Textile Value Chain- May 2022

Pranav Rathi - E-mail: pranav@bmhouse.in • pranav@rsbcottex.com • Mob.: +91 9986022878
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3 TVC | MAY 2022
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9 TVC | MAY 2022
Single point source for
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12 TVC | MAY 2022 7
TVC | Feb 2022 7
TVC | Feb 2022
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16 TVC | MAY 2022
Table
of
COVER STORY
REVIEW PAPER : E- TEXTILES
Sustainable Dyeing
REACTIVE DYES
INTERVIEW
OPINION
CORPORATE PROFILE
MARKET REPORT
CONTENT
ADVERTISER INDEX
Page 64: ATE - PROCES-
SING
Page 40: SWISSMEM
Page 92: SKY SPINTEX
Page 14: GLOSSY
Page 87: WEAVEKNIT
Page 9: BATLIBOI
Page 82: UNITECH TEX-
MECH
Page 4: RADHESHYAM
Page 76: RAMKRISHNA
COTSPIN
Gatefold: RSB/BM HOUSE
Page 60: TEX FAB ENGI-
NEERS
Page 37: SAKTHI INDUS-
TRIES
Page 91: YARN EXPO
SURAT
Page 13: VATSAL
Page 86: SIYA EXPORT
Page 8: NARMADA
Page 81: AMBER
Page 3: LE MERITE
Page 74: WELL KNOWN
Cover Page: SKY SPINTEX
Page 52: COSMO
Page 95: IGM
Page 26: SAURER
Page 90: COLORJET
Page 12: MARUTI
Page 85: SAFAR
Page 7: LUWA
Page 80: INTEX SOUTH
ASIA
Front Inside: RIMTEX
Page 71: MEERA INDUS-
TRIES
Page 47: USTER
Page 94: NON WOVEN
Page 18: YASH MACHINES
Page 89: TEXFAIR
Page 11: FIOTEX
Page 84: SHIDDHANATH
COTEX
Page 6: ITM
Page 79: TVC DIGITAL
Back Inside: RAYSIL
Page 68: OMAX
Page 43: SHAHLON SILK
Page 93: DODHIA
Page 15: CHINTAMANI
Page 88: NIVA EXPORT
Page 10: REAL SPINTEX
Page 83: ALLIANCE
Page 5: STAUBLI Page 78: AMRITLAKS-
HMI
Back Page: RAYMOND
38 Raina Industries: Nothing Succeeds like
Innovation!
75 MMF Report
72 India’s exports of technical textiles
witnessed a hike
69 BSL to double turnover to Rs. 900 crore
by FY 2023-2024
61 Recent developments of reactive dyes
30 Sustainability begins from scratch :
Sanjay Gupta
27 Capximize aims to help enhance
Capacity utilisation
34 Vintage meadows by Raysil
53 Sustainable dyeing innovations
48 E-textiles: a review
45 Things to try if your business isn’t
growing!
44 Strengthening MSMEs
41 Need of an eco-friendly alternative in
Textile industry
24 Startups: prospects in fashion field
22 Startups – Powering national growth
19 Startups- Opportunities galore!
77 EVENTS
65 NEW PRODUCTS
Page 33: BISHNU TEXPORT
Page 29: KEN
22 38

17 TVC | MAY 2022
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It was great going for startups in India in the last two
years, with some of them becoming unicorns. But in the
Q2 of this year, they have hit a stumbling block by way of
funds crunch. Startups are created to provide more jobs,
but currently many of them find surplus workforce and
have started slimming down. They are also going slow
on recruitment apart from rationalising the staff. Some
are reported to have even laid off some workforce. Re-
search firm CB Insights says that global venture funding
for startups is expected to fall by 19% in the Q2 of this
year. Asian startups, which have raised US$12.7 billion
so far, are likely to witness the steepest fall of 31%. The
reasons are tightening liquidity and global meltdown as
well as macro-economic factors.
Startup India is a flagship initiative of the Government
of India, intended to build a strong eco-system for nur-
turing innovation and startups in the country that will
drive sustainable economic growth and generate large
scale employment opportunities. The action plan of this
initiative is focussing on three areas: Simplification and
Handholding. Funding Support and Incentives. Indus-
try-Academia Partnership and Incubation. The top 5
Government Schemes for startups and MSMEs in India
are: Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana, Credit Guarantee
Trust Fund for Micro & Small Enterprises (CGTSME), Fi-
nancial Support to MSMEs in ZED Certification Scheme,
Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for Technology Upgrada-
tion (CLCSS) and Design Clinic for Design Expertise to
MSMEs. According to Government data, the Startup
Ecosystem facilitated through various government de-
partments & programmes are: 4000+ startups have
benefitted in the last year; Rs. 960 crore of funding has
been enabled to startups through various schemes; Rs.
828 crore sanctioned funds for infrastructure. With the
objective to build a strong eco-system for nurturing in-
novation and startups in the country the Government
launched a startup India Action Plan and ‘Startup India
Seed Fund’ worth Rs. 1,000 crore.
“Take up one idea. Make that one idea your life, think
of it, dream of it, live on that idea, let the brain, mus-
cles, nerve, every part of your body be full of that idea
and just leave every other idea alone. This is the way
to success,” said Mr Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of
India.
It’s high time startups liquidity problems are fixed and
their mission realised..
Startups Hit
Bottleneck
CREATIVE DESIGNER
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Mr. Samuel Joseph
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19 TVC | MAY 2022
A
decade ago, India had one unicorn, which is the
ultimate dream and crowning glory of startups.
Today, we have 100 unicorns making India the
third largest unicorn cluster, valued at US$300 billion.
Though textile industry may not figure prominently in
this new breed of shapers and movers, days are not far
off when some of the startups achieve this distinction.
How? Startups in India show abounding inspiration
and energy. Best of all, opportunities are multiplying
thanks to availability of accelerator funds, rise of new
ideas post hibernation during Covid times, concepts
like Atmanirbhar and sheer entrepreneurship of indi-
viduals.
According to a PwC Report, the startup ecosystem
has created as many as 14 unicorns in the first three
months of 2022, and for the third consecutive quarter,
they have received over US$10 billion across 334 fund-
ing deals.
Look at these cases: AKS Clothings, a start-up Indian
ethnic brand was founded by Ms. Nidhi Yadav, a young,
energetic inspirational designer & entrepreneur. Says
Ms Nidhi: “The stories behind clothing labels have al-
ways aroused my attention. So, while studying fashion
OPPORTUNITIES
GALORE!
By Samuel Joseph
STartUps
design in Italy, I looked at the business models of sever-
al well-known fashion firms. Inspired by their success,
I decided to emulate it in AKS, in May 2014 with a bit
of seed capital of Rs.3.5 lakh.” AKS has now grown to
a turnover of Rs.200 crore and presently serve over a
lakh consumer every month without any outside fund-
ing.
Founded in 2016 by Mr. Vijay Sharma, Mr. Anupam
Deo Arya and Mr. Sandeep Sharma, Fabriclore, which
literally means ‘stories of fabrics’, is an online brand
that aims to revive India’s use of both traditional and
modern fabrics by delivering premium curated fabrics.
Anupam Deo Arya, VP Marketing and Communication,
Fabriclore is happy that they have created a novel niche
in fabric business. How did this happen? Arya says: “I
never had an agenda to start a business in fabrics or
textiles as I was inexperienced …My partners and I re-
alised the demand for fabrics in the market was not
being fulfilled. Hence, after plunging into the segment
deeper, we were surprised to be acquainted with the
variety of fabrics available! This is how we hatched the
idea of starting a business in the same field.”
Lokesh Harjani, Founder & CEO – OnSpot Solutions
Cover Story

20 TVC | MAY 2022
has always been stirred by technology – the pace at
which it is evolving & its potential to simplify complex
problems. With a powerful vision of digitising every
step of a brand’s supply chain, and hindering the scale
of product counterfeiting in the Indian market, he
founded OnSpot Solutions in 2020. He started off his
entrepreneurial career at the age of 19; while study-
ing International Finance & Marketing at the Univer-
sity of Miami. OnSpotSolutions bears the markings of
his drive and determination to preserve the value of
a brand while simultaneously protecting the interests
of the end consumer. His next endeavour took him
for brand security & protection for companies such
as Walmart, GAP, Target Etc. Continuing in the brand
identification segment, Lokesh formed Pixel, a new age
packaging development agency. Next, he has worked
in the manufacturing space at Premco Global Limited.
He has an aptitude for identifying promising start-ups
and scaling them up, he has led marketing teams at
the national and international level, and he has also
been an important figure in financial decisions. He has
worked in the manufacturing, Internet and Technology
spaces in India and Internationally.
Hyderabad-based designer Anushree Reddy began her
designing career in 2010. A self-taught designer and
management graduate Anushree made her debut at
Lakme Fashion Week Summer/Resort 2013. Her label
stands out for its bursts of vivacious colours, glamour,
and easy-to-wear garments. Her design philosophy
lies in creating elaborate silhouettes brewed with sub-
tle prints and surprising embellishments. A designer
whose management roots evolved into a serious love
for fashion, Anushree Reddy has now evolved into a
name to reckon with. With perseverance and an in-
domitable spirit to learn the art of design, she acquired
the skill while being on the job. From one milestone
to the next, this London School of Economics alumnus
has aced her design game in the four years and count-
ing. Having envisaged a label that creates breathtaking,
feminine Indian wear with a hint of the nawabi royalty,
Anushree Reddy has miles to go before she sleeps.
What about funding startups? Early-stage companies
have had a good times since the phenomenon was
new bringing in success stories. Later-stage companies
have come under some pressure due to macro-eco-
nomic factors to cut down on expenditure. Funding
for Indian startups was the lowest in April, says indus-
try sources. Workforce for startups is a more complex
and challenging issue with workforce choice changing
during the pandemic. New funding ideas have cropped
up; Oppo Research Institute has joined forces with Mi-
crosoft for startups to start an innovation accelerator.
This is in the initial stage of progress.
9Unicorns is an accelerator programme backed by suc-
cessful founders & leading company experience offi-
cers (CXOs) for early stage startups! Calling themselves
Startup Builders, 9Unicorns was launched in the late
2020 with a total size of US$50 million recently an-
nounced the fifth closure of its maiden fund at US$100
million. The fund has made investments in over 110
deals in 2021 and plans to pour in US$500,000 to US$1
million in idea stage startups and US$2 million in high-
growth stage Series-C and above startups in 2022-23.
The 9Unicorns USP lies in the fact that it allows startups
it invests in to dig into its vast business communities in
cities beyond the meros enabling them to go pan-In-
dia. It directly allows getting early customers, distribu-
tion partnerships, cross-portfolio synergies for startups
leveraging its pre-existing network of over 5,000 inves-
tors, founders and executives in its ecosystem.

21 TVC | MAY 2022
Another boon for the startups is the launch of FFS
(Fund of Funds for Startups) in 2016. For contribution
to various alternative investment funds (AIFs) regis-
tered with SEBI, the capital market regulator. By this,
the Government will allow venture capital (VC) and
private equity (PE) funds take a higher share of prof-
its, earn more fees and faster drawdown of the money
they receive from the State’s FFS. The FFS is run by the
State-controlled Small Industries Development Bank of
India(SIDBI), which has invested over Rs. 9,400 crore
in 86 AIFs (the regulatory term for PE and VC funds).
Such funds have to invest at least double the FFS in-
vestment in startups. SIDBI-managed FFS has been one
of the most important domestic institutional investors
in Indian VC funds.
There is no dearth of new ideas for startups. For in-
stance, the Federal Soft Systems (FSS), a Digital Trans-
formation & IT Services Company helping corporates
to enhance their digital presence and experience, has
launched an online e-commerce platform ROLLOVER-
STOCK to revolutionise the large-scale sale and pur-
chase of various leftover and surplus products at huge
discounts. This connects sellers, manufacturers, retail-
ers and consumers to sell and purchase bulk quantities
of such leftover and surplus stock of a wide range of
products at a reasonable cost. Many vendors of prod-
ucts like masks and T-shirts, which are produced on a
large-scale, can get buyers looking to order a huge vol-
ume but have to travel longer distances from smaller
cities to wholesale markets in larger cities. Within a
week, the company has on-board 2,000 vendors from
the southern States, says sources and add that FSS is
yet to tap the northern States.
There are many side benefits to mushrooming of start-
ups. Spurring economy, they do their mite to job cre-
ations. Another trickling effect is the demand for flex-
ible office space, the operators who have recorded
higher demand after the dawn of this new phenome-
non from well-funded startups and unicorns. Accord-
ing to sources, today the biggest occupiers of managed
offices are unicorns and startups.
Startups are driven by entrepreneurship passion and
the positive sentiment in the Indian startup ecosys-
tems. The country is likely to remain the world’s fastest
growing major economy over the next few years. Indi-
an startups fame is spreading far and wide. References
to startups abroad from higher-ups are proliferating.
“With a growth forecast of almost 8% in FY 2023, In-
dia is likely to remain the world’s fastest growing major
economy over the next few years, driven by the con-
tinued expansion of its technology and startup ecosys-
tems,” Sitharaman told a group of business leaders and
co-investors in San Francisco. Among the businesses
and funds that attended the event were Blackstone,
Brevet Capital, Citi, Nova Credit, Western Digital, Palo
Alto Networks, The Regents of the University of Cal-
ifornia, Lightspeed House Ventures, Insight Partners,
Morgan Stanley, Powerhouse Ventures, Blume Ven-
tures, Bow Capital and Nasdaq. proliferating
We Cover
everything in TEXTILEs!

22 TVC | MAY 2022

India has one of the youngest populations in an ageing world;
Start-up promoters bud from the 62% of our population who
are in the age group of 15-59 years, and we have a gener-
ation of young, energetic, aspirational, goal focused and
risk-taking human resource.
A
Start-up is a vehicle carrying an idea, to solve a problem, manoeuvred
by an engaged and determined promoter or promoters driven by a
purpose to bring about significant change to the status quo. These
vehicles and the people driving them majorly influence our everyday lives
today. Be it getting home by a cab after a tiring day at work or ordering
food online from a cloud kitchen or stocking up your groceries or
upgrading your wardrobe; each of these activities were
very cumbersome about fifteen years back. Today,
you can have all of it at the click of a few but-
tons. From Tech- Start-ups to Manufac-
turing Start-ups – each is reshaping
our civilization and helping real-
ise our dreams as a nation.
India with its over 61,000
start-ups is the third
largest start-up
STARTUPS – POWERING
NATIONAL GROWTH
By Mohit Raina
Cover Story

23 TVC | MAY 2022
eco-system in the world. It is estimated that about 2-3
tech start-ups are born every single day. Each of these
start-ups are trying to solve a problem. In India, we de-
fine a start-up as a company, which engages in develop-
ing, producing or distributing new products, processes
or services. This company should be turning around a
revenue of less than INR 25 Cr and incorporated for
three years or less. The Department for Promotion of
Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) recognised around
fourteen thousand start-ups in the fiscal 2022. Since
the launch of the Start-up program in India in 2016 by
the honourable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi,
the number of recognised start-ups has increased to
14000 in 2022 from about 733 in 2016. Around 83
start-ups have achieved unicorn status in the past
years. As on January 2022, these start-ups raised INR
26250 crore ($ 3.5 billion) in 130 deals. These numbers
not only give hope but they also strongly portray the
determination and aspirations of 1.3 billion Indians.
The textile sector in India is also riding the start-up
wave. With a major focus on manufacturing are ser-
vices, entrepreneurs are providing solutions in do-
mains which were known as sunrise domains until
2010. Domains such as additive manufacturing, digital
manufacturing, mass-customised garmenting, tech-
nical textiles, green energy, recycling, environment
conservation, disaster management, quality-based
sourcing and many others are seeing a surge in start-
ups, which are challenging the status quo. As is evi-
dent from the domains, promoters with a textile back-
ground are engaging with sectors beyond their own
to create value with fibre and textile-based solutions.
This not only requires the comprehension of textile
processing but also thorough understanding of the do-
main of application. Today, sectors ranging from rail,
road and infrastructure to mobility, medicine, space
and industry are achieving their sustainability quo-
tient by the use of fibres and textiles. The acceptance
of fibre and textile-based solutions in these sectors,
are seeing an exponential surge. Applications such as
PPE kits, soil stabilization products, crop-protection
kits, non-corrosive reinforcements for infrastructure
and fibre reinforced polymers provide solutions to fa-
cilitate the growth of our nation and protect the inter-
ests of the nation. They also help the nation contribute
towards the Global Sustainable Development Goals.
While the current focus is on creating near net shaped
textile-based structures, the country is also now look-
ing at avenues of entering domains of speciality fibre
manufacturing from the self-reliant India perspective.
The urgent need for indigenization of the speciality fi-
bre-based industry will push a number of fresh grad-
uates to take their formulations from their research
labs to commercialization and help cater domains of
national interest.
India has one of the youngest populations in an aging
world. Start-up promoters bud from the 62% of our
population who are in the age group of 15-59 years.
We have a generation of young, energetic, aspirational,
goal focused and risk-taking human resource. This hu-
man resource is not afraid of failure and is determined
to develop beyond the present circumstances. Apart
from having a solution to an existing problem, the most
important virtue required for the growth of a start-up
is the determination and persistence of its promoters.
In the endeavour of theirs, the Government of India
is providing exceptional support via its various depart-
ments and schemes to hand hold the entrepreneurs.
The Start-up India Campaign provides entrepreneurs
with the Seed Fund Scheme to encourage profession-
als to take the leap and create their own organisations.
In addition to the Start-up India campaign, the Minis-
try of Textiles, Government of India with its schemes
such as National Technical Textile Mission, Incubation
Centres in Apparel Manufacturing, Handloom Cluster
Schemes, Handicraft Cluster Schemes are prompting
entrepreneurs to come forward to help develop the
textile sector and provide solutions to allied sectors.
Organisations such as the Technology Development
Board, Department of Science and Technology, Gov-
ernment of India also provides significant support for
commercialising new technologies. Apart from these
offerings, a number of incubation centres, across the
country have been formed, to handhold and help nur-
ture young start-ups.
With the opportunity that a country with 1.3 billion
individuals provides; every young entrepreneur, every
young start-up should reflect on the words of Chairman
Emeritus of Tata Sons and Chairman of Tata Trusts Mr.
Ratan Tata from an interview with Ms. Shradha Sharma
focusing on entrepreneurship, “To put it all together,
we must ask ourselves, can we make a difference? Can
we be innovative and creative? And not just after the
money value of what we’ve done, but the contribution
it has made to our humanity, our human population
in India. So, we should be humble, at the same time,
attentive to the needs, looking for opportunities.”

24 TVC | MAY 2022
STARTUPS:
PROSPECTS IN
FASHION FIELD
By Huda Kazi
E
very day, trendy startups are being continuously
launched around the world. Starting a new trend
enterprise comes with its very own challenges.
Popular social media systems such as Instagram and
TikTok have been effective advertising equipment for
small groups to promote merchandise and share new
thoughts with the world.
In this article, we will provide an explanation for how
trend startups are the future as a newer substitute
than massive trend corporations. We additionally will
point out a couple of trend startups that are shaping
the future.
Start-ups and their meaning
As cited in the Investopedia, a startup is a younger or-
ganisation started by one or greater entrepreneurs to
enhance a special product or service, then delivered to
the market. One of the first challenges for startups is to
show to investors that they have viable products in the
basket. Startups convey innovation and new ideas to
the market. Other challenges encompass funding, and
the threat of failing.
Startups additionally play a large function in the finan-
cial boom of the economy, as they create jobs, which
means greater employment leading to an accelerated
economy.
Social Media: A Ladder for Start-Ups
TikTok is a special social media platform on hand in
over 150 nations with over a billion users, according
to Wallaroo.
With new technology, the future of the trend enter-
prise is turning into the greater digital arena. Fashion
startups can leverage the digital world to open up new
doorways and possibilities for their business. Today, in-
fluencers have a large effect on what the new develop-
ments are, particularly among Generation Z. The most
up-to-date trend and apparel traits stem from TikTok,
making the app an exceptional advertising and market-
ing device for many small trend businesses.
One viral video can make a commercial enterprise turn
out to be profitable overnight. In this modern era, so-
cial media is behind many profitable businesses. De-
signer Lirika Matoshi received prominence thanks to
Cover story

25 TVC | MAY 2022
the net and influencers. The “Strawberry Dress” won
reputation in the summer time of 2020, and took over
everyone’s “for you” web page on TikTok. It was once
the best-selling item from Matoshi’s series alongside
with the “Strawberry Mask” according to Vogue.
a huge range of apparels and add-ons to pick out from,
Rent the Runway opens new doorways for its clients to
find out new manufacturers and patterns whilst stay-
ing on a budget.
Another on-line startup that is famous among social
media influencers is Shoptiques, a massive online save
the place you can discover special garb from all round
the world that consists of New York, Paris, London,
Sydney, and more.
Fashion subscription offerings are additionally a mas-
sive hit among millennials and Generation Z, thanks to
social media. Subscription offerings such as FabFitFun,
BirchBox, and Stitch Fix have a tremendous following
and alternate the trend enterprise with accessibility
and affordability. With these habitual trend subscrip-
tion boxes, your cloth wardrobe can constantly replace
with the modern day launches and fashionable essen-
tials.
Fashion subscription offerings are
additionally a massive hit among
millennials and Generation Z, thanks to so-
cial media. Subscription offerings such as
FabFitFun, BirchBox, and Stitch Fix have a
tremendous following and alternate the
trend enterprise with accessibility and af-
fordability. With these habitual trend sub-
scription boxes, your cloth wardrobe can
constantly replace with the modern day
launches and fashionable essentials
Fashion Start-Ups & Public Response
Fashion startups are additionally altering the way hu-
mans live their lives. Rent the Runway, a New York-
based company, has been altering the way humans’
gown for years. The business enterprise gives a con-
stant price to lease unique garb for a fraction of the
retail cost. For extraordinary activities and events, the
organisation lets its clients swap out portions of appar-
el and add-ons whenever they want.
The garb Condo organisation blossomed via social me-
dia, turning to fame through their loyal clients who
swear by means of Rent the Runway. With having such
The motive of Start-Ups being the fate of Fash-
ion line
Small corporations imply business. With new progres-
sive thoughts and designs, they vary from common re-
tail stores, and the way that humans have interaction
and find out incredible new trend merchandise stem-
ming from small companies.
Therefore, make certain to save small, and test out the
most modern trend companies. You will by no means
recognise what they have in store. Your buy has a large
effect on a small business, and when you make that
purchase, be aware that you are funding their liveli-
hood and dreams.

26 TVC | MAY 2022
Texparts drafting systems and spindles
Saurer’s Texparts product line offers high quality components for the textile
industry including drafting systems and spindles, spinning rings and travellers.
The bearing portfolio offers products for ring-spinning and rotor-spinning area
as well as winding and twisting.
saurer.com
For excellent
yarn quality.

27 TVC | MAY 2022
CAPXIMIZE AIMS TO HELP
ENHANCE
CAPACITY UTILISATION
TVC Editorial Team
Capximize is an online revolutionary global platform created to make Indian manu-
facturing capacities virtual for the world using proprietary algorithm to discover and
recommend matching capacity requirements. The Concept Creator & Founder, Mr.
Avinash Bapat, replies to some of the key questions and clarifications regarding this
new concept.
Excerpts:
What inspired you to start this compa-
ny and why you have chosen textile
industry as one of the sectors?
Taking the initiative of our honorable Prime Minister
Mr. Narendra Modi of “Make in India” the concept of
Capximize India Ltd was formed. According to the Gov-
ernment statistics at present, India utilises barely 60%
of its installed manufacturing capacities whereas even
developing countries like Brazil and Vietnam utilize
83% - 84% of their installed capacities. A global plat-
form offering detailed information on available surplus
manufacturing capacities in India is the genesis of cre-
ating this platform.
The sectors we have selected are the ones which have
substantial growth opportunity and India offers large
available manufacturing options for the global market.
Textile sector leads the pack.
Please tell us about the concept of your com-
pany and how it is beneficial for textile manu-
facturing industry?
The concept is to offer visibility to the Indian textile
sector to the global markets. The platform has fur-
ther divided the textile sector in multiple subsectors.
A detailed curated information is collected regarding
processes, machineries, capabilities, compliances, etc
depicting the available spare capacity by the Indian
textile manufacturers to be utilised by domestic/inter-
national companies. Additional business opportunities
to the sector resulting in higher capacity utilisation
leading to higher return on capital employed.
How textile industry is different from other in-
dustries in terms of information technology?
Digital India has become the reality and textile sector
has been keeping themselves updated in the informa-
tion technology field. Our experience so far has shown
that hundreds of textile companies have been utilising
the platform without any difficulty.
Today information technology play vital role
in the field of textile manufacturing industry,
would you share your opinion about it?
Global visibility to every member of the textile industry
is possible only due to our secured cloud-based plat-
form. Our proprietary algorithm brings about the right
Interview -Capximize

28 TVC | MAY 2022
partnership for use of available spare capacities in tex-
tile sectors.
Could you please elaborate on working of your
company? How do you feel for the same?
Capximize india is a platform wherein a capximizer
means the company having spare/surplus manufactur-
ing capacity upload the details. The data is kept secured
and confidential. Capximizee ie. Indian/ International
company which is looking for Pan-India manufacturing
options, searches on the platform as per their parame-
ters to find matching partnership. The Capximizee beat
Indian or International company saves equity capital
and time for setting up new manufacturing capacities
but instead can start “plug and play” ready facilities
and expand the business.
What are the key features of your company?
Key features are:
Knowledge - We have spent two years in learning the
new nuance of understanding manufacturing capaci-
ties. The design of the information architecture is done
by professionals from each sectors /sub sectors who
have spent maximum time in production facilities on
shopfloor to visibility.
Visibility - As Capximize India is a global platform it of-
fers visibility of spare capacities of Indian corporates
to the domestic and international companies (Capxi-
mizers); similarly, it also offers Pan-India manufactur-
ing options to India / International companies (Capx-
imizees)
Technology - The cloud-based technology platform has
its own proprietary algorithm which matches the avail-
ability of capacity with the exact need of the capacities
in a secured environment.
Also, the UI / UX (Information architecture) is made
extremely user friendly by dividing the sectors into
sub-sectors into processes or components which pa-
rameterised making it very simple for the user to com-
plete the information (It takes barely 20-30 mins to up-
load or search information)
Competition - We are not a product directory but de-
tailed analytics of surplus manufacturing capacities in
India for global use. Also our annual subscription is very
attractive to say the least for the entire data manage-
ment and search for additional business for its mem-
bers. The effective cost per month is less than Rs.1000.
Capximize India selectively offers free registration to
the members of some of the sectoral manufacturing
associations.
What challenges have you faced while start
up stage and growing a business pertaining to
textile manufacturing industry?
The concept is different from the commonly under-
stood B2B platforms. As Capximize India would like to
offer available spare manufacturing capacity in textile
sector to the global players it needs extensive expla-
nation. We need to explain we are in the space of dig-
itizing and making surplus - spare manufacturing ca-
pacities in textile industry virtual for the global use. As
always new concept takes longer to be appreciated.
Cloud technology will be technology of the
future, could you please share your opinion
about it?
The Capximize India platform has already consider
the futuristic benefits of cloud-based technology and
hence it’s a cloud-based platform from the beginning.
All the security features are incorporated, and the
technology makes the platform available 24x7 and for
365 days of the year.
How do you see the textile manufacturing
business prospect in india?
Indian government has come up with several export
promotion policies for the textiles sector. It has also
allowed 100% FDI in the sector under the automat-
ic route. The Rs. 10,683 crore (US$ 1.44 billion) PLI
scheme is expected to be a major booster for the tex-
tile manufacturers. We are extremely bullish on the
Indian textile sector and its ability to grow it oversee
in the international and domestic market. This sector
also generates substantial employment opportunities
which is the need of the hour today for the Indian
economy.
What is the plan of your company to expedite
the business in India?
A global technology platform with knowledge as a
driver and curated user-friendly data about available
spare manufacturing capacity in the Indian textile sec-
tor showcased to the world offering them a Pan-India
solution with Capex made into Opex will offer speedy
business growth for the sector.

29 TVC | MAY 2022
V I S I O N
D i v e r s e p r o d u c t k n o w l e d g e
T e c h n i c a l l y q u a l i f i e d &
c o m p e t e n t t e a m t o s e r v i c e t h e
c u s t o m e r n e e d s
O r g a n i z a t i o n a l s t r e n g t h & b a c k -
u p t o e x e c u t e l a r g e i n s t i t u t i o n a l
o r d e r s
P r o d u c t d e v e l o p m e n t & S a m p l i n g
a r e u n d e r t a k e n c o m m e r c i a l l y
+91 230 243 8538 office@kenindia.in
Q U A L I T Y P O L I C Y
U n d e r s t a n d i n g o f C u s t o m e r n e e d s
& a b i l i t y t o s e r v i c e i n s t i t u t i o n a l
c u s t o m e r s t o a p p a r e l s
F a b r i c D e s i g n & D e v e l o p m e n t
c a p a b i l i t y
D i v e r s e m a n u f a c t u r i n g c a p a b i l i t y
A b i l i t y t o d e l i v e r & c o m m i t m e n t
t o e x c e l l e n c e
To be the supplier of first choice for our customers working in close
association with them offering complete Fabric & Apparels related
solutions from design to delivery.
KEN endeavors to create value for its customers by setting
benchmarks in cost competitiveness, quality parameters and
turnaround time. This is to be achieved by a continuous process of
product innovation, enhancement of personnel skills and optimum
utilization of technology.
W H Y K E N . . .
O r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h 8 0 0 M e m b e r s
T e a m
9/621, Industrial Estate,
Ichalkaranji- 416115,
Maharashtra, INDIA.
CORPORATE OFFICE

30 TVC | MAY 2022
SUSTAINABILITY BEGINS
FROM SCRATCH :
SANJAY GUPTA
TVC Editorial Team
Radhey Krishna Cotweaving, established in Kishangarh, Rajasthan in 2019,
follows sustainability from the initial use till the final use. Keeping this mot-
to, the firm is not only concerned with sustainability of environment but
also takes care of its employees working in the firm. The firm has taken an
initiative to continue sustainability and spreading awareness for the better-
ment, said Mr. Sanjay Gupta, Director of Radhey Krishna Cotweaving, in
an exclusive interview withTextile Value Chain.
Excerpts:
S
teps taken towards Sustainability
We are right now on 100% renewable energy
that makes us a zero Carbon Footprint compa-
ny and as we are based in the Kishangarh High Tech
Textile park it has its own wind energy plant and our
factory is equipped with solar plant for power genera-
tion, That makes us totally on renewable energy with
80% from solar energy and the balance 20% from our
wind energy.
Products
Right now, we are only into greige cotton and cotton
blended fabrics. For cotton & blends we are dealing
from 6 counts till 30 counts. We are equipped with Air-
jet & Sulzer looms. The qualities which we are dealing
into starts from 130GSM till 444GSM, with width from
76CM to 355CM.
We are majorly selling most of our fabrics for making
canvas bags which are coming out now in new trends;
we are specialised in canvas fabric. We are also making
canvas painting pads fabric, another major segment.
For these products, we use recycled yarn. We are keen
to export our products, but right now we are unable
to export since we are currently into greige fabrics
which are the raw fabrics and not much in demand.
We are currently selling in the domestic market, but
our 99.99% clients are exporters only who are export-
ing bags, cushion covers, bedsheets, garments, home
textiles. Daks India Pvt. Ltd. is one of our clients who
Sanjay Gupta And Saurabh Gupta
Interview: Radhey Krishna Cotweaving

31 TVC | MAY 2022
is dealing with great brands like Louie Vuitton, Fendi,
Ralph Lauren, etc they make dust bags form our fabric
we supply to them.
Invention of a new fabric & expansion
We are introducing a new range of RPet fabric which
is a 100% recycled fabric made of plastic bottles that
is certified by GRS for which we also provide100%
traceability of everything. We will be introducing OBP
fabrics in 6 months, that is Ocean Bond Plastic fabric,
which will be made from the plastic waste sourced
from the ocean i.e dumped in the ocean and returned
back to the land. We are certified by Control Union for
GOTS & GRS, which enables a complete traceability.
Certification anyone can get but providing a traceabil-
ity from scratch till the finish product is a task and we
are working on it and we want people to get aware
about it, so that they know the value of such products.
Our expansion depends on how the market accepts us
because sustainability comes at a cost and if the mar-
ket is ready to bear that cost then we can expand to a
great extent.
How did Covid-19 impact the business of your com-
pany?
We got a very positive response during and after Covid
because people became more aware about the cli-
mate and got knowledge about sustainability, and this
helped us a lot. After Covid we could double our pro-
duction.
Promotion about the firm and its motives
We are talking to our clients and other people we
are in touch with to spread the awareness. We have
a website and we are in all channels of social media
right now. We are promoting through our own corpo-
rate videos and short clips on YouTube as well. We are
trying our level best to promote our concepts.
How do you follow the principles of sustainability as
it is on a niche stage?
When it comes to our company, as we are located in a
textile park, they have their own recycle plant for wast-
age. They have their own sewer systems plus whatever
cotton waste we generate while processing our fabric,
we sell it to a recycler. We have a track record of that
too. So, you can say from when the yarns are sent to
us, till the fabric is fully used, whatever the wastage, be
it fluffs or anything like side threads everything we sell
it to recycler. The recycler gets it recycled and makes
yarns out of it, nothing is wasted. The packing mate-
rial, when it comes to yarns whether its PP, or paper
tubes, or polythene or anything, we make sure every-
thing gets reused somehow. We have a client base for
that as well, we are selling each and every paper waste
of that. Every pp fabric is sold and nothing is a waste.
We are not dumping anything and we are entirely re-
using everything. We are following sustainability from
the scratch; we have 100% eco friendly electricity, then
we are sourcing yarns which are recycled, and we are
making fabrics out of the recycled energy, so that is
sustainable. Whatever is dumped like water waste and
all, in the textile park they have a plant which recycles
it, there is no water waste also.
We take care of the labourers. Since we all know la-
bours cant wear mask’s which is provided to them,
which breathing their intake includes fine particles of
cotton also, ayurveda has a simple remedy jaggery dis-
solves it. So, in morning we ensure they consume it,
while they enter for shift and also do the same when
they end their work. Its an ayurvedic cure which helps
them, so that they are not prone to any kind of dis-

32 TVC | MAY 2022
eases. In personal life as well, whatever garments we
have been using, we are recycling them as well. We
have vendors for them who are taking them, shred-
ding them and then reusing the fabric. Just not us, we
have taken an initiative to spread this concept too. Ev-
ery brand now is working towards sustainability. I think
in a year or so you’ll be seeing more sustainable fabrics
in the market.
There are a few garment stores which say that they
are 100% organic but by threads of polyester, you can’t
claim it 100% organic. Since they are using threads and
buttons which are not sustainable, 100% sustainability
is not possible for garments. When I am claiming that it
is 100% recycled fabric, it maybe 80% cotton and 20%
RPet or like that. So this is the difference, I am making
people aware about. Take for instance, the paper tubes
also. Why not we make our buyers aware that this pa-
per tube is recyclable. So please collect them and sell
them to some vendor who recycles it. We are making
our supply chain also aware about the things we are
doing, but to get it documented is a task. So this is the
whole story when it comes to the industry, and when it
comes to personal life
As being a startup how was your journey?
We started in 2019, It was a very interesting journey,
frankly speaking; first we saw two waves of Covid, then
now we are seeing the shooting up of cotton prices
and sustaining in three years you know, the graph was
like ups and downs, so it was never stagnant. Never-
theless, we are trying our best to work it out. As the
prices of raw fabrics are increasing, Recycling will defi-
nitely be the next future. But recycling is also very ex-
pensive. Sustainability also comes with a cost, because
it takes efforts, it takes labour, it takes transportation
to get the raw materials; then to get it recycled, so
cost benefits are also there but additional costs are
also there. So, we have to see how people accept all
this and move towards sustainability. I hope Covid has
taught us a lot about sustainability. Now India has a
bright future, looking at the problems that China has
been facing, and Sri Lankan issues at the moment. But
I think we really have a good future in textiles.
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33 TVC | MAY 2022
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34 TVC | MAY 2022
Vintage Meadows by Raysil
TVC Editorial Team
Grasim Industries Limited (VFY – The Fashion Yarn Busi-
ness) participated at the FABTEX 2022, after a hiatus of
2 years. This is one of the most reputed shows for Indi-
an fabrics, where most fabric manufacturers and trad-
ers showcase their unique collection for the year. The
event, like yester years, was held at the World Trade
Centre in Mumbai between the 28th and 30th of April
2022.
The fashion yarn business of Grasim Industries Ltd
showcased their collection of Vintage Meadows by
Raysil ® - the fashion yarn brand of the business. Raysil
showcased the unique fabrics and the yarns that cu-
Raysil lounge at
FABTEX 2022
rate them.
Raysil®isthesoul ofeverygarmentthatfalls anddrapes
well, fits perfectly, has the best sheen and smoothness
is skin-friendly with the eloquence of color and lustre.
It is a complete range of 100% natural and biodegrad-
able viscose filament yarns that are made from the
most premium wood pulp. The name encapsulates the
richness the yarn exudes, making it the most sought
after yarn by the fashion fraternity, globally.
Luxury is personified with ‘Raysil’. This premium yarn
is also extremely versatile and used in the making of
apparels – woven and knitted, home furnishing, em-
broidery embellishments and accessories mainly for
occasion wear, festive wear and styled, trendy wear.
This is what was highlighted through the stall décor,
the collection and explained during the interaction
with the team.
The Vintage Meadows collection by Raysil® was a nar-
ration of natural, light weight, evergreen, casual luxury
wear for today’s new age royalty.
Along with the collection, Raysil® also exhibited the
brand’s collaboration with the textile fraternity. There
were three (3) companies who displayed their unique
fabric collection at the Raysil® Lounge. They had a
beautiful and diverse collection apt for the season’s
ahead and showcased versatile possibilities with the
Raysil® yarns.
TEXTILE VALUE CHAIN took this opportunity to speak
to each of the Raysil® partners at the Raysil® lounge
during the event and had a sneak peak at the entire
collection – all at one place. Check out their views
about Raysil® and the emerging trends in the textile
industry.
Interview

35 TVC | MAY 2022
Naresh Bothra of
Ujjawal Textiles:
Pankaj Thakkar of
Satyam Fabric:
“We have been connected with Raysil for a very long
time. It’s more than 7 years now and we are continu-
ing our association. We are in manufacturing and trad-
ing mainly in the Indian market. We are mainly deal-
ing with viscose, cotton and linen and not polyester.
And mostly, we provide fabrics for women. At present,
the market is a bit dull and slow. We keep our rates
under check and price the goods at low cost because
this market is always price driven and considers com-
petitive pricing as the first factor. The second factor is
mandi or demand from the market and both the fac-
tors work complimentary to each other.
The future is good since the textile industry is doing
well in India. Regarding the situation for entrepre-
neurs, the situation is very crucial and today poses a lot
of challenges. Unless we work hard, we can face multi-
ple challenges. Also, though talent today is important,
it all depends on the hard work put into the business”
“We have been connected with Raysil® for more than
45 years and I have been associated with it since 27
yrs. Raysil® is a very good brand, and in the last 10
years much innovation has happened in quality and
quantity. I am dealing with all their products of viscose.
I have dual businesses - I am a yarn dealer and I am in
fabric trading as well, exclusively viscose. Satyam is the
brand for my fabrics and the yarn brand is Shivam Ray-
on. My market is in India, mainly across Punjab, Delhi,
Mumbai, and Jaipur. Viscose Filament Yarns (VFY) is a
premium segment, and the future is very bright. In any
showroom we can find VFY in the form of garments. It
is replacing fibres like bamboo and today you will find
premium VFY women’s dress materials and suits, sa-
rees, and garments.
The trend in the textile industry is impacted by busi-
ness environment. With frequent fuel hikes and oth-
er factors, labour, and inputs, prices of raw materials
and goods have increased in the textile industry within
the last three months. VFY share is going up due to im-
ports, and with quality and expansion, it is expected to
go up further. Startups at the yarn level is not possible
at all. In fabrics much innovation has happened. Start-
ups are opening most on the garmenting and at the
fashion stage. This is a growing segment of the indus-
try as our Honorable Prime Minister Modi ji is encour-
aging startups and the demand is high.”

36 TVC | MAY 2022
Darshan Nawab of
Vrundavan Textiles:
Vrindavan Textiles changed the company name from
Jyoti Fabrics and reformed company values, vision and
mission since more than 3-4 years, as the new genera-
tion entered the business.
We are associated with Raysil from quite a long time.
It is good be with the brand and sell the plant based
sustainable fabrics. In 5-10 years, Viscose trend will be
much popular.
Brand and innovation is the key for success as against
our earlier focus on only manufacturing goods. The
fabrics at that time weighed 3-4 kg per 100 meters.
Now we manufacture from 3 kg to above 10 kgs. We
have also diversified into many things and have inno-
vated many fabrics. So basically, our agenda is to visu-
alise and try to anticipate the trend. Only then we will
be able to optimise our performance because if the
trend changes, then the raw materials, finish product
of the yarn will get affected. So, what I can anticipate
to changing in the coming months, allows me to plan
and optimize my performance as per the emerging
trend. Thus, mantra for Vrindavan Textiles is to follow
trends closely to achieve success.
In India the fashion trends are based on environment
and festivals. During the period of August to Diwali
season different patterns emerge that are richer, more
attractive, because as you know we are going to give
fabric they will wear in Diwali and post-Diwali. When
the winter starts different fabrics are used.
Right now, we are dealing with women’s wear. Now
with around more than 60-70% women working cur-
rently in urban cities, they want comfortable wear.
Else, they would not like to work comfortably and will
get irritated by fabrics that they wear. So, our motive is
making trendy fabrics; these should be cost effective,
mainly comfortable. Whatever fabrics I make I take a
piece to my wife, who is a fashion designer. She uses
and suggests what things to change or make according
to latest trend and style for better acceptability. We are
providing fabrics to Italy and other foreign countries
also. Our fabrics are competing with fabric from China.
When anyone joins the industry, we feel both delight-
ed and apprehensive. This is because when we see po-
tential in the industry, it is not yet fulfilled. We have to
grow like a family in order to achieve something. That
is what we did and feel others should do the same too.
TEXTILE VALUE CHAIN had a remarkable opportunity
to understand the long association that each of the
partners across value chain – be it yarn trader, weav-
er, fabric trader has with Raysil®. The discussions also
highlighted the need for rich and comfortable fabrics
and how brand and innovation is the trend of today’s
fashion world. Raysil® continues to drive both the as-
pects. VFY, according to all, is gaining significant mo-
mentum as a preferred fabric for Indian women’s wear
and is in trend for comfortable and sustainable wear
too. Truly, experiencing the Vintage Meadows Collec-
tion and interacting with the Raysil® brand associates
at the Raysil Lounge of FABTEX 2022 was a great start
to the year.

38 TVC | MAY 2022
Raina Industries:
Nothing Succeeds
like Innovation!
By Mohit Raina
R
aina Industries Pvt. Ltd was started in 2014, un-
der the ‘Make-In-India’ Initiative of the Honour-
able Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, with
the mission of bringing the latest technologies from
Europe and the US and manufacturing them in India.
The aim is to indigenise new age technologies to cater
to the rural, peri-urban and urban sectors of the coun-
try. Raina Industries is very specifically an engineering
and a manufacturing start-up the focus lies on two as-
pects-
• Focus on Value Addition into products and appli-
cation fields ranging from medical, defence, trans-
portation to infrastructure using technical textile
solutions
• Focus on Sustainability by bringing in application of
textiles in all these fields to boost textiles, increase
jobs in this sector and at the same time to have the
products in these fields, which are more sustain-
able.
Globally, the most innovative technologies are out of
Europe and parts of the US. Technical textile is an ap-
plication-based industry with high technicality. Thus,
keeping in mind, the application of textiles in techni-
cal sectors, Raina Industries had decided to focus on
end use applications. Raina Industries has started with
story OF A STARTUP

39 TVC | MAY 2022
the construction and infrastructure sector as a high
growth potential was observed here, but the vision of
Dr. Raina, Managing Director, is to also extend the ap-
plication to other industries like medical textiles, trans-
portation, defence and more.
try by reducing the use of cement by up to 80%. This is
possible by the use of AR-Glass and Carbon fibre grids,
which are incorporated in concrete.
The applications include semi-structural and non-struc-
tural applications. In order to be able to deliver high
quality innovate products, Raina Industries works
intensively with IIT Madras in the domains of con-
struction and marine infrastructure. The production
capacities of Raina Industries are distributed over six
verticals- Façades, street furniture, modular tomorrow
or modular toilets, marine infrastructure, composites
and interiors. Currently headquartered out of Mum-
bai, Raina Industries is further expanding in Delhi NCR,
Pune and Hyderabad. The company aims at touching a
Rs. 500 crore turnover in the next 5 years. The compa-
ny also spends quality time in innovations, which is a
practice they indulge in every day.
Similar to the eco-system in the domain of civil and
construction, Raina Industries is also currently focusing
on building teams for domains such as Green Hydro-
gen, Marine Infrastructure, Smart Cities and Material
Upcycling to create products and services with textiles
as the key ingredient.
In its endeavour to build the nation with latest tech-
nologies, Raina Industries was conferred upon with the
National Award 2021 by the Technology Development
Board, Government of India, for the Successful Com-
mercialisation of Indigenous technologies on the Na-
tional Technology Day in 2021.
India is a land of over a billion dreams and aspira-
tions, which are seeing a paradigm shift. Every such
paradigm shift brings along with it change in the soci-
ety and the Indian Industry is no different. There are
challenges, which need to be addressed, issues to be
sorted, procedures and perspectives have to be set
right, but most importantly, the intent to undergo a
positive change has to be undeterred. Raina Indus-
tries very strongly believes in this intent and pro-
gresses towards building the Nation.
Similar to the eco-system in the
domain of civil and construc-
tion, Raina Industries is also
currently focusing on building
teams for domains such as
Green Hydro gen, Marine In-
frastructure, Smart Cities and
Material Upcycling to create
products and services with tex-
tiles as the key ingredient. In its
endeavour to build the nation
with latest technologies,
As a philosophy of growth, Raina Industries firmly be-
lieves in creating innovation eco-systems and work-
ing in cross-sectoral teams from the civil, mechanical
and mobility sectors to deliver products and services.
In the current civil and construction sectors Raina In-
dustries works very closely with Ultratech Cement Ltd
and Godrej Construction to develop, produce and sell
solutions in the domains of fibre and textile reinforced
concrete (TRC). The use of fibres along with high
strength and recyclable concrete gives Raina Indus-
tries the edge to help develop sustainable structures
reinforced by textiles. Textile reinforced concrete helps
reduce the carbon footprint of the construction indus-

40 TVC | MAY 2022
INNOVATION:
IT’S IN
OUR DNA
www.swisstextilemachinery.ch
Invented in Switzerland.
Where the same innovative spirit drives textile progress today.
Vevey, Switzerland, 1819:
François-Louis Cailler invents the
now-familiar tablet format for
chocolate. His simple idea makes
chocolate available and affordable
worldwide. Today, one billion Swiss-
made chocolate bars are produced
each year.

41 TVC | MAY 2022
NEED OF AN
ECO-FRIENDLY
ALTERNATIVE IN
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Pankaj Poddar, Chairman & Group CEO,
Cosmo Speciality Chemicals
With the advancement of technology and newer sus-
tainable ways, the market now offers an array of safer
and more sustainable chemicals to work with and the
current manufacturing conditions of the textile busi-
nesses need to change and become more sustainable.
T
he textile industry is one of the oldest and the
second largest industry in the world, employing
over 25 million people. For context, consumers
spend around US$1.3 trillion on textiles every year,
most of it on clothes. Due to this rising demand, the
textile chemical industry, which is an integral part of
the system has seen a rapid growth in the past years
and is now being called a new sunrise sector.
However, all is not well. The textile industry uses dif-
ferent chemicals in different processes like, dyeing,
finishing, scouring, bleaching, softening, washing etc.
which are often harmful to the environment. Accord-
OPINION

42 TVC | MAY 2022
ing to reports, nearly five per cent of all landfill space
is consumed by textile waste and about 20 per cent of
all fresh water pollution is made by textile treatment
and dyeing.
To give a perspective, the water consumption ranges
between 10–645 L/kg product, and for mills with fin-
ishing and dyeing processes, the range is 21–645 L/kg
product. Depending on the fibre and technology used,
the amount of water consumed per kilogram of prod-
uct could exceed 932 L/kg.
and wants to know where the product is coming from.
It is no more a look good industry but a feel good in-
dustry as well. Brands have a responsibility: choosing
well where they source their materials and where they
out-source the production. The consumer, getting in-
formation easily on Internet is more and more aware
of those issues, which reflects in its purchasing choic-
es. Sustainability concerns have only been increasing
since the 1990s and in 2015, 66% of global consumers
were willing to pay more for environmentally sustain-
able products.
One of the major players or game-changers in this cat-
egory is textile chemicals. As per reports, there are
around 8,000 synthetic chemicals used by this textile
industry to manufacture the raw materials into fin-
ished goods. These chemicals are harmful and pose
serious health hazards, especially for people working
with them without proper protection. Moreover, many
of these chemicals often end up in freshwaters.
With the advancement of technology and newer sus-
tainable ways, the market now offers an array of safer
and more sustainable chemicals to work with. Brands
and manufacturers should therefore be concerned
about the amount of chemical usage in production,
and where a possible transition to sustainable fiber
sources and alternative natural dyes and processing
methods.
Technological fixes aside, reshaping behaviour and
practices often requires working with changing the val-
ues associated with production and consumption and
doing so in a way sensitive to different cultural, geo-
graphic, and political contexts.
A major role in this will be re-skilling and up-skilling
the already on the job workforce. The current manu-
facturing conditions of the textile businesses need to
change and become more sustainable. The employees
need to be trained to adapt to the changing environ-
ment. It is these men and women with the right set
of skills and knowledge that will play a crucial role in
the coming days in making green production processes
and sustainable investment strategies to bring about a
real change.
“Sustainability concerns
have only been increas-
ing since the 1990s and in
2015, 66% of global
consumers were willing to
pay more for environmen-
tally sustainable
products.”
However, with rapid innovation and focus on sustain-
ability the picture is now slowly changing. The intro-
duction of white technology and green chemistry has
the potential to change the game and make the in-
dustry not only sustainable but also eco friendly. We
at Cosmo Speciality Chemicals are committed to this
cause and all our products are made using sustainable
science with the use of enzymes in textile preparatory
processes. The enzymes are applied in various stages
of textile processing namely desizing, scouring, bleach-
ing, dyeing, finishing and composting. At present, we
have 56 products across these ranges and all of our
products are made using sustainable science and are
eco-friendly.
Another positive change which is driving the shift is the
fact that brands and consumers have become aware

43 TVC | MAY 2022
3rd Floor, Dawer Chambers, Ring Road, Surat- 395 002. Gujarat, India
Phone: +91 261 4190200 / 2635541-42 | e-Mail : info@shahlon.com | Web. : www.shahlon.com
Maintaining world-class quality standards and delivering innovative products have been the foundation of
Shahlon group’s manufacturing philosophy. A system of acute quality control involving multiple tests
throughout each stage of operation is adopted, ensuring quality, efficiency and dependability of every
product.
Our wide range of yarn offerings include
Applications
Textured
We produce all types of NIM,
SIM, HIM textured and crimp
yarn, in all lustres - SD, FD as
well as BRT, using interna-
tional standard manufactur-
ing techniques.
Intermingle
Our carpet yarn offerings are
further expanded through
intermingled yarn.
Carpet
We have been exporting
various types of yarns such
as micro and high bulk to
the carpet manufacturing
industry, for products
ranging from rugs to wall to
wall carpets.
Dyed
With a capacity of producing
750 tons per month, &
world-class infrastructure,
we are well-known to meet
the dyeing needs of
international and local
markets.
Space Dyed
Adding further value to
dyed yarn, we also
manufacture and supply
polyester/ viscose
space-dyed yarn.
Weaving Furnishing Laces Tapes
Carpets
Labels
Velvet
Knitting
Government Recognized
Star Export House

44 TVC | MAY 2022
M
SME has the potential to offer an attractive
career which can resonate with the ambitions
of the new generation, helping them to thrive
in the dynamic business environment, says Mudit Pa-
reek CTO, Saraf Furniture.
It is a no-brainer that Micro, Small and Medium Enter-
prises, abbreviated as MSMEs, are the backbone of the
Indian economy for decades. This sector differentiates
between the three based on the investment and/or
revenue but comprises two categories, namely- man-
ufacturing and services.
This sector employs more than 11 crore Indians and
accounts for the country’s 30 per cent gross domestic
production (GDP). Boosting MSMEs’ financial velocity
will be crucial to giving the substantial GDP growth rate
an enormous impetus.
STRENGTHENING MSMEs
TVC Editorial Team
However, the worst pandemic of the last century
wreaked havoc on mankind and hit the MSME sector
hard. Ailing for aid, the sector is not looking for the tra-
ditional one-size-fit-all approach in the business, as it
is time to get them tailor made support to rebuild their
economic ecosystem.
Even the World Trade Organization (WTO) has laid its
emphasis on the tech-savvy MSME market, which can
add more to the GDP of the world and create a level
playing field amid the rising competition. Deploying
the operational and financial strategies require due dil-
igence and a decent capital, where these sectors take
a setback.
Here are four key pointers which should be taken into
account to bootstrap the MSME sectors in India:
1. Automating the Business Process
Technology is the key for the class and those who are
backbenchers in this space, stand outside. The state-
ment might be harsh but it’s a truth that the world is
moving towards automation and digitalisation. This
not only brings operational efficiency, but saves your
time and capital in the long term, thanks to dedicated
software, hardware and machinery.
Eliminating mundane tasks with automation boosts
the morale of the employees and strengthens them to
think out of the box, resulting in higher creative and
productive solutions to the core business. This will also
improve the customer experience and the key person-
nel can allocate more time to solutions.
2. Getting the Financial Right
Finances are key to every business, particularly which
require a hefty capital or where the cash flow is lack-
OPINION

45 TVC | MAY 2022
lustre. Every small business needs financial support
from time to time, either for the working capital or the
short-term finances or for the long-term needs. They
often resort to techniques like invoice discount to cus-
tomers which is not a good practice.
The government should have a strong, healthy and
hassle-free mechanism to ease the financial crunch
for the economic backbone of the country. Also, the
MSMEs should aim to rope in strategic partners or the
co-owners to get the financials streamlined. Another
solution to the problem is a self-help group where MS-
MEs can come together to help each other in tough
times, but the solutions shall be practical and tactical.
3. Strong marketing Strategies
Small business lacks the efficient and effective mar-
keting strategies and often leads to cash burn without
tangible results. Strong business operation with lower
sales is a sign of business failure and it’s only the sales
which result in profits. Rest increases the profitability.
Let’s see what Emma Lakna, a business analyst and digital marketing specialist
says about this. She says she is on a mission to revolutionise the internet advertis-
ing industry by making it simple for businesses to promote their products in front
of interested potential buyers. Email: emma.lakna@gmail.com
The MSMEs should fine-tune their marketing expenses
including promotions, advertisements and PR activities
which establish their brand identity and increase the
long term earnings. Sit with your managers to train,
educate and brainstorm them in generating results.
4. Harness the Right Talent
Often, MSMEs offer greater flexibility to employees
which gives them decent work life balance, but limit
their opportunities compared to the larger corporates.
Thus, MSMEs should organise their staffing policies
to give them better opportunities and defined career
paths.
MSME has the potential to offer an attractive career
which can resonate with the ambitions of the new
generation, helping them to thrive in the dynamic
business environment. The right talent is the key to the
exponential success of the business and having horses
for the courses in the stable would be a prudent way.
THINGS TO TRY IF YOUR
BUSINESS ISN’T GROWING!
TVC Editorial Team
M
ost business owners want to put money into
their company in order to help it develop. You
may see exponential growth in the early stag-
es of your business; people are learning about your
company for the first time, they’re having positive first
impressions, and the novelty of your brand is still fresh
enough to help it spread.
This is both thrilling and comforting, since it opens up
new income sources while also supporting your com-
pany model’s existence.
But what happens when the rate of growth slows
down?
Fortunately, there are a variety of small business de-
velopment tactics you may employ to re-energize your
company and re-establish its momentum.
Is your company trapped?
First, determine whether or not your company’s
growth has slowed. Most firms go through activity cy-
cles, which include busy and sluggish periods. They also
tend to fluctuate in response to economic situations;
OPINION

46 TVC | MAY 2022
if the larger economy is experiencing a downturn, it’s
only natural that sales will drop or growth will cease.
If you’ve seen a flattening in sales for more than six
months, or if you’re observing stalled momentum in
a number of areas, your firm may have reached a pla-
teau. This isn’t a strict rule because different sectors
have varied growth rates and pathways to expansion,
but it’s still crucial to think about your company’s
growth in the long run.
Techniques to Try
So, what strategies can you employ if your company’s
growth has slowed to a halt?
1. Define your objectives. Examine your existing ob-
jectives and expectations and be open to adjust
them. There’s a potential that your apparent stag-
nation is just the product of unrealistic expecta-
tions, backed up by a goal that never made sense
for your company to begin with. What is the ideal
rate of growth for you? Also, bear in mind that if
your company expands too quickly, this might be
an issue. Your plateau may no longer appear as
frightening if you’ve set stronger goals and expec-
tations.
2. Get a different point of view. Try to acquire some
outside input about your company. Depending on
your resources and how long you’ve been in com-
pany, this might involve speaking with a mentor,
hiring a consultant, or just bringing in new blood.
Outside observers will be able to provide you a
more objective perspective on how your company
operates and what it could be missing.
3. Swap out the people in charge. To promote devel-
opment and support operations, businesses rely
heavily on leadership. If things aren’t going your
way, think about switching up the leadership. This
might entail hiring new managers and directors, or
it could just entail shifting the viewpoints and atti-
tudes of the executives you presently have. In any
event, if you want to get your firm back on its feet,
you’ll need to adjust.
4. Put an emphasis on innovation. Even a single sig-
nificant idea might be enough to breathe fresh life
into your company and propel it forward. Make
innovation a priority for your company; encour-
age your employees to come up with new ideas on
a regular basis, and provide lots of funds to new
product and service research and development.
5. Research your competition. Take a peek at your
competitors if you’re experiencing slow growth. If
you discover that all of your rivals are having simi-
lar problems, it’s possible that you’re dealing with
an industry-wide issue. Try to figure out what it is
that a rival is doing differently in this setting if they
seem to be succeeding. While copying your com-
petition may not be the best strategy, you can at
least learn something from them.
6. Seek advice from your consumers. Ask your con-
sumers what they think about it because they are
the lifeblood of your company. Are they satisfied
with the services and products provided to them?
Is there anything else your company might be do-
ing for them? Also, consider getting a business
phone number.
7. Go to a different market. You might also try to
jumpstart your company’s expansion by entering a
new market. You may, for example, attempt reach-
ing a new demographic with a new product line or
physically expand to a new geographic location.
8. Reevaluate your situation on a regular basis. Take
a look at your objectives and how far you’ve come
toward achieving them. In the corporate world,
things change rapidly, therefore you must be adap-
tive.
These strategies might not be able to get your business
out of a rut right away, and some of them might not be
right for your brand. However, if you keep innovating
and pushing your company ahead, you should be able
to regain and renew the momentum that got you here.

47 TVC | MAY 2022
www.uster.com/qbar2
Inspecting fabrics after weaving is old school. With USTER®
Q-BAR 2, smart weavers can pinpoint
defects during fabric formation. It’s the right way to reduce material losses and minimize manual
checks. When it comes to fabric quality issues, prevention is better than cure.
The whole fabric is automatically monitored – warp, weft, selvage and leno – and faults are
identified immediately. LEDs signal defect locations to the weaver, with information shown on
the control unit touchscreen. It’s automatic inspection, in-process and instant, so weavers can
react to prevent long-running or repeating faults.
USTER®
Q-BAR 2 sets the future standard, controlling the weaving process instead of the output.
USTER
®
Q-BAR 2
Weave it right: spot defects on the loom

48 TVC | MAY 2022
E-TEXTILES:
A REVIEW
Ajay Joshi, Tanveer Malik- Faculties
Kajol Jain- Student
Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya,
Indore
Abstract
Textiles have been at the heart of human technological
progress for thousands of years, with textile develop-
ments closely tied to key inventions that have shaped
societies. The relatively recent invention of electron-
ic textiles is set to push boundaries again and has al-
ready opened the potential for garments relevant to
defense, sports, medicine, and health monitoring. The
literature shows that electronics can be integrated into
textiles, where integration is achieved by either attach-
ing the electronics onto the surface of a textile, add-
ing electronics at the textile manufacturing stage, or
incorporating electronics at the yarn stage. Methods of
integration can have an influence on the textile’s prop-
erties such as the drapability of the textile.
Introduction
The development of textiles reflects the civilization of
humans to a certain extent: A variety of leaves were
reconnected by our ancestors to form the early mod-
els of textiles; natural materials such as silk and cotton
were then woven into real textiles that were warm-
er and more comfortable; nylon and Kevlar, gradual-
ly appeared and greatly enhanced our lives over the
last century; textiles are now expected to exhibit addi-
Review Paper : E- Textiles

49 TVC | MAY 2022
tional functionalities besides making people warm and
comfortable. It is promising or required to make elec-
tronic devices into textiles for a more efficient use of
electricity in many fields, such as displays and sensing.
The fact that electricity dominates our life and is ev-
erywhere means that the development of smart elec-
tronic textiles is important and has possible practical
applications.
‘Electronic textiles also known as smart garments
are fabrics that enable digital components such as a
battery and a light (including small computers), and
electronics to be embedded in them’. The first exam-
ples of the modern electronic wearable technologies
with considerable sensing and computational abilities
emerged in the form of smart phones, smart watches,
and smart eyeglasses. In these devices, the electron-
ic functionalities are built into standard and rigid daily
life objects already in use.
Electricity-Generating Textiles
Electronic devices are all powered by electricity. We
begin this with textiles that can convert other energy
source into electric energy. The most accessible forms
of energy from the environment include light as well as
thermal and mechanical energy. These can be convert-
ed into electric energy through photovoltaic, thermo-
electric, and piezoelectric effects.
Conversion from light energy
The photovoltaic effect generates electricity in a device
upon exposure to light. The electrons in the valence
band absorb light energy, become excited, and jump
to the conduction band to become free. The excited
electrons diffuse to reach a junction where they are
transported into different materials by a built-in poten-
tial to produce electric currents. Solar cells generally
demonstrate the above process. Although a variety of
solar cells are planar, third-generation solar cells but
typically, the third-generation solar cells are first fabri-
cated onto fibre substrates, and the fibre-shaped solar
cells are then woven into photovoltaic textiles.
The sub classifications are:
1. Fibre shaped solar cells
2. Textile shaped solar cells
Conversion from mechanical energy
The piezoelectric effect has mostly been investigated
regarding converting mechanical energy into electric
energy. Of decisive importance for the piezoelectric
effect is the polarization change in the piezoelectric
material under a mechanical stress. The change in po-
larization appears as a variation in the surface charge
density.
They are simply constructed on piezoelectric materi-
als and positive/negative electrodes. Studies showed
that, more commonly, alternating current/voltage out-
puts are obtained in a cycle consisting of exerting and
releasing stress. In 2008, a fibre-shaped piezoelectric
Nano generator (PENG) gave a direct output. Thereaf-
ter, fibre- and textile-shaped PENGs started to attract
increasing attention.
The sub classifications are:
1. Fibre shaped piezoelectric generators
2. Textile shaped piezoelectric generators
Conversion from thermal energy
The thermoelectric effect is generally used to convert
thermal energy into electric energy. The most explored
thermoelectric devices convert temperature gradients
(dT/dx) to electric energy through the See Beck effect,
while the less explored pyroelectric effect generates
electricity from temperature fluctuations (dT/dt) as re-
sult of thermal diffusion. A high temperature gradient
or fluctuation is preferred, and thus thermoelectric de-
vices are rarely used in wearable electronics. On the
other hand, it would be adventitious if the heat from
the human body could be used to generate electricity
effectively.
The subclassifications are:
1. Thermoelectricity
2. Pyroelectricity
Textiles for Electricity Storage
Besides generating electricity, it is also important to
store electricity for effective use. Thus, energy-storage
textiles are also required for wearable electronics. Lith-
ium-ion batteries and super capacitors represent two
main formats for storing electricity as a result of their

50 TVC | MAY 2022
high energy and high-power densities, respectively. In
recent years, both have been incorporated into ener-
gy-storage textiles.
Lithium-ion batteries
A lithium-ion battery consists of a negative electrode,
a positive electrode, and an electrolyte. For a typical
working process, lithium ions move from the negative
electrode to the positive electrode during discharging
and in the reverse direction during charging. The elec-
trolyte allows ionic transport between the negative
and positive electrodes. Both electrodes are composed
of active material, conductive additive, and binder. Ac-
tive materials in the positive electrode typically include
lithium salts, such as LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 and LiFePO4.
Active materials in the negative electrode are classi-
fied into carbonaceous materials, metals/alloys, and
oxides/sulfides (e.g.,Li4Ti5O12).The binder is made of
thermoplastic polymers, and conductive additives are
made of carbonaceous materials such as carbon black,
CNTs, and graphene. To prepare an electrode, slur-
ry of active material, binder, and conductive additive
is formed first and then cast onto a current collector
(usually Cu for the negative electrode and Al for the
positive electrode).
Lithium-ion batteries are classified as:
1. Fiber shaped lithium-ion batteries
2. Textile shaped lithium-ion batteries
Super capacitors
In contrast to batteries with high energy densities, su-
per capacitors have been widely investigated regarding
high power densities. Like lithium-ion batteries, super
capacitors have structure with the electrolyte sand-
wiched between two electrodes. According to energy
storage, they are categorized as double layer capacitor
and pseudo capacitor. An electrostatic double layer ca-
pacitor is typically made from carbon electrodes and
realises charge separation at the interface between
the electrode and electrolyte. A pseudo capacitor is
generally fabricated from metal oxide or conducting
polymer electrodes and uses redox reactions to store
energy.
Super capacitors are classified as:
1. Fibre shaped super capacitors
2. Textile shaped super capacitors
Multifunctional Electronic Textiles
Electronic textiles with a single function cannot meet
the requirements for electronics. Increasing attention
has thus been paid to realise the functional integration
among the generation, storage, and utilisation of elec-
tricity.
Integration of Generation, Storage, and Utilisation
electricity
1. Generation and storage of electricity
2. Electric storage and utilization
Integration with Sensing Functionality
1. Strain and pressure sensors
i. Resistive sensors
ii. Capacitive sensors
2. Temperature sensors

51 TVC | MAY 2022
3. Chemical sensors
4. Humidity sensors
5. Self-powering sensors
Challenges
From a viewpoint of practical application, some criti-
cal challenges remain that need to be addressed. First-
ly, it is difficult to fabricate highly efficient fibre- and
textile-shaped electronic devices on a large scale, as
their performances greatly decrease, as their lengths
are increased from centimeters to meters or even lon-
ger. Secondly, it is challenging to connect a bunch of
fibre electrodes after the fibre-shaped electronic de-
vices are woven into textiles. Thirdly, is the question of
whether to seal the electronic textiles. They become
less stable and even soon fail without sealing, but they
cannot effectively display the advantages of the textile
structure after sealing.
Fourthly, washing the electronic textiles is problemat-
ic as they may stop working after contact with water.
In summary, although a lot of studies are required to
optimise the structures and enhance the properties of
these smart electronic textiles, they have been demon-
strated to be promising for a variety of applications. It
is proposed that they may bring a technical revolution
to our life soon.
Conclusion
Electronic textiles are the most exciting innovation in
the field of textile engineering. The development of
smart textiles reaches far beyond imagination; some
stories may seem science fiction. The economic value
and impact of smart textiles is gigantic. The advent of
smart textiles makes it possible to being the tradition-
al textile sector to a level of high-technological indus-
try. Moreover, it appears that this is only possible by
intense co-operation between people from various
backgrounds and disciplines such as microelectronics,
computer science, material science, polymer science,
biotechnology, etc. Also, more research is needed to
make it more convenient in our practical life.
References:
1. Review on smart textiles, Wei Weng, Peining Chen,
Sisi He, Xuemei Sun, Huisheng Peng Angewandte
Chemie International Edition 55(2016)
2. Review on wearable textiles by Joanna Berzowska
Textile 3 (1), 58-75, 2005
3. Electronic textiles charge ahead by Robert F Ser-
vice Science 301 (5635), 909-911, 2003
4. Historical review of smart e textiles, Theodore
Hughes-Riley, Tilak Dias, Colin Cork Fibers 6 (2), 34,
2018
5. Electronic textiles as disruptive, Kristin Searle Har-
vard Educational Review 84 (4), 532-556, 2014
6. Sungmee Park, Sundaresan Jayaraman MRS bulle-
tin 28 (8), 585-591, 2003
7. Wearble electronics and smart textiles, Matteo
Stoppa, Alessandro Chiolerio sensors 14 (7), 11957-
11992, 2014
8. Review on Wearable electronics, Mozhdeh Ghahre-
mani Honarvar, Masoud Latifi The Journal of The
Textile Institute 108 (4), 631-652, 2017
9. Flexible interconnects for electronic textiles, Tal-
ha Agcayazi, Kony Chatterjee, Alper Bozkurt, and
Tushar K. Ghosh*,2017
“Firstly, it is difficult to fabricate highly
efficient fibre- and textile-shaped elec-
tronic devices on a large scale, as their
performances greatly decrease, as their
lengths are increased from centimeters
to meters or even longer. Secondly, it is
challenging to connect a bunch of fibre
electrodes after the fibre-shaped elec-
tronic devices are woven into textiles.
Thirdly, is the question of whether to seal
the electronic textiles.”

52 TVC | MAY 2022
LEADING ECO-FRIENDLY TEXTILE
CHEMICAL MANUFACTURER IN INDIA
Cosmo Specialty Chemicals is India's leading texxle auxiliary manufacturer,
oﬀering a comprehensive range of texxle auxiliaries and chemicals for texxle
processing to clients worldwide.
We have launched 56 eco-friendly textile auxiliaries
OUR PRODUCTS
Pre-treatment
Auxiliaries
Dyeing
Auxiliaries
Finishing
Chemicals

53 TVC | MAY 2022
P
eople must be made aware of sustainable dyed
fabric and garment in order for it to become
widely accepted and as a result, demand and
consumption will rise, infers Ayman Satopay.
The textile business is the world’s second-most pollut-
ing industry. Synthetic dyes are responsible for a sig-
nificant portion of this pollution, with textile dyeing
operations accounting for almost 20% of global water
contamination. The use of non-biodegradable petro-
leum-based colourants to dye textiles, the use of toxic
agents to fix colourants on textiles, and the release of
huge amounts of these colourants and fixation agents
into the surrounding ecosystem are the key contrib-
utors to this problem. After severe new rules were
imposed a year ago, China shut down most of the en-
terprises creating synthetic textile dyes. Industries are
now exploring towards greener ways to colour textiles
as a result of those closures and severe environmental
requirements.
Natural colours extracted from biodegradable plant
sources may be a feasible alternative to synthetic co-
lourants. Toxic fixing agents, on the other hand, must
still be employed with these colourants. Across the
board, the textile and apparel industries are looking
for new ways to colour. Fabric has been dyed by hu-
mans for millennia. The earliest evidence dates from
3500 BC. All colours were manufactured using natural
pigments and oils until 1856, when WH Perkins discov-
ered the use of synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes are now
used in 90% of our clothing. We’ll look at contempo-
rary difficulties in textile dyeing and treatment, as well
as innovative technology and sustainable dying tech-
niques, in this post. If you want to learn more about
this scene, to check read our article on sustainable
fashion startups [9].
Sustainability and its importance
The ability to remain and flourish in the future without
depleting natural resources is referred to as sustain-
ability. The United Nations defined sustainable devel-
This article is the outcome of a project sub-
mitted by: Ms. Ayman Satopay in the partial
fulfilment of the Requirement for the de-
gree of Masters in Science (Textile Science
and Apparel Design), Recent Advances in
Textile Science and Apparel Design, under
the guidance of Mrs. Nikhila Rane, Subject
Incharge, Department of Textile Science and
Apparel Design, SNDT Women’s University,
Juhu, Mumbai - 400049.
Ms. Ayman Satopay
Sustainable Dyeing

54 TVC | MAY 2022
opment in the Brundtland Report as development that
meets present demands without jeopardising future
generations’ ability to fulfil their own. It is founded on
the premise that resources are finite and should be
used carefully and sparingly in order to ensure that fu-
ture generations will have enough without decreasing
current living standards. Environmental conservation
and dynamic equilibrium in human and ecological sys-
tems must be prioritised by a socially responsible so-
ciety [2].
We will not be able to maintain our Earth’s ecosys-
tems or function as we do now unless we adopt more
sustainable decisions. We will run out of fossil fuels, a
substantial number of animal species will become ex-
tinct, and the atmosphere will be irrevocably affected
if negative processes continue unchecked. Sustainabil-
ity benefits include clean air and nontoxic atmospheric
conditions, the increase of trustworthy resources, and
the quality and cleanliness of water [2].
Asindividualsbecomemoreenvironmentallyconscious
as a result of the climate crisis, there is a contempo-
rary push for sustainability to become a more desirable
emphasis for businesses. Businesses will most likely be
expected to have a positive climate impact across the
entire value chain, enhanced influence on the environ-
ment, people, and atmosphere, and valuable contribu-
tions to society in the future. Companies will be held
liable for all aspects of the sector, and any environmen-
tal damage or harmful emissions from manufacturing
processes should be minimised or avoided [4].
Synthetic dyeing and problems associated
with it
Definition of dyes
Dyes are substances that are used to impart colour to
textiles, paper, leather, and other materials in such a
way that the colour is resistant to washing, heat, light,
and other conditions that the material is likely to be
exposed to. There are different types of dyes based
on the source such as natural dyes which includes ex-
tracting dyes from natural resources such as vegetable,
flowers, minerals etc. The other group of dyes is syn-
thetic dyes which includes sulphur, vat and direct dyes
which are manmade [1].
Pollution
Synthetic dyestuffs have negative effects on all kinds of
life. Textile dyeing water is particularly toxic due to the
presence of vat dyestuffs, nitrates, acetic acid, soap-
ing chemicals, enzymatic substrates, chromium-based
compounds, and heavy metals, as well as other dye-
ing additives. Formaldehyde-based colour fixing aux-
iliaries, chlorine-based stain removers, hydrocar-
bon-based softeners, and other non-biodegradable
dyeing adjuvants are among the numerous hazardous
chemicals utilised in dyeing. AZO dyes account for 60-
80% of all dyes, several of which are known to be car-
cinogenic. Chlorobenzenes, which are often used to
colour polyester, are harmful if inhaled or come into
direct contact with the skin.
Local people and farmers living near rivers that have
turned different colours have reported health issues
and are concerned about the safety of the food they
are required to raise in neighbouring fields, as well as
the fact that all the fish have died and the lifeless river
has turned to sludge. The dyeing process releases a va-
riety of compounds into polluted water and chemicals,
resulting in the death of aquatic life, soil degradation,
and pollution of drinking water. The colouring process
has a considerable environmental impact, and existing
restrictions have been shown to be poorly enforced,
such as in China, as seen by the Jian River disaster. An
average t-shirt uses 16-20 litres of water during the
dyeing process, implying that the worldwide textile
sector discharges 40,000 – 50,000 tonnes of dyes into
the water system on a yearly basis.
The absorption and reflection of sunlight entering the
water is a major environmental concern with dyes.
Light absorption reduces algae’s photosynthetic activ-
ity, which has a significant impact on the food chain
because algae are at the bottom of the food chain, in-
fluencing all organisms above them. One of the main
reasons that aquatic life suffers in regions where co-
lours are released is a lack of algae, but another is
the toxicity of the dyes themselves. One of the most
important challenges today is a lack of clean drinking
water, and as one of the most polluting industries, tex-
tiles – particularly textile dyeing – is responsible for
many cases of pollution that renders fresh water unfit
for use. In the worst-case scenarios, communities are
forced to drink, wash clothes, bathe, and irrigate fields
with filthy water, and the poisons they are exposed to
can have disastrous consequences. Even when water
treatment is in place, poisonous sludge is produced as
a consequence of the process [1].

Textile Value Chain- May 2022

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