2. Table of Contents Ser Estar Verbs Like Gustar Hacer Expressions Pretérito Trigger Words Car Gar Zar Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs Snakes and Snakeys Commands DOP’s Irregular TV Dishes IOP’s Se Impersonal Past Participles as adjectives El futuro and ir+a+infinitive Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns Imperfect Tense + irregualrs Los Mandatos Informal + irregulars Formal + Irregulars DOP + IOP Placement Modal Verbs Reflexives Saber vs. Conocer
3. SER-(Permanent) Descriptions Origin Characteristics Time Occupation Relationships Possessions Events Dates (Quées?) (De dondees?) (Como es?) (Quéhoraes?) (QuéHace?) (Quienes?) (De quienes?) (Cuando/ Dondees?) (Quédiaeshoy? Cuales la fechahoy? Cuandoestucumpleanos?) Ser O Estar Questions
4. Estar-(Temporary) Health Emotions Locations Present condition I Ar- Ando N Er/Ir- Endo G -Yendo (Como Estas? Bien/Mal) (Como Estas? Enojado) (DondeEstas?) (Como Está?) {Quéestashaciendo?} Ser O Estar Cont… Questions
5. Pronouns Me gusta(n) Te falta(n) Le duele(n) Nosfascina(n) Les molesta(n) Gustar- To like Faltar- To fail Doler(ue)- To hurt Fascinar- To be fascinated Molestar- To bother “N” attached to the word when it is plural Verbs Like Gustar Verbs
6. Hacer Expressions include verbs that are in present and past tenses. Present Tense » Since & For Pretérit Tense » Ago Hacer Expressions
8. Trigger words are words that come before a preterit verb. Ex: Ayer-(yesterday), Anteayer-(the day before yesterday), A lasocho-(at eight o’clock), El lunespasado-(last Monday), Etoneces-(tonight), Desde el primer momento-(from the first moment), Hace dos dias-(two days ago) Trigger Words
10. Hacer- HiceIr y Ser- Fui HicisteFuiste HizoFue HicimosFuimos HicieronFueron Dar y Ver- (same ending) Dar- Di Ver- Vi DisteViste DioVio DimosVimos DieronVieron Spock Verbs
11. AndarAnduv- é-Yo EstarEstuv- iste-Tu PoderPud- ó-el/ella Poner Pus- imos-nos QuererQuis- isties-vos Saber Sup- ieron-ellos/ellas TenerTuv- Vener Vin- ConducirConduj- ProducirProduj- TraducirTraduj- DecirDij- < drop “I” on the the endings Traer Traj- < drop “I” on the the endings Cucaracha Verbs
12. Snakes- Preterite Irregulars Dormir- Stem change in 3rd person DormiDormimos DormisteDormsteis DurmióDurmieron Leer- i to y in 3rd person Leíleímos Leísteleístes Leyoleyeron Snakes and Snakeys Snakeys
13. Process Change to yo form and add opposite vowel Add DOP Precedes conjugated verb Attaches to verb when Infinitive Affirmative command Gerund EX: I ate the apple. Comíunamanzana. I ate it. La comí. Regular Commands
14. Direct object pronouns Question: What receives the action of the verb? Pronouns: Me Nos te Lo/los, la/las Se Ex: Eat it. Lo comí. DOP’s
15. TengoT-tenga Irregulars commands are VenirV- venga verbs that conjugate differently Dar D- de that the other command verbs. IrI- vaya Ser S- sea HacerH- haga EstarE- esté Saber S- sepa TV Dishes and Irregulars
16. Indirect object pronouns Question: To whom or for whom receives the verb? Pronouns: Me nos Te os Le(se) les(se) Ex: She gave it to me. Me lo dió. IOP’s
17. “Se” is a word that avoids specific ownership of something. “Se” is always used in the third person. Ex: Se compraunamanzana. “Se” can be used in all tenses. Ex: Se hizó mucho. Se hará mucho. Se habíahecho. Se impersonal
18. Past Participles as Adjectives They agree with the nouns in gender and number. Add “ado” to the end of “ar” verbs and add “ido” to the end of “ir” and “er”verbs. Ex: El pollocomido. Or Ex: La manzana comida.
19. El FuturoIR+A+Infinitive In the future tense instead of conjugating the infinitive you and the conjugation onto the infinitive . Yo- Infinitive + é Tú- Infinitive + ás El- Infinitive + á Nosotros- Infinitive + emos Ellos- Infinitive + án Add the conjugated version of the ir that agrees with the sentence. Then add “a” and last add the infinitive of the verb in the sentence. María y Juan estudianhoy. Ex: Mañanaellosvan a estudiar.
20. Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns The pronouns point something out. They must agree in number and gender. To make a pronoun add an accent over the “e” . Singular Este/esta(this) Ese/Esa (that) Aquel/Aquella (that over there) Plural Estes/estas (these) Eses/Esas (those) Aquels/Aquellas (those over there)
21. Imperfect Tense They are used to show actions that are in progress.
