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IRJET-Review Paper on Use of Waste Plastic, Waste Rubber and Fly Ash in Bituminous Mixes
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 592 Review Paper on Use of Waste Plastic, Waste Rubber and Fly Ash in Bituminous Mixes Ghulamsakhi azizi1, Zulufqar Bin Rashid2 1Master of civil engineering student, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India 2Assistant professor department of civil engineering at Chandigarh University, Punjab, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: The population growth, industrialization, consumerism and technology development have led to uncontrollable accumulation of waste. Plastic and rubberuser friendly but not eco-biodegradable. Proper waste disposalisof great importance in both rural and urban areas. Utilization of waste plastic and waste rubber in bituminous mixes have proved. That the properties of mix are improved and disposal problems are also solved to some extent. Since these are not disposal scientifically and possibility to create ground and water pollution. These waste plastic and waste rubber partially replaced the conventional material to improve desired mechanical characteristics of road mix. and also by additional of fly ash ,waste plastic and waste rubber modified bitumen mix show better binding property , stability ,stiffness, density and extra resistant to water . As well as will help to reduce the environmental pollution. Key word: Marshall stability test, bitumen, waste plastic, waste rubber, fly ash 1. Introduction The polymer modified bitumen show properties for road construction and plastic waste can find its use in thisprocess and this can help solving problem of pollution. The better binding property of waste plastic in its molten state has helped in finding out a method of safe disposal of waste plastic. Due to its low cost, easy manufacturing and impervious to water, plastics and rubbers are used in an excessive and manufacturing wide range of products. Disposal of waste plastic and waste rubber in an eco-friendly way is the substance area of today’s research. The waste plastic and the crumb rubber for the construction of road material which would give a better solidity, durability resistance and strength to the road as compared to the conventional rubber are remarkablynon-biodegradablethus can be used as a modifier in bitumen and aggregate to increase their strength. Fly ash has successfully been used asfiller for bitumenmixes for a long time and has the advantage of increasing the resistance of bitumen mixes to moisture damage. In addition to filling voids, fly ash was reported to have the ability to work as a bitumen extender. 1.1 Introduction of Materials Coarse aggregate The Coarse aggregate consists of crushed rock, crushed gravel or other gravel or other hard material retained on 2.36 and passing on 4.75 mm IS sieve. Fine aggregate Fine aggregate consists of crushed or naturally occurring material or their combination passing 2.36 mm IS sieve but retained on 75µm. Fly ash Fly ash as a filler passing 75µm IS sieve. It is one of the residues generated in combustion of coal. Comprises of fine particles which rise with the flue gases. One of the major pollutants which originate from combustion. Bitumen Bitumen is a black or dark coloured solid or viscous cementitioussubstance having an adhesiveproperties.Andit consists chiefly high molecular weighthydrocarbonsderived from distillation of petroleum or natural asphalt. And also it is a semi-solid hydrocarbon product produced by removing the lighter fractions (such asliquid petroleumgas,petroland diesel) from heavy crude oil during the refining process. Waste plastic A plastic material isany of a wide range of synthetic or semi- synthetic organic solids that are malleable. And they are usually synthetic. Most commonly derived from petrochemicals. Plastic waste (bags, cups, bottles) made out of PE, PP and PS cut in to a size between 2.36mm and 4.75mm using shredding machine. Waste rubber Crumb rubber is obtained from truck or automobile tyres. Whole truck tyrescontain 18%naturalrubbercomparedto9 percent in automobile tyre. And the scrap tyre is shredded into small piecesby the help of mechanical bladesup to sizes of 1mm-75µm.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 593 2. Use of waste plastic in bituminous mixes Prasad (2013) by using 2 , 4, 6, 8, 10%of PET(polyethylene terephthalate) density increases and flow value also increases, Marshall stability value with 5.3%waste plasticin 2900 kg and the percentage increases in stability value has been found to be 75.76% as compared to the mix without plastic.(1) Soni& Punjabi (2013) the consumption of waste polythene in bituminous concrete mixture thus formed. The waste polythene consumed in the mix will get coated over aggregates of the mixture and reduces porosity, absorption of moisture and improves binding property, the bitumen modified with 4.5% polythene waste id showing better performance as compared to other mixes.(2) Santosh(2013) In the present study, the importance was to add the shredded waste PP to use bituminous concrete (BC) mix and to evaluate the various mix properties like Marshall Stability number, flow, bulk density, voids in the mix and voids field with bitumen (VFB) and 8% PP coated on aggregates which had yielded the highest marshal stability. (3) Kazami & Govardhana Rao (2015) waste materials of polythene were collected and 5 to 11% were mixed with bitumen (60⁄70) grade. The studies conclusively showed that the waste plastic materials could be incorporated as a binding agent for the construction of road low density polyethylene (LDPE) to extent of 9% sample was found tobe the most effective binder proportion. (4) Soyal (2015) states that addition 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% by weight of processed plastic for the preparation of modified bitumen. The results 4% polythene waste is showing better performance as compared to other mixes. Marshal stability value increase with 4% polythene waste. (5) Rokdey (2015) in this study plastic will increasethemelting point of the bitumen and also this innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also increase the road life. By using plastic coating over aggregate compressive strength and bending strength is increased. (6) S.A(2016) marshal stability was conducted for different percentage of bitumen on ordinary aggregate and plastic coated aggregate. Plastic coated aggregate improved water absorption, stripping value and soundness. When used for road construction it can withstand higher temperature. (7) Rajput (2016) in this study the shredded plastic waste id mixed. In hot aggregate and the plastic modified mix is prepared using 6,8,10,12 and 14% plastic by weight of bitumen. The results by increasing the percentage of waste plastic in to the mix the marshal stability value is increased, and maximum stability is found for the mix containing 12% plastic by weight of the bitumen, at 14% plastic content the stability value has decreased. (8) 3. Use of rubber in bituminous mixes Baraiya (2013) The addition of rubber aggregate in bituminousmix decreasesthe quantity of stone aggregateby volume and increases the flexibility and flexural strength of the carpet layer of the highways. Aggregate is the granular material used in bitumen concrete mixtures,whichmakesup 90 to 95 percent of mixture weight and provide most of the load bearing characteristics of the mix. Due to which the quantity of aggregate is gradually decreasingwhichwillneed the alternative material as aggregate for the highway construction. (9) Chhabra(2014) The waste Tyres can be used as well sized aggregate in the various bituminous mixes if it is cut in the form of aggregate and can be called asrubber aggregate.This not only minimizes the pollution occurred due to waste Tyres but also minimizes the use of conventional aggregate which is available in exhaustible quantity. (10) Onyango (2015) Crumb rubber of sieve fraction 2.36 mm was used to substitute a fraction of the fine mineral aggregatesof similar sieve size (2.36 mm) so that the overall grading wasmaintained. Proportions of 0%, 1%2%, 3%,4% and 5% of crumb rubber by weight of the aggregates were used in the asphalt mix and desired plastic to asphalt ratio was added from 2-10% by weight of bitumen. At the result highest flow values are exhibited by 5% crumb rubber and 10% LDPE content (11) Kumar k& Rajakumara (2016) By Adding 0-4% Crumb rubber in bitumen specific gravity, softening point, flash & fire point are increasing and ductility, penetration are decreasing. But up to 1% addition of crumb rubber obtain value are within the limit. Stability and flow of bitumen mix are within the limit up to 1% of crumb rubber. By replacing 5% aggregate of size passing 19mm & retained on 13.2mm by rubber aggregate obtained Marshall Stability and flow value are within optimum limit. (12) Kshirsagar& Deshmukh (2017) Penetration value test result shows that Penetration value decreased with the increased amount of the rubber waste added. Lower Penetration thereby making a harder grade of asphalt,giving additional strength to the road and reduces water damage. The biggest advantage of using rubberized bitumen is that the road life increases in comparison to the normal bitumen whereas the cost increase on the road. (13)
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 594 4. Use of waste plastic and rubber in bituminous mixes Barad (2015) the mix polymer coated aggregate and tyre modified bitumen have shown higher strength by using plastic in bitumen moisture absorption id decreasing than without plastic coating and the polymer coating reduces the voids. And also better binding property, higher softening point; without high temp. (14) Somani (2016) state that addition of 4 to 8% waste plastic and 2 to 12% waste rubber for the preparation of modified bitumen. The result 8% plastic and 12% crumb rubber is blended in the mix the marshal stability value increasing as compared to the conventional mix. (15) Islam (2016) From the present investigation it is concluded that the specimen prepared by using 2% waste plastic and 2% waste rubber as modifying agent, optimum bitumen content becomes minimum and stability becomesmaximum. These results also indicated that the waste modified bituminous mix is much stronger (61%) than that of conventional mix. Marshal Quotient (MQ) increased by 52% compared to that of conventional mix. Thus it meant that asphalt concrete having higher MQ values indicated a high stiffness mix with a greater ability to spread the appliedload and the pavement being more resistance to pavement deformation. (16) Bansal (2017) Variousmaterialswhich become waste,after their service life, like rubber tyres and plastic bottlesmay be utilized as partial replacement in bituminous concrete mix, which can help in satisfying the increasing bitumen demand in the road construction. Research findings of the study indicate that use of rubber tyres and waste plastic bottles improves the strength and overall durability oftheBCmixby increasing its overall performance manifold. Therefore with application of these waste materialsin the fixedproportions, targeted characteristics of BC can be achieved. (17) 5. Use of fly ash as a filler in bituminous mixes Kar (2014) in this paper observed that the value of retained stability for mixes prepared with cement as filler offers highest retained stability value followedbystonedustandfly ash filler. However; the variations are so small to be considered significant and all the mixes satisfy theminimum retained stability value requirement. (18) Kumar & Kumar Chhotu (2014) fly ash was used as filler material replaced by stone dust at different percentage (0%,50% and 100%). The results stability is increase but flow values tended to decrease. This indicates Improvement in the resistance to permanent deformation of mixes with addition of fly ash in bitumen. (19) Mistry& Kumar roy(2016) by using fly ash as alternative filler in hot mix asphalt. Fly ash addition of 2,4,6 and 8% according toobtained marshal parameters,theadditionoffly ash up to 4% in DBM(dense bituminous macadam ) mix. By replacing conventional mineral filler like hydrated lime shows a 7.5% reduction in OBC (optimum bitumen content) compared to the control mix. Fly ash generally dumped may be used as replacement of common filler to support global sustainability. (20) 6. Conclusion By using waste plastic stability is increased and also reducesporosity& absorption of moisture andimproves property. Plastic coating over aggregate compressive strength, binding strength and life road increased and improve soundness. It can withstand higher temperature. The addition of rubber aggregates in bituminousmixthe quantity of stone aggregate by volume and increase the flexibility and flexural strength. This not only minimizes the pollution occurred due to waste tyre but also minimizes the use of conventional aggregate. By add crumb rubber in bitumen specific gravity, softening point, flesh& fire are increasing and ductility, penetration are decreasing. By using waste plastic and waste rubber as modifying agent, optimum bitumen contentbecomesminimumand stability becomes maximum. These result also indicate that the waste modified bituminous mix is much stronger than the of conventional mix. MarshallStability is also increased. Fly ash was used as filler material replaced by stone dust. The results stability maybe increase but flow values stended to decrease. Fly ash generally dumped maybe used as replacement of common filler to support global sustainability. 7. Reference 1- Prasad K. V. R et al. “ Study on Utilization of Waste Plastic in Bituminous Mixes for Road Construction” (Proceeding of the International Conference on Futuristic Innovations & Development in Civil Engineering , International Conference on Futuristic Innovations & Development in Civil Engineering, Bangalore, Karnatak, India,18-20April.2013,pp.198-203
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 595 2- Soni Kapil & Punjabi K.K “Improving the Performance of Bituminous Concrete Mix by Waste Plastic” (International Journal of Engineering Research and Application) vol.3,pp.863-868 3- Santosh Yadav et al. “Performance Evaluation of Waste Plastic and Bitumen Concrete mix in Flexible Pavements”( International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research), Volume 4, Issue 10, October- 2013, pp398-406 4- Kazami Sukaina & Govardhana Rao Dubasi “ Utilization of Waste Plastic Material as Bitumen – Blends for Road Construction in Oman “ (ScholarsJournal of Engineering and Technology) ( 2015: 3(1A):9-13,ISSN 2321 -435X , PP.9-13 5- Soyal Pradeep “ Use of Waste Polythene in Bituminous Concrete Mixes “(International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology) ( vol.2 , PP.1114-1116 , 7 oct 2015) 6- Rokdey Shweta N et al. “Use of Plastic Waste in Road Construction “ (International conference on Quality Up- gradation in Engineering Science and Technology ), pp27-29 7- S.A.Dawale” Use of Waste Plastic Coated Aggregate in Bituminous Road Construction “(InternationalJournalof Advancement in Engineering Technology Management and Applied Science) ( vol.3 , PP.118-126 , 6 june 2016) 8- Rajput Pratiksha Singh & Yadav R. K “Use of Plastic Waste in BituminousRoad Construction” (International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering)(vol.2,pp. 509-513 , 10 April 2016 9- Baraiya Niraj D “Use of Waste Rubber Tyres in Construction of Bituminous Road – An Overview”( International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management), vol.2, pp.108-110,7july 2013 10- Chhabra Rishi Singh & Marik Supriya “A Review Literature On The Use Of Waste Plastics And Waste Rubber Tyres In Pavement”( International Journal Of Core Engineering & Management), Volume 1, Issue 1, April 2014, pp1-5 11- Onyango. F et al. “Effect of Rubber Tyre and Plastic Wastes Use in Asphalt Concrete Pavement” (International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering), Vol:9, No:11, 2015, pp1395-1399 12- Kumar k Nitish& Rajakumara Dr. H N “Study of Using Waste Rubber Tyres in Construction of Bituminous Road” (International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research), Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016, pp23-27 13- Deshmukh Nitu H & Kshirsagar Prof. D. Y “Utilization of Rubber Waste in Construction of Flexible Pavement”( International Journal of Advance Research and Development), vol2, 2017, pp 70-77 14- Barad MR. Mahesh M “Use of Plastic in BituminousRoad Construction “ (Journal of Information, Knowledge and Research in Civil Engineering), vol 3, pp.208-212,14nov to 15 oct 15- Somani Parakash, “ Strengthen of Flexible Pavement by Using Waste Plastic and Rubber “ (International Journal of Civil Engineering) ( vol.3 , PP. 246-250 , 5 may 2016) 16- Islam Sk Sohel et al. “Role of Waste Plastic and Waste Rubber on Dense BituminousMacadam LayerofFlexible Pavement” (International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 4, April-2016, pp77-82 17- Bansal Shubham et al. “Evaluation of modified bituminous concrete mix developed using rubber and plastic waste materials”( International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment), 31 July 2017, pp1-7 18- Kar Debashish et al. “ Influence of Fly Ash as a Filler in Bituminous Mixes”(ARPN Journal of Engineering and applied sciences ), vol.9, 6june 2014, pp895-900 19- Kumar Ajoy& Kumar Chhotu Anil “ Experimental Investigation of BituminousMixesUsing FlyAsh asFiller Material “ (Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology) (pp.4-6 , vol.1 , 6 aug 2016) 20- Misty Raja& Kumar Roy tapas “ Effect of Using Fly Ashas Alternative Filler in Hot Mix Asphalt “ (IndianInstituteof Engineering Science and Technology) pp. 307-309 , 27 april 2016
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