tổ chức lớp viết báo khoa học kỹ thuật đăng trên tạp chí quốc tế (13)

1. Tổ chức lớp viết báo khoa học Kỹ thuật đăng trên tạp chí
quốc tế (14)
(Electrical Engineering, Information Engineering)
Kha Thái Đức
Đại học Lạc Hồng Giám đốc trung tâm viết báo khoa học bằng tiếng Anh
柯泰德線上英文論文編修訓練服務
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw
Viết Tiếng Anh Học Thuật

2. Tiểu sử cá nhân
Kha Thái Đức (Ted Knoy) đã dạy viết tiếng Anh kỹ
thuật trong các trường đại học ở Đài Loan hơn hai
mươi năm. Ông là tác giả của mười bốn cuốn
sách về viết tiếng Anh kỹ thuật và chuyên nghiệp.
Ông đã thành lập một trung tâm viết tiếng Anh tại
trường đại học Y Yunpei đồng thời cũng là giảng
viên toàn thời gian tại trường. Ông đã chỉnh sửa
trên 55,000 bài viết cho việc đăng báo nghiên cứu
khoa học từ năm 1989. Ông là cũng nhà biên tập
tiếng anh cho một số tạp chí về khoa học, kỹ thuật
và y học của Đài Loan.

3. A. Nền tảng (Background)
• Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu (Setting of research proposal):
Mô tả một xu hướng phổ biến, phát triển hoặc hiện tượng trong lĩnh vực
của bạn để người đọc có thể hiểu được bối cảnh mà bạn đề xuất
nghiên cứu đang được thực hiện .
• Vấn đề nghiên cứu (Research problem) : Mô tả các hạn chế chính
hoặc thất bại của các nghiên cứu trước đây hoặc các phương pháp đã
nghiên cứu khi giải quyết các xu hướng, phát triển hoặc hiện tượng đã
nêu .
• Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu (Quantitative
specification of research problem): Định lượng hoặc đưa ra một ví
dụ về vấn đề nghiên cứu được trích dẫn trong tài liệu tham khảo trước
đó.
• Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu (Importance of research
problem) : Mô tả các hậu quả về mặt lý thuyết và thực tế nếu không
giải quyết vấn đề nghiên cứu.

4. B. Thực hiện (Action)
• Mục tiêu nghiên cứu (Research objective) : Mô tả mục tiêu của
nghiên cứu đề xuất của bạn và bao gồm các đặc điểm chính riêng biệt
của nghiên cứu để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu , điều mà đã không
được thực hiện trong nghiên cứu trước đây ( một câu )
• Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu (Methodology to
achieve research objective) : Mô tả ba hoặc bốn bước chính để đạt
được mục tiêu nghiên cứu của bạn .
• Kết quả dự kiến ( Anticipated results) : Mô tả các kết quả định lượng​​
mà bạn hy vọng sẽ đạt được trong nghiên cứu của bạn.
• Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn (Theoretical and
practical contribution to field) : Mô tả cách thức phương pháp hoặc
kết quả nghiên cứu đề xuất của bạn sẽ đóng góp về mặt lý thuyết trong
lĩnh vực nghiên cứu, quy luật và cũng đóng góp thiết thực trong sản
xuất, ngành công nghiệp dịch vụ.

5. Ví dụ 1: Electrical Engineering
Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu Computer networks and electronic
data pervade daily life. Information accessed from the Internet or
transferred between electronic devices must be protected to ensure
confidentiality. Thus, wired or wireless communication protocols contain
various cryptography algorithms to ensure confidentiality and
authentication. Of those, elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) hs become
popular with the emergence of wireless applications owing to its ability to
provide a mandatory security level with fewer bit numbers than the RSA
algorithm can, which is extensively used in cryptography applications.
Vấn đề nghiên cứu The crypto module is often implemented in hardware
to facilitate crypto algorithm applications. Despite the availability of the
ECC hardware accelerator, the ECC algorithm has two fields: finite
polynomial and finite prime. In these two fields, the operators of ECC have
different definitions. These hardware accelerators can be only used either
in a finite polynomial field or in a finite prime field. Given this limitation,
users should embed two ECC hardware accelerators that can handle a
specific field; otherwise, the flexibility to select which field of ECC
application to utilize is lost.

6. Ví dụ 1 (cont.)
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên
cứu For instance, if two crypto accelerators are
embedded in a chip, the area overhead is quite large
and the chip cost markedly increases owing to the
considerably large area requirement of the crypto
hardware accelerator. Moreover, the power
consumed by the redundant ECC accelerator lowers
the competitiveness of the manufactured chip.
Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu The
inability to develop a ECC acceleraor for use in both
finite polynomial field and finite prime field makes it
difficult to integrate the ECC crypto algorithm in all
communication protocols.

7. Ví dụ 1 (cont.)
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Based on the above, we should
develop a novel architecture of an ECC hardware crypto
module, capable of flexible use in both the finite prime field
and the finite polynomial field. Also, the ECC crypto module
can switch to a specific field by simply configuring the
programming registers.
Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do
so, the shared components of the operations in the finite
polynomial field and the finite prime field can be surveyed
thoroughly. Efficient data path and a customized instruction
set can then be defined based on the shared components.
Next, an ECC hardware crypto accelerator can be
implemented.

8. Ví dụ 1 (cont.)
Kết quả dự kiến As anticipated, the proposed
architecture can decrease the area and power consumption
overhead by 40% over that of a chip using separated ECC
crypto modules for various fields. Also, the ECC hardware
component can flexibly support its application in various
communication protocols, e.g., 802.11n.
Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn The
proposed architecture can be used to design an ECC
hardware crypto module that can handle the finite
polynomial field and the finite prime field. Adaptability of
the proposed ECC crypto module can facilitate use of the
ECC algorithm in various computing devices to establish a
secure communication channel.

9. Ví dụ 2: Electrical Engineering
Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu Network applications
enable the transmission of data, voice and images between
two users, enabling them access the Internet conveniently.
Vấn đề nghiên cứu However, the Internet has public
access, with information easily acquired or altered by
malicious hackers, thus compromising network security.
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu In
practice, a CPU processes all traffic by encrypting outgoing
traffic and decrypting incoming traffic. An inevitably increased
load will incur a loss of frames and negatively impact normal
operations.
Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu A lost frame
leads to the discarding of related framers, subsequently
incurring the other side to re-transmit data and ultimately
increasing overhead network costs.

10. Ví dụ 2 (cont.)
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Based on the above, we should develop a
novel mechanism to alleviate the above negative impact. By
processing only the control frame, the CPU will execute its main
functions, but not perform encryption/decryption for traffic, thus
reducing CPU loading and achieving a high wire-speed connection.
Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do so,
security can be implemented by FPGA, i.e. a prototype for hardware
implementation. Hardware can be implemented as follows. The
design can be divided into a control plan and a data plan. Next, the
CPU can be used to write some control parameters into control
registers of the hardware through the control plan. Additionally, all
traffic coming into the data plan can be incorporated into a cryptal
engine to encrypt or decrypt. Moreover, outgoing data after
encryption can become ciphertxt, while incoming data after
decryption can become plaintext. Also, hardware can be
implemented using Verilog code. Furthermore, Verilog can be
downloaded into a FPGA prototype.

11. Ví dụ 2 (cont.)
Kết quả dự kiến As anticipated, the proposed
mechanism can ensure that a high wire-speed
connection can be achieved by hardware
implementation. Encryption and decryption can
also be executed by hardware. Additionally, wire-
speed can decrease the CPU loading, and all
traffic will not enter the CPU.
Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn
Moreover, via the proposed mechanism, the CPU
can be absorbed to execute its main functions,
thus decreasing frame losses, alleviating traffic
congestion, reducing latency, and enhancing
network security.

12. Ví dụ 3: Information Engineering
Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu Internet security has
significantly increased in recent years, as evidenced by the growing
number of enterprises that construct computer firewalls to withstand
external attacks and viruses. Capable of protecting data
transactions between the Internet and a company’s intranet, a
virtual private network (VPN) utilizes a reliable encrypting
mechanism to protect all data transfers. VPN is normally adopted
within a company or between several companies to establish a
private communication network over the Internet.
Vấn đề nghiên cứu However, constructing a VPN requires a
customized hardware server and complex expertise settings, often
involving prohibitively high overhead costs that small companies
cannot afford. Additionally, VPN uses a tunnel scheme, e.g., IPSec
and SSL, thus preventing these protocols from passing through all
firewalls. Thus, some VPN servers must stationed outside of the
firewall, thus compromising the security of the VPN server.

13. Ví dụ 3 (cont.)
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề
nghiên cứu For instance, recent statistics
indicate that 70% of all VPN servers are under
attack each hour if firewall protection is
unavailable. Withstanding these attacks expends
considerable computational power of VPN servers,
subsequently degrading VPN performance.
Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu Above
limitations incur high overhead costs in transaction
time. Additionally, the prohibitively expensive
outlay setup compromises the security of
transactions from small companies that can not
afford VPN.

14. Ví dụ 3 (cont.)
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Based on the above, we should develop an
economically feasible scheme to reduce the cost of installing VPN and
increase efficiency based on the ability to prevent attacks of a company
firewall from the Internet.
Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do so, rather
than using a customized VPN server, a pure software environment can
be created that comprises both the server and client programs. Each
computer can function as a VPN server by installing the server once.
The software solution can effectively lower construction costs of a VPN
environment. Next, to achieve transparency among all firewalls, a
tunneling scheme based on “https” protocol can be adopted to pass
through the firewalls since the https protocol is transparent among all
firewalls. This protocol can possess sufficient security capabilities to
protect the confidentiality of transactions. Additionally, transaction
performance can be enhanced by basing this program on network layer
consisting of two MAC layers, rather than three IP layers, thus
increasing the efficiency of this program.

15. Ví dụ 3 (cont.)
Kết quả dự kiến As anticipated, the proposed scheme can
enhance performance by nearly 50% over that of the
conventional VPN topology. The economically feasible setup
cost ensures transparency among firewalls. Until now, this
program has passed through 50 testing firewalls without being
filtered out.
Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn In
addition to reducing installation costs of a VPN, the proposed
scheme can also make transactions transparent to firewalls.
Setting the VPN server behind firewalls can ensure security and
increase efficiency. Results of this study can contribute to
establish other VPN mechanisms that are economically feasible
for small companies.

16. Ví dụ 4: Information Engineering
Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu Advertising on mobile handheld
devices has increased with technological advances and global efforts
to adopt text-based and multi-media messages in marketing
communication. Interest can be found in newspapers, trade press and
research. Additionally, marketing of mobile handheld devices and
mobile commerce/business has been extensively studied. Moreover,
the tremendous subscription rate of mobile services exceeding 90% in
advanced countries has enormous market potential. Market
development is bolstered by both technical development and a cultural
context, which has integrated mobile communications into daily life, as
attested by the expanding consumption of text-based and multi-media
messages.

17. Ví dụ 4 (cont.)
Vấn đề nghiên cứu Despite the number of studies focusing on
mobile marketing communication, the theoretical development and
conceptualization of mobile communication have received less
attention. Marketing terms (referred to herein as mobile marketing
terms) are used although not explicitly defined. Various terms appear
to refer to the same phenomenon. In addition to the conceptual variety
and confusing use, exactly how applied terms are related to other
concepts has not been clarified.
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu As evidence
of conceptual confusion, mobile marketing in many studies apparently
refers to smaller groups of processes that the marketing concept
involves. For instance, Kalakota and Robinson (2002) defined mobile
marketing as “the distribution of any kind of message or promotion that
adds value to the customer while enhancing revenue for the firm.”
From a conventional marketing management perspective, such a
description is more appropriate for the 4P strategy (e.g., promotion),
marketing communications, rather than dynamic mobile marketing.

18. Ví dụ 4 (cont.)
Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu Advertising as one-way
communication from the marketer to consumer appears to be much
more restricted than what mobile phones enable marketers to do. In
the latter channel, the receiver of the message can react by phoning
the marketer, sending the company a text message, or clicking to the
company’s website (if the Internet connection is supported by the
devices). As mobile advertising is much more interactive and personal
than conventional advertising, the channel must be systematically used
for the marketers. Therefore, conceptual analysis of the terms around
marketing communication that is sent and received through mobile and
handheld devices (e.g., PDAs) is imperative for research to promulgate
mobile commerce. Furthermore, confusion over mobile marketing
terms inhibits research efforts, which has lagged behind the
accelerated demand for mobile services. Preliminary research on
consumption behavior and service supply in mobile marketing leads to
suspension of regulatory institutions and evolvement of mobile
commerce.

19. Ví dụ 4 (cont.)
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Based on the above, we should develop a
novel scheme to compensate for the research gap between
conventional and mobile marketing by clarifying the implications of
mobile advertising and mobile marketing.
Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do so,
questions can be posed on sending ads to mobile phones depicted
within scholarly research. A description and analysis can then be
made on how to define the phenomenon. Next, elements of the
phenomenon and its relation to definitions of marketing communication
concepts can be examined. Additionally, a novel means of depicting
the phenomenon can be developed. Moreover, suggestions can be
formed by elaborating upon distinct characteristics of the
phenomenon. Furthermore, conceptual analysis can be performed and
data derived from content analysis of literature focusing on this
phenomenon.

20. Ví dụ 4 (cont.)
Kết quả dự kiến As anticipated, “mobile advertising” and “mobile
marketing” can be defined for marketing research. Elements, including
the subject, marketer and receiver interaction, and mutual expectation,
commercial implications, and the innovative machine-human interface,
can be used to determine the terms. Furthermore, a new marketer and
consumer relations can be determined based on machine interface.
Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn In addition to
contributing to the research of a rapidly emerging market, the universal
definition of mobile marketing terms can enable operators and service
providers to address and even predict market trends, as well as
advance their marketing strategies theoretically and assist government
regulatory institutions. Furthermore, the innovative interdependent
marketer and consumer relations through machine interface can
contribute to the development of a new discipline in mobile commerce,
given the rapid evolvement of human-machine lifestyles.

21. Tài liệu tham khảo
Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

22. Further details can be found at
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw