The document summarizes the scientific background of molecular machines. It describes how in 1983, Jean-pierre and his team introduced the synthesis of catenanes using metal coordination. In 1991, Sir Fraser and his team invented a new kind of rotaxane, which is a type of molecular ring and axle. By 1994, both research groups demonstrated control of rotational and translational motion of rotaxanes and catenanes by introducing asymmetries in their structures. Bernard and his team then developed a molecular motor in 1999 that could spin in one direction when powered by heat and light.

1. SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND
OF MOLECULAR MACHINE
S.KEERTHANAN
BS-1121

2. INTRODUCTION
• An assembly of distinct number of molecular compounds that are design to
preform machinelike movements as a result of an appropriate external
stimulation.
• The molecular machines are a thousand time thinner than the human hair.
• In order to construct a complex machine, a number of building blocks are
generally required and the function of the device is intended to be a
consequence of their assembly.
• A machine requires a supply of energy to its operation and can be driven by a
suitable energy sources.

3. INVENTION

4. • In 1983
ˉ Jean-pierre and his team introduced the synthesis route of
catenanes.
ˉ Using metal coordination.
ˉ The synthetic strategy was based on previous development
using coordination of phenanthroline units to cu(i) centres.

5. CATENANE COMPOUNDS

6. SYNTHESIS OF [2]CATENANE

7. • In 1991
ˉ Sir fraser and his team invented a new kind of rotaxane
ˉ Which is a type of molecular ring and axel.

8. ROTAXANE COMPOUND

9. SYNTHESIS AND TRANSLATIONAL MOTION IN
[2]ROTAXANE

10. CONTROL OF TRANSLATIONAL AND
ROTATIONAL MOTION OF ROTAXANES AND
CATENANES
• In 1994
• Both research group demonstrate the control of translational and rotational motion
of rotaxanes and catenanes
• By introducing asymmetries in the structures.

11. • Different coordination sites in one of the rings,
• Phenonthroline and terpyridine
• Rotation could be obtained by oxidation and reduction of central metal ion.

12. • Translational motion of rotaxanes can be controlled by introducing two different
pi electrons donating units in the rotaxane axle
• Benzidine and diphenol groups
• Cyclophane ring could be moved between the two station when providing
energies.

13. • Build first molecular elevator which can move up to a height of approximately
0.7nm

14. • Molecular muscle that could be contracted and extended under the control of
signals.

15. • In 1999
ˉ Bernard and his team developed a motor
ˉ Which consist of a molecular rotor
ˉ That spin in one direction when powered by heat and light.
(3R,3’R)-(P,P)-trans-1,1’,2,2’3,3’,4,4’-
octahydro-3,3’-dimethyl-4,4’-
biphenanthrylidene

16. • Bernard and his team created moving action of chassis like structure composed
of four motor compounds.
• Called “nano car”

17. APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR MACHINES
• Future nano robot
• Computer
• Smart materials
• Energy storage devices

18. • These three scientists are awarded Nobel
prize in 2016 for this wonderful design of
molecular machine.

19. REFFERENCES

21. THANK YOU