The document discusses Basidiomycota, a phylum of fungi that produce basidia and basidiospores. It focuses on Puccinia graminis tritici, the causal organism of black stem rust of wheat. P. graminis is heterocious, alternating between wheat and barberry hosts. On wheat, it produces urediniospores and teliospores, while on barberry it produces pycniospores and then aeciospores which can infect wheat to complete its life cycle. Control methods for the wheat-infecting black stem rust include eradicating its barberry host, fungicide application, and growing resistant wheat varieties.

1. BASIDIOMYCOTINA
By
Maryam Shakeel

2. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Domain
Kingdom
Subkingdom Dikarya
Phylum Basidiomycota
Eukarya
Fungi

3. GENERAL ACCOUNT
Septate hyphea
Hyphal wall microfibril of chitin & glucans
Dolipore septum

4. MYCELIUM
Primary
• Monokaryon
Secondary
• Diakaryon
• Characterized by Clamp connection
Tertiary
• Organized. specialized tissue that make
up the basidiocarp

5. DIAGNOSTIC FEATURE
Production of
basidia
Diakaryon
Clamp
connection

6. CLAMP CONNECTION:

8. DIKARYOTIZATION
 Interaction between two compatible homokaryotic
mycelia

10.  Parasite of many cereals
• Wheat
• Barley
• Rye
• Oats
 700 species have been reported

11. PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI
 Black stem rust of wheat
 Heterocious & macrocyclic
Wheat Barberry
Pycniospore
s
Aeciospores
Urediniospores Teliospores Basidiospore

12. WHEAT INFECTION

13. URIDINOSPORE
Aeciospores germinate on wheat
Germ tube penetrate
Fungus grow (Diakaryotic
mycelium)
Urdinium produce
Uridinospore

14. TELIOSPORE
 Dark red, thick walled & two celled.
 Its presence provide its name black stem rust of
wheat
 Overwintering stage

16. BASIDIOSPORES
 Teliospore producd metabasidium
 4 haploid nuclei
 Four cells (probasidium)
 Sterigma develop on which spores produce
Meiosis
Septa formation

18. BARBERRY INFECTION
 Basidiospore infect young
leaves on barberry
 Formation of (n) myelium

19. PYCNIAOSPORES
 Hyphae of fungus near the upper
epidermis develop Pycnia
 Then penetrate in the epidermis.
 Mouth of flask lined by Periphyses
 Flexuous hyphae(receptive hyphae)
are present among them
 Tapering cells give rise to
pycniospores.

20. AECIOSPORES
 Hyphae near the lower epidermis are
aecial primordia.
 Pycnial nuclei travel down to these cells
to make them binucleated
 Dikaryons produce chain of cells
 Longer cell aeciospores
 Shorter cell crushed
 During formation of spores, peridium
formed

23. CONTROL OF THIS DISEASE
 Eradication of Alternative host
 Eradication of stubbles
 Cultivation of Early Maturing Varieties
 Proper Manuring
 Proper Irrigation
 Fungicides
 Resistant Varieties

24. BENEFITS
 Mycorrhizal Relationship
 Decomposition
 Destroy crops
HARMFUL ASPECTS