This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including: - Verbs like ser, estar, gustar, hacer expressions, preterito, trigger words - Irregular verb forms like car, gar, zar verbs and spock verbs - Concepts like DOPs, affirmative commands, irregular commands, IOPs, se impersonal - Notes on snakes, snakeys, and uses of se to avoid specifying a person doing the action

1. Grammar Book Alejandro Bentle

2. Table of Contents Ser Estar Verbs like Gustar Hacer Expressions Preterito Trigger words Car, Gar, Zar Spock Verbs Cucuracha Verbs DOP Affirmative Commands Irregular Commands IOP Snakes Snakeys Se Impersonal

3. SER! Description-¿Quees? (Ex: Un papel, un libro) Origin-¿De Donde Es? (Ex: Nicaragua) Characteristics-¿Como Es? (Ex: Alto) Time- ¿QueHora Es? (Ex: Son las dos) Occupation- ¿QueHace (Ex: Es Doctor) Relationships- ¿Quien Es? (Ex: Es mi mama) Possession- ¿De Quien Es? Events- ¿Cuando/Donde Es? (Ex: La Clase) Dates- ¿QueDiaes Hoy? (Ex: Lunes)

4. ESTAR! Health- ¿Como Estas? (Ex: Bien) Emotions- ¿Como Estas? (Ex: Triste) Location- ¿DondeEstas? (Ex:La Casa) Present condition- ¿Como Esta? (Ex: Nublado) “ING”- ar: ando/ er-ir: endo

6. Me

7. Te

8. Les

9. Nos

10. Os

11. Les-Me gustancarros -Les gustanzanahorias

13. Antayer

14. A las (any time)

15. El (insert day)Estoes el preterito!

16. PRETERITO (continued) YO Tú Él, ella, Ud Nosotros Ellos, Ustedes

17. TRIGGER WORDS

18. CAR, GAR, ZAR In order to preserve the sound of the infinitive, a number of verbs change spelling in the preterite tense. The following changes occur in the "yo" form only

20. Iste

21. o

22. Imos

23. Isteis

26. IRREGULAR COMMANDS Affirmative Negative

27. IOPs Answers the question: To Whom For Whom Has no feminine factors Examples: I gaveitto her -----›Se lo di Give it to him -----› déselo

28. SNAKES Snakes stem change in 3rd person

29. SNAKEYS Snakeys are verbs like leer, creer, and oir. Change the I to the y in the 3rd person

30. SE IMPERSONAL Use se to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verb. Sevendefruta en la frutería. When using se, the verb is always in the 3rd person. Aquísehablaespañol. Se can be used in all tenses. Sehizo mucho. Sehará mucho. Sehabíahecho.