tổ chức lớp viết báo khoa học kỹ thuật đăng trên tạp chí quốc tế (23)

1. Tổ chức lớp viết báo khoa học Kỹ thuật đăng trên tạp chí
quốc tế (24)
(Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering)
Kha Thái Đức
Đại học Lạc Hồng Giám đốc trung tâm viết báo khoa học bằng tiếng Anh
柯泰德線上英文論文編修訓練服務
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw
Viết Tiếng Anh Học Thuật

2. Tiểu sử cá nhân
Kha Thái Đức (Ted Knoy) đã dạy viết tiếng Anh kỹ
thuật trong các trường đại học ở Đài Loan hơn hai
mươi năm. Ông là tác giả của mười bốn cuốn
sách về viết tiếng Anh kỹ thuật và chuyên nghiệp.
Ông đã thành lập một trung tâm viết tiếng Anh tại
trường đại học Y Yunpei đồng thời cũng là giảng
viên toàn thời gian tại trường. Ông đã chỉnh sửa
trên 55,000 bài viết cho việc đăng báo nghiên cứu
khoa học từ năm 1989. Ông là cũng nhà biên tập
tiếng anh cho một số tạp chí về khoa học, kỹ thuật
và y học của Đài Loan.

3. A. Nền tảng (Background)
• Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu (Setting of research proposal): Mô tả
một xu hướng phổ biến, phát triển hoặc hiện tượng trong lĩnh vực của bạn
để người đọc có thể hiểu được bối cảnh mà bạn đề xuất nghiên cứu đang
được thực hiện .
• Vấn đề nghiên cứu (Research problem) : Mô tả các hạn chế chính hoặc
thất bại của các nghiên cứu trước đây hoặc các phương pháp đã nghiên
cứu khi giải quyết các xu hướng, phát triển hoặc hiện tượng đã nêu .
• Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu (Quantitative
specification of research problem): Định lượng hoặc đưa ra một ví dụ về
vấn đề nghiên cứu được trích dẫn trong tài liệu tham khảo trước đó.
• Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu (Importance of research
problem) : Mô tả các hậu quả về mặt lý thuyết và thực tế nếu không giải
quyết vấn đề nghiên cứu.

4. B. Thực hiện (Action)
• Mục tiêu nghiên cứu (Research objective) : Mô tả mục tiêu của
nghiên cứu đề xuất của bạn và bao gồm các đặc điểm chính riêng biệt
của nghiên cứu để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu , điều mà đã không
được thực hiện trong nghiên cứu trước đây ( một câu )
• Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu (Methodology to
achieve research objective) : Mô tả ba hoặc bốn bước chính để đạt
được mục tiêu nghiên cứu của bạn .
• Kết quả dự kiến ( Anticipated results) : Mô tả các kết quả định lượng​​
mà bạn hy vọng sẽ đạt được trong nghiên cứu của bạn.
• Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn (Theoretical and
practical contribution to field) : Mô tả cách thức phương pháp hoặc
kết quả nghiên cứu đề xuất của bạn sẽ đóng góp về mặt lý thuyết trong
lĩnh vực nghiên cứu, quy luật và cũng đóng góp thiết thực trong sản
xuất, ngành công nghiệp dịch vụ.

5. Ví dụ 1: Electrical Engineering
Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu Increasingly larger substrate requirements have
spurred advances in semiconductor manufacturing, explaining the increasing importance
of the pumping performance of vacuum pumps in etching, chemical vapor deposition
(CVD), and physical vapor deposition (PVD) to satisfy ultraclean environment
requirements. However, using oil-free backing pumps in combination with the
turbomolecular pump (TMP) to satisfy ultraclean environment requirements is
problematic. The TMP compound includes the addition of a turbodrag section to the
conventional TMP stage in the same rotation shaft in order to ensure that the discharge
pressure ranges between 7.5 and 15 Torr. Levi (1992) also pioneered the use of hybrid
pumps, which uses a variety of impellers without increasing the number of stages on the
same axis. Notably, the conventionally adopted TMP uses momentum transfers from
high-speed rotating blades to the gas molecules for pumping gas. According to the
direction of the pumped fluid to the movement of the moving wall, the TMP is
perpendicular to the movement of the moving wall; otherwise, the molecular drag pump
(MDP) is parallel. The MDP can operate in the 7.5x-3 Torr-7.5 x-2 Torr at a full pumping
speed owing to a high compression ration in the viscous flow regime, which is infeasible
for a molecular flow regime.

6. Ví dụ 1 (cont.)
Vấn đề nghiên cứu The CVD and etching equipment in the IC industry
require superior discharge pressures from the atmosphere to a high-vacuum
region. Among the many subsequent design types include those of Becker,
Siegbahn, Holwek, and Gaede. Although these designs normally increase
either the pumping speed or compression ratio, increasing the pumping speed
and compression simultaneously (especially in higher discharge pressures) is
problematic owing to the complex transition flow phenomena. Additionally, the
processing pressure can not remain constant with a declining pumping
performance.
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu A typical TMP
typically has many stages for optimizing the pumping speed and compression
ratio, resulting in different compression ratios, especially the lower value for
light gases. Moreover, the compression ratios are high at discharge pressures
lower than 7.5x-3 Torr. However, the pumping speed obviously declines at
higher discharge pressures.
Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu Ultimately, the pumping
performances of TMP lower its efficiency as the distance of blades becomes
comparable to the mean free path of gas molecules.

7. Ví dụ 1 (cont.)
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Based on the above, we should
develop a vacuum performance system (based on OR
according to) ISO standards with automatic testing and
human-machine interface functions.
Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do
so, pumping performances can be evaluated based on the
flow meter method. The flow rate can then be adjusted to
obtain a balanced inlet pressure. Next, the pumping speed
based on the difference of inlet pressure and ultimate
pressure can be divided by the throughput. Additionally,
results of the experimental pumping speed can be compared
with those of the simulations.

8. Ví dụ 1 (cont.)
Kết quả dự kiến As anticipated, the proposed vacuum
performance system can evaluate the throughput, pumping
speed, ultimate pressure, and residue gas analysis via its
automatic testing and human-machine interface functions in
an inlet pressure exceeding 1.3x10-6 Torr.
Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn
Importantly, the proposed system can provide desired
characteristics such as ultimate pressure, compression ratio,
and pumping speed, ultimately eliminating the evaluated
time and providing human-machine interface functions.

9. Ví dụ 2: Chemical Engineering
Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu Industrial
development has led to the extensive use of plastic
products in daily life, with polymers like polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA), polyethylene (PE), or polypropylene (PP), as an
increasingly common source of related industrial
applications. For instance, PVA is commonly adopted in the
textile and paper-making industries.
Vấn đề nghiên cứu However, similar to other polymers,
the difficulty of PVA degradation reflects the complexity of
handling it during industrial wastewater treatment.

10. Ví dụ 2 (cont.)
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu
Despite the numerous chemical and biological treatment
methods developed for PVA degradation and their promising
results, such methods have certain limitations, including too
long of a reaction time and pollution caused by biological or
chemical reactants. While investigating mixed cultures
acclimatized to PVA solution, Solaro et al. indicated only 40%
mineralization of PVA after 48 days of incubation.
Additionally, use of Fenton reaction to reduce PVA was
revealed that after 2 hours of reaction time, the PVA removal
rate reached only 40%.
Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu The inability to
degrade PVA adequately through wastewater treatment will
result in PVA entering the public water supply and flowing into
the sea, ultimately threatening humans and the surrounding
ecology.

11. Ví dụ 2 (cont.)
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Based on the above, we should
develop an efficient and environmentally friendly PVA-
based wastewater treatment method that does not produce
other by-products or harmful waste.
Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do
so, PVA can be degraded efficiently by photocatalysis. The
removal efficiency of PVA can then be examined based on
the reaction temperature, PVA concentration, and
photocatalytic quantity. Next, analysis results of the
proposed wastewater treatment method can be compared
with those of previous methods.

12. Ví dụ 2 (cont.)
Kết quả dự kiến As anticipated, the
photocatalysis of the proposed wastewater
treatment method can degrade PVA contents
completely in two hours.
Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn
In addition to its photocatalysis capability to
degrade PVA efficiently, the proposed method
provides a valuable reference for research in other
industrial applications such as decomposing
polymers in a sewage treatment plant.

13. Ví dụ 3: Industrial Engineering
Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu End-user satisfaction increasingly
represents the focal point of successfully implementing an information
system. Incapable of fulfilling user requirements independently,
information systems require individuals to fully exploit their expertise
before yielding organizational benefits. Factors influencing user
satisfaction with information systems have received considerable
interest. Several studies have attributed information system failures to
psychological and organizational issues, rather than technological
ones.
Vấn đề nghiên cứu Among the various theoretical perspectives
adopted to explore this phenomenon include the technology
acceptance model, theory of planned behavior, and information system
success model. However, in contrast with previous findings, Au et al.
(2008) found that expectations regarding information
system performance are not significantly related to user satisfaction.
Additionally, Iivari (2005) found that quality of the end user perceived
information only slightly impacts system usage.

14. Ví dụ 3 (cont.)
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu Despite the
considerable amount of scholarly research on end-user satisfaction in
recent decades, available evidence contradicts the expected
relationships. Still, the role of self-efficacy in the context of information
system usage has seldom been addressed. Therefore, the role of self-
efficacy in end-user satisfaction model warrants further study.
According to social cognitive theory, end user beliefs (referred to herein
as self-efficacy) may influence their behavior and perceived outcomes.
This study examines the role of self-efficacy in how end-user
satisfaction, its antecedents, and consequences are related.
Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu The inability to increase
end user satisfaction by elucidating the factors affecting the effects of
antecedents of user satisfaction and the consequences of end-user
satisfaction makes it extremely difficult for managers before, during,
and after an information system is implemented.

15. Ví dụ 3 (cont.)
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Based on the above, we should
elucidate the role of self-efficacy with respect to how end-user
satisfaction, its antecedents, and consequences are related.
Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do so,
the perceptual data for this study can be gathered via a self-
administered questionnaire. Measurement and structural
models can then be estimated using Partial Least Squares
(PLS). Next, the measurement model in PLS can be evaluated
in terms of internal consistency, convergent validity, and
discriminate validity. Ultimately, validity of the structural model
and hypotheses can be (verified OR confirmed) by examining
the path coefficients.

16. Ví dụ 3 (cont.)
Kết quả dự kiến As anticipated, end-user self-efficacy
significantly impacts how end-user satisfaction, its antecedents,
and consequences are related. While shedding light on end-
user satisfaction research, results of this study can significantly
contributes to theoretical developments related to end-user
satisfaction by identifying the underlying factors that affect end-
user satisfaction, and their relative impacts.
Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn Our results
can further demonstrate that low self-efficacy, if not managed,
lowers individual productivity. Managers can thus motivate a
high self-efficacy end-user to be the mentor of low self-efficacy
end user. Furthermore, as a highly effective means of
increasing self-efficacy, computer training can allow managers
to increase end-user self-efficacy by implementing training
programs.

17. Ví dụ 4: Industrial Engineering
Thiết lập các đề xuất nghiên cứu Most metropolitan taxi
services not only complement public transportation, but
also function as a vital part of urban travel. The Ministry of
Transportation (MOT) of the Republic of China cites
individual taxis, cooperative associations, and taxi trades
as the three business models in the Taiwan taxi industry.
Vấn đề nghiên cứu Despite a recent focus on factors
that may influence whether passengers take a taxicab,
exactly how the taxi business model affects passenger
behavioral intention remains unclear.

18. Ví dụ 4 (cont.)
Đặc điểm kỹ thuật định lượng của vấn đề nghiên cứu
According to MOT statistics, taxi trades in Taiwan rose from an
annual rate of 42% in 2005 to 44% in 2007. Taiwan Taxi, a GPS-
based taxi company, is a major taxi trade in Taiwan has
implemented a GPS-based dispatching system from Singapore.
In addition to benefiting the taxi driver and taxi trade firms, GPS
technology also provides sense of security for passengers.
Tầm quan trọng của vấn đề nghiên cứu The inability to
understand how a specific taxi business model impacts
passenger behavioral intention makes it impossible to determine
not only how a taxi business model affects perceived safety, but
also how perceived risk mediates the relation between the taxi
business model and the behavioral intention of passengers.
These unresolved issues make it extremely difficult for fleet line
managers to draw up appropriate guide lines in order to comply
with consumer preferences.

19. Ví dụ 4 (cont.)
Mục tiêu nghiên cứu Based on the above, we should
elucidate exactly how taxi business models and the
behavioral intention of passengers are related, as well as the
mediatory effects of passengers perceived risk elaborated.
Phương pháp để đạt được mục tiêu nghiên cứu To do
so, a research design sample can be drawn from MBA,
EMBA, and IEMBA students. Behavioral intention and
perceived risk among passengers can then be evaluated
using existing scales. Next, a factorial design can be
implemented based on research data accumulated.
Additionally, accumulated data can be analyzed using
ANOVA of the multivariate technique.

20. Ví dụ 4 (cont.)
Kết quả dự kiến As anticipated, analysis results can indicate
that passengers tend to view a GPS-based taxi fleet the safest
among other business models, because passengers perceive a
GPS-based taxi fleet as most concerned with ensuring their
physical safety. As for managerial implications of this study,
among the variables that senior management can incorporate to
foster a sense of security among passengers include using the
corporate web site to promote the concern for safety and
security, specifying the safety, service quality, and comfort in a
taxicab, and training taxi drivers to convey the company's vision
and mission to the passengers.
Đóng góp trong lĩnh vực lý thuyết và thực tiễn Importantly,
this study can provide a valuable reference for managers
concerned with a comprehensive view of what risks are involved,
as well as their likely consequences.

21. Tài liệu tham khảo
Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

22. Further details can be found at
http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw