The document discusses the importance of reflective practice in integrating nursing theory and practice. Reflective practice requires facilitating student reasoning to recognize ambiguity in clinical settings. Several models of reflective practice are presented, including Schon's reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action, Gibbs' six step model, and the reflective teacher model which emphasizes developing teachers as reflective practitioners.

1. Correlation of Theory and
Practice
The practical syllogism is the specific feature
of practical wisdom which directly links theory
and practice in a way which maintains the
unity of the clinical experience.
-Lauder William -2004

2. MEANING OF THEORY AND
PRACTICE
Theories are setup inter- related concept that give
the systematic view of phenomena that is
explanatory-predictive in nature.
Practice is a form of doing action in which practical
wisdom and a morally enlightened disposition are
the bases of professional actions.

3. Reflective Practice
• Integration refers to continuous, Intelligent and
interactive adjusting
- Hopkins
The un-reflected life is not worth living
- Plato
• Reflective practice is the cornerstone of uniting
theory and practice in health promotion because
the building together of the past and the present
determines future health promotion actions.
-(Naidoo and wills-1998)

4. Domains Involved in Integrating Nursing
Service and Nursing Education
Learning is a process of discovery and mastery of
skills. Performance based learning to function
competently in an environment takes place at three
levels.
Cognitive domain – knowledge
Affective domains – attitude
Psychomotor domains – practice

5. Correlation of Theory and Practice

6. • (Reflective practice requires the teacher to
facilitate the reasoning process to help students
to recognize ambiguity and clarify in clinical
settings.
• Integration is a state of wholeness, harmony and
relatedness. It also a means to blend things
together into a harmonious whole and
opportunities should be provided.

7. Why is reflective thinking / practice
important?
• Modern society is becoming more complex
information is becoming available and
changing more rapidly prompting users to
constantly rething, switch directions, and
change problem solving strategies.
• To promote clinical reasoning and analytical
evaluation abilities in students.

8. • To apply new knowledge to the complex situations in
their day to day activities.
• To develop higher order thinking skills by prompting
learners to
A. relate new knowledge to prior understanding
B. think in both abstract and conceptual terms.
C. apply specific strategies in novel tasks.
D. Understand their own thinking and learning
strategies.

9. USES OF REFLECTIVE PRACTICE
Reflective practice can facilitate and enhance
• Acceptance of, and increased confidence with, the
essential complexity and uncertainty of professional
life.
• Reflexive critical awareness of personal values,
ethics, prejudices, assumptions of professional
identity, decision-making processes

10. CONTD…
• Reflexive critical awareness of the
professional milieu: its values, ethics,
assumptions about roles and identity
• Acceptance of and willingness to explore, the
interrelatedness of the professional and the
personal
• Sensitive, fruitful review of forgotten areas of
practice

11. • Analysis of hesitations, skill and knowledge
gaps
• Constructive awareness of collegial relationships
• Relief of stress by facing problematic or
painful episodes
• Identification of learning needs
• Dissemination of experience and expertise to
and from colleagues
• Increased confidence in professional practice

12. How can I introduce reflective
practice in to my teaching?
Self and peer assessment
Problem based learning
Personal development planning

13. Self And Peer Assessment
• It’s the involvement of student in identifying
standards or criteria to apply to their work and
making judgment about the extent to which they
have met this criteria and standards.
• Self assessment involves two clear stages.
1. Learner understands standards of criteria.
2 . The making of own judgment against those
criteria

14. Contd….
• Peer assessment describes about making judgment
about the quality of each other work in relation to
agreed criteria.
• Peer assessment describes about making judgment
about the quality of each other work in relation to
agreed criteria.
Uses
• helps the learners to encourage to make
qualitative commands about the work of peers

15. Problem based learning
• Problem based learning starts with problems
and require the students to research, select,
analyse and apply information and theories to
solve it.
Uses
• Problem based learning helps to students to
think on their feet and draw on previous
experience to transfer in to new settings.

16. Personal development planning
• It’s a structured and supported process under
taken by an individual to reflect upon their own
learning, performance and achievement to plan
for their personal educational and career
development.
- Quality assurance agency 2001

17. Uses of personal development
planning
• Help students become more effective,
independent and confident self directed
learners.
• Understand how they are learning and relate
their learning to a wider context.
• Improve their general skills for study and
career management.

18. • Articulate their personal goals and evaluate
progress towards their achievement.
• Encourage a positive attitude to learning
throughout life.
• Improving and encouraging dialogue between
learners and teachers

19. Reflective practice model
Schon identifies two kinds of reflection
• Reflection in action The person will reflect
action during an
event?(what can I do
now to improve?)
• Reflection on action This is retrospection
reflect on actions that
have already
occurred. (what can I
do next time to
improve things?)

20. GIBBS SIX STEPS MODEL
Reflective Practice

21. Conceptualising Critical Reflective Practice

22. Reflective teacher model
• This model based upon a philosophy of active
and experiential learning and critical inquiry in
to underlying issues in education and society
from multiple perspectives.

24. Academic Programs
• The reflective Teacher Model is an
undergraduate teacher education program
based upon philosophy of active and
experiential learning and critical inquiry into
underlying issues in education and society
from multiple perspectives .

25. This philosophy emphasizes the development of
the pre-service teacher as a reflective
practitioner who exhibits the following
characteristics
• Reflective teacher are purposeful and active
• Reflective initiate instruction cognizant of the needs
of the student as expressed through their
experience
• Reflective teachers aim instruction towards actions
or convictions that resolve the questions, tensions,
and perplexities that imitated the student’s
process of inquiry.

26. • Reflective teachers are open to the
individuality of students
• Reflective teachers recognize that the social
process of education is also personal, and that
it cannot be coerced from others, but must be
chosen by them.

27. • Reflective teachers are sympathetic to the interests,
needs and insights of the students capacity as
reflective thinkers
• Reflective teachers take seriously student’s
problem. Hypotheses , and conclusions.
• Reflective teachers are patient
• Reflective teachers know that it takes time for ideas
to be developed, delineated, and evaluated

28. • Reflective teachers are flexible.
• Reflective teachers allow for divergence and
technological change. They seek to expand
option rather than limit them. They consider
alternative methods and points of view ,and they
are willing to change their mind.
• Reflective teachers explore, investigate ,and
grow. They are suspicious of their own
conclusions because they know that they are
learners.

29. • Reflective teachers are self –regarding
• Reflective teachers take their own reasoning
processes as part of their field of inquiry. They
are conscious of their assumptions, logic,
choices, priorities, and conclusions

30. Conclusions
• Both theory and practice must supplement and
support each other rather than come as two
distinct and separate experiences. Nursing skill
requires 3H.
• Head now needs to hold more, Hands must be
ever sever and more skillful and Heart must
open ever widest as the head and hands
become busier.
• Integration of nursing education with nursing
service is important to give a quality nursing
care.