuitry necessary to transmit the
signals to the reader.
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11. Antenna coil
A simple coil of copper wire around ferrite core
This tiny radio antenna receives and sends signals from
the reader
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12. Tuning capacitor
The capacitor stores the small electrical charge sent by
the reader, which activates the transponder.
This activation allows the transponder to send back
the ID number encoded in the computer chip.
The radio waves are utilized to communicate between
the transponder and reader
The capacitor is tuned to the same frequency as the
reader
NMAM Institute of Technology 12
13. Glass capsule
The glass capsule houses the microchip, antenna coil and
capacitor.
It is a small capsule, the smallest measuring 11 mm in
length and 2 mm in diameter.(about the size of an
uncooked grain of rice).
The capsule is made of biocompatible material such as
soda lime glass.
After assembly, the capsule is air-tight sealed, so no
bodily fluids can touch the electronics inside.
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14. Insertion
The biochip is inserted into the subject with a hypodermic
syringe.
Injection is safe and simple, comparable to common
vaccines.
Anesthesia is not required nor recommended.
In dogs and cats, the biochip is usually injected behind
the neck between the shoulder blades.
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15. Reader
The reader consists of an exciter coil and receiver coil.
Exciter coil creates an electromagnetic field.
Through the radio signals it provides the necessary
energy to excite or activate the implanted biochip.
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16. Working
The biochip system is radio frequency identification (RFID)
system.
Uses low frequency radio signals to communicate between the
biochip and reader.
The reader generates a low-power, electromagnetic field, in
this case via radio signals , which activates the implanted
biochip.
This activation enables the biochip to send the ID code back
to the reader via radio signals.
The reader amplifies the received code, converts it to digital
format, decodes and displays the ID number on the reader's
LCD display.
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17. Applications
With a biochip tracing of a person or animal, anywhere in
the world is possible.
A biochip can store and update financial, medical,
basically everything about a person.
A biochip leads to a secured E-Commerce systems.
Medical implementations such as Glucose detector,
Oxygen sensor and Blood pressure sensor.
Infectious diseases like HIV , TB and malaria can be
detected.
Biochip is used to detect Cancer Symptoms.
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18. Advantages
Small in size-Portable.
Saves energy so it can be used for long term usage.
Rescues the sick.
Helps in finding lost people.
Identifies each person uniquely.
Increases the speed of diagnosis.
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19. Disadvantages
Cost is high.
Once the number is encoded it is impossible to alter.
Standardization is required.
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20. Conclusions
Biochips are likely to have a significant business in future.
A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might
serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's
license, etc
No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the
credit cards while traveling.
A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us
extra mental power.
The day in which we have chips embedded in our skins is
not too far from now.
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21. References
“Biochips-The IC of Biology” DTU Infomatics , Technical University of
Denmark , IEEE Journal-January 2012
“Advanced Biochip”G.D.Griffin.A.L.Winterberg,Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, IEEE Journal-May 2003
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
(ISSN 2250 2459, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012)
www.ijetae.com/files/Volume2Issue3/IJETAE_0312_22
Biochips History-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochips
Users/HP/downloads/biochips/RadioFrequencyIdentification/Implants.html
National Centre for Biotechnology Information,Microarrays: Chipping away
at the Mysteries of medicine (mar.30,2004)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/about/primer/microarrays
Users/HP/downloads/biochips/BiochipImplant/html
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