Basically A biochip is a collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate that allows many tests to be performed at the same time in order to achieve higher throughput and pace. Typically, a biochip's surface area is no larger than a fingernail. Like a computer chip that can perform millions of mathematical operations in one second, a biochip can perform thousands of biological reactions, such as decoding genes in few seconds. For find more info about biochip, go through this presentation.it will help you for know more about this topic. thank you.

1. PRESENTED BY :
PRAKALP GAUTAM
M.TECH(NANOTECHNOLOGY)
JAMIA MILLIA ISLAMIA,NEW DELHI

2. INTRODUCTION :-
• Collection of miniaturized test sites(microarrays)
arranged on a solid substrate.
• It allows many tests to be performed at the same time in
order to achieve higher throughput and pace.
• Surface area is no longer than a fingernail.
• A biochip like a computer chip that can perform
millions of mathematical operations and thousands of
biological reactions in few seconds such as decoding
genes in few seconds.
• Chips are of the size of uncooked grain of rice small
enough to injected under the skin using a syringe needle.

3. Fig : ACTUAL SIZE(11.5mm) OF
BIOCHIP COMPARED WITH
UNCOOKED GRAIN OF RICE.

4. DEFINATION :-
• Collection of micro array arranged on a solid substrate.
• It is a new type of computer logic bio security device
implanting in our body that can identify us uniquely and can
used to trace out location.
• Can perform thousands of biological reactions.
• It is the outcome of the field computer science , electronic
and biology.
Fig : Syringe needle Fig : Biochips

5. WHERE IT IS INJECTED ?
 In PETS it is injected behind the neck.
 In HUMANS it is injected in hands or in the forehead.

6. COMPONENTS :-
Biochip implant system consist of two component.
• Transponder .
• Reader or scanner.

7. TRANSPONDER :-
Transponder Consist of Four Parts :-
1. Computer Microchip.
2. Antenna Coil.
3. Tuning Capacitor.
4. Glass Capsule.

8. • Computer Microchip :-
The microchip stores a unique identification number(UID)
from 10 to 15 digits long. The UID in encoded through a laser.
• Antenna Coil :-
It is a coil of copper wire around a iron core. This tiny radio
antenna receives and send signals from the reader.

9.  Tuning Capacitor :-
This capacitor is charged by the small signal sent by the
reader. And also stored the electrical charge(less than 1/1000 of
watt) send by the reader to activate the Transponder.
 Glass Capsule :-
The glass capsule holds the microchip , antenna coil and
capacitor. It is a small capsule.(11mm in length &
2mm in diameter).
It is made of biocompatible material
such as soda lime glass.

10. READER OR SCANNER :-
• Consist of an “exciter” coil which creates electromagnetic
signal.
• Provide energy to “activate” the implanted biochip.
• Also carries a receiving coil to receive ID number.
• Reader decode the received code and display the result in the
LCD display .
•All done in millisecond.

11. WORKING:-
• Reader transmits a Low-power radio signal and activate
the implanted biochip.
• ID Number is transmitted by the transponder and received
by the reader.
• Reader display the ID number on the reader’s LCD
display.
•This number is then compared with a Database listing of
already registered details.

12. BIOCHIP IMPLANT :-
• Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the skin.
• Injection is safe and simple.
• Anesthesia is not required.
• Usually injected behind the neck .

13. APPLICATION :-
• With a biochip , we can use to trace of a person/animal
anywhere in the world.
•Biochip can be integrated with oxygen sensor. The chip is
used for sensing oxygen or glucose in blood and BP.
•Biochip underneath the skin sense the glucose level and
sends the results back to the system out by Radio
frequency communication.

14. (DIS)ADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
 Small in size.
 Faster & powerful.
 To locate lost people and
animals all over the world.
 Easy to use.
DIS-ADVANTAGES
 They raise critical issues of
personal privacy.
 They mark the end of human
freedom and dignity.

15. FUTURE :-
• A chip implanted some where in human body might
serve as a combination of
1. Credit card
2. Driving license
3. Passport
4. Personal identification etc.
• No longer would it be needed to worry about losing all
above thing.
• Can also widely established in medical field.

16. Biochips are :-
• Fast
• Accurate
• Miniaturized
• Advantages upon conventional Analyzer.
• Expected to become economically advantageous
attributes that make them analogous to computer chip.

17. REFERENCES
 Prof. T.Venkat Narayana Rao1, Sai Sukruthi.G2, Gloria
Raj3 “Biochip Technology –A Gigantic Innovation” .
 Images source-Google .

18. THANK YOU