The document discusses the use of waste plastic bags as an additive in bituminous concrete mixes to improve performance in cold weather environments. It reviews previous studies that found mixes with 6-10% waste plastic had higher stability and strength compared to conventional mixes. The document then outlines the materials and methodology used in the current study. Tests were conducted on control mixes and those with 6% and 7% waste plastic bags added. The results showed mixes with 6% waste plastic bags had greater durability and strength after freezing/thawing cycles compared to control mixes and mixes with anti-stripping chemicals. Therefore, adding 6% waste plastic bags can improve the strength of bituminous concrete mixes in cold weather conditions.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MIXES CONTAINING WASTE PLASTIC WASTE AS AN A...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on bituminous mixes containing waste plastic bags as an additive. The study aimed to improve the performance of bitumen mixes in cold weather conditions. Several tests were conducted as per the Marshall Method of mix design. The results showed that mixes containing 7% waste plastic bags exhibited higher stability, durability and strength compared to control mixes and mixes with anti-stripping chemicals alone. The 7% waste plastic mix also performed better after repeated freeze-thaw cycles, maintaining over 85% of its original strength. Therefore, modification of mixtures by addition of 7% waste plastic bags can improve strength properties required for cold weather performance.
IRJET- Use of Plastic Coated Aggregates in Road ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses using plastic-coated aggregates in road construction as a way to reuse plastic waste. Researchers developed a technique where stone aggregates were coated with molten plastics. The plastic-coated aggregates showed better binding properties when used in asphalt mixes. Samples using plastic-coated aggregates had higher Marshall Stability values, less voids, and less wetting properties. Roads constructed using plastic-coated aggregates are performing well. The document concludes that using plastic-coated aggregates can help reduce potholes and extend the lifespan of roads while providing an environmentally friendly way to reuse plastic waste.
IRJET-A Study on the Properties of Bitumen & Aggregate by Replacing Waste Tyr...IRJET Journal
The document discusses replacing bitumen and aggregate used in road pavement construction with waste tire rubber in various percentages. It first provides background on the large and growing quantities of waste tires generated annually and the various environmental issues caused by stockpiling and dumping tires. The study then examines previous research on using waste tire rubber in road construction. It outlines the methodology used, which involves cutting tire rubber into aggregate sizes and mixing it with bitumen and stone aggregate at various percentages. Various tests are conducted on the mixtures to analyze properties. The advantages discussed are increased strength and drainage of the road pavement while providing an economic use for the waste tires and reducing related environmental hazards.
"Study Of Bituminous Concrete Using Polymers And Varoius Types Of Additives ”IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using polymers and additives in bituminous concrete. The study found that:
1) Stability values for bituminous concrete grade 1 increased with the replacement of optimum binder content up to 8% waste plastic but decreased with more plastic.
2) Stability values increased 12% for grade 1 mix with the replacement of 5% optimum binder content with 12% discarded tire tubes.
3) The optimum binder content of polymer modified bitumen used in grade 1 concrete was 5.2%. Replacement of optimum binder content with 12% discarded tire tubes produced the highest stability value of different materials tested.
The document recommends further research on performance testing
IRJET - Uses of Various Plastic Materials in Bitumious Concrete (Flexible Pav...IRJET Journal
The document discusses using various plastic materials in bituminous concrete or flexible pavement. Waste plastics like polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene are shredded and coated on aggregates which are then mixed with hot bitumen to create a mix used in pavement construction. This strengthens the pavement and increases durability while providing an eco-friendly and economical solution to plastic disposal. The paper reviews literature on previous studies of polymer-modified bitumen and use of waste plastics in roads. It also describes aggregate tests and a process using a central mixing plant to uniformly coat aggregates with plastic and bitumen.
Using Waste Plastic And Rubber In Asphalt Flexible PavementIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using waste plastic and rubber in asphalt flexible pavement. The authors conducted various tests on control asphalt mixes and mixes modified with plastic and rubber waste. They found that adding 0.5-1% plastic and rubber improved properties like los angeles abrasion value, tensile strength and reduced pattern depth compared to conventional mixes. This suggests good compatibility of the waste materials in the asphalt blend and reduced vulnerability to moisture, potentially improving service life of the pavement. The experimental work involved Marshall stability testing on control and modified mixes.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Materials in Flexible Pavement ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on utilizing waste materials like plastics and tires in flexible pavement construction. The study examined replacing a portion of bitumen binder with waste plastic (PET) and waste rubber in bitumen mixes. The physical properties of mixes with 10-40% plastic and 10-40% rubber replacement were tested. Mixes with 30% equal replacement of plastic and rubber showed improved strength, binding, water resistance, and durability. Using waste materials reduced costs by up to 25% compared to conventional bitumen mixes. The research aims to provide an environmentally friendly way to dispose of plastic and tire waste while improving road quality and reducing construction costs.
IRJET-Review Paper on Use of Waste Plastic, Waste Rubber and Fly Ash in Bitum...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of waste plastic, waste rubber, and fly ash in bituminous mixes. Several studies have found that partially replacing conventional materials in road mixes with these wastes can improve the mechanical properties of the mixes, including stability, stiffness, density, and resistance to water. The waste materials also help reduce environmental pollution by providing eco-friendly disposal methods. Specifically, waste plastic and rubber can improve the binding properties when added to bitumen and aggregates. Addition of up to 4% plastic and 1% rubber was found to increase stability while meeting other specifications. Using these wastes also reduces usage of conventional materials and cuts pollution from their disposal.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MIXES CONTAINING WASTE PLASTIC WASTE AS AN A...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of an experimental study on bituminous mixes containing waste plastic bags as an additive. The study aimed to improve the performance of bitumen mixes in cold weather conditions. Several tests were conducted as per the Marshall Method of mix design. The results showed that mixes containing 7% waste plastic bags exhibited higher stability, durability and strength compared to control mixes and mixes with anti-stripping chemicals alone. The 7% waste plastic mix also performed better after repeated freeze-thaw cycles, maintaining over 85% of its original strength. Therefore, modification of mixtures by addition of 7% waste plastic bags can improve strength properties required for cold weather performance.
IRJET- Use of Plastic Coated Aggregates in Road ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses using plastic-coated aggregates in road construction as a way to reuse plastic waste. Researchers developed a technique where stone aggregates were coated with molten plastics. The plastic-coated aggregates showed better binding properties when used in asphalt mixes. Samples using plastic-coated aggregates had higher Marshall Stability values, less voids, and less wetting properties. Roads constructed using plastic-coated aggregates are performing well. The document concludes that using plastic-coated aggregates can help reduce potholes and extend the lifespan of roads while providing an environmentally friendly way to reuse plastic waste.
IRJET-A Study on the Properties of Bitumen & Aggregate by Replacing Waste Tyr...IRJET Journal
The document discusses replacing bitumen and aggregate used in road pavement construction with waste tire rubber in various percentages. It first provides background on the large and growing quantities of waste tires generated annually and the various environmental issues caused by stockpiling and dumping tires. The study then examines previous research on using waste tire rubber in road construction. It outlines the methodology used, which involves cutting tire rubber into aggregate sizes and mixing it with bitumen and stone aggregate at various percentages. Various tests are conducted on the mixtures to analyze properties. The advantages discussed are increased strength and drainage of the road pavement while providing an economic use for the waste tires and reducing related environmental hazards.
"Study Of Bituminous Concrete Using Polymers And Varoius Types Of Additives ”IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using polymers and additives in bituminous concrete. The study found that:
1) Stability values for bituminous concrete grade 1 increased with the replacement of optimum binder content up to 8% waste plastic but decreased with more plastic.
2) Stability values increased 12% for grade 1 mix with the replacement of 5% optimum binder content with 12% discarded tire tubes.
3) The optimum binder content of polymer modified bitumen used in grade 1 concrete was 5.2%. Replacement of optimum binder content with 12% discarded tire tubes produced the highest stability value of different materials tested.
The document recommends further research on performance testing
IRJET - Uses of Various Plastic Materials in Bitumious Concrete (Flexible Pav...IRJET Journal
The document discusses using various plastic materials in bituminous concrete or flexible pavement. Waste plastics like polyethylene, polystyrene, and polypropylene are shredded and coated on aggregates which are then mixed with hot bitumen to create a mix used in pavement construction. This strengthens the pavement and increases durability while providing an eco-friendly and economical solution to plastic disposal. The paper reviews literature on previous studies of polymer-modified bitumen and use of waste plastics in roads. It also describes aggregate tests and a process using a central mixing plant to uniformly coat aggregates with plastic and bitumen.
Using Waste Plastic And Rubber In Asphalt Flexible PavementIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using waste plastic and rubber in asphalt flexible pavement. The authors conducted various tests on control asphalt mixes and mixes modified with plastic and rubber waste. They found that adding 0.5-1% plastic and rubber improved properties like los angeles abrasion value, tensile strength and reduced pattern depth compared to conventional mixes. This suggests good compatibility of the waste materials in the asphalt blend and reduced vulnerability to moisture, potentially improving service life of the pavement. The experimental work involved Marshall stability testing on control and modified mixes.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Materials in Flexible Pavement ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on utilizing waste materials like plastics and tires in flexible pavement construction. The study examined replacing a portion of bitumen binder with waste plastic (PET) and waste rubber in bitumen mixes. The physical properties of mixes with 10-40% plastic and 10-40% rubber replacement were tested. Mixes with 30% equal replacement of plastic and rubber showed improved strength, binding, water resistance, and durability. Using waste materials reduced costs by up to 25% compared to conventional bitumen mixes. The research aims to provide an environmentally friendly way to dispose of plastic and tire waste while improving road quality and reducing construction costs.
IRJET-Review Paper on Use of Waste Plastic, Waste Rubber and Fly Ash in Bitum...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of waste plastic, waste rubber, and fly ash in bituminous mixes. Several studies have found that partially replacing conventional materials in road mixes with these wastes can improve the mechanical properties of the mixes, including stability, stiffness, density, and resistance to water. The waste materials also help reduce environmental pollution by providing eco-friendly disposal methods. Specifically, waste plastic and rubber can improve the binding properties when added to bitumen and aggregates. Addition of up to 4% plastic and 1% rubber was found to increase stability while meeting other specifications. Using these wastes also reduces usage of conventional materials and cuts pollution from their disposal.
IRJET- Comparison in Strength of Pervious Concrete Block by using Natural...IRJET Journal
This document compares the strength of pervious concrete blocks made with natural aggregates and plastic-coated aggregates. Tests were conducted on the aggregates and on concrete cubes made with each type of aggregate. The tests found that properties of the plastic-coated aggregates were similar to the natural aggregates. Compressive strength of cubes made with plastic-coated aggregates was slightly lower than those made with natural aggregates. In conclusion, plastic-coated aggregates can be used to make pervious concrete with only a small reduction in strength compared to natural aggregates.
Evaluation of Design Mix Bituminous Concrete using Plastic Waste in Road Pave...ijtsrd
This document summarizes a research study that evaluated the use of plastic waste in bituminous concrete road pavement mixes. The study tested different mixtures with varying amounts of plastic waste added to the bitumen. Key findings were that plastic waste addition up to 5% increased Marshall stability values, indicating improved strength. Above 5% plastic, stability decreased. The document concludes that using coarser aggregate gradations and up to 5% plastic waste can help address issues of permanent deformation in high temperature conditions common in India. Incorporating plastic waste in road pavement provides benefits for plastic waste management and road performance.
Replacement of artificial sand and recycled aggregate by using of crumb and s...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that studied replacing natural sand and recycled aggregate with artificial sand and recycled aggregate containing crumb and shredded rubber in concrete. It provided background on the large amounts of construction and demolition waste generated annually and the need to reuse this material. The objectives of the study were to reuse waste materials and evaluate the advantages of using crumb rubber in concrete, including possible replacement percentages of rubber to achieve design strength while reducing costs. The methodology involved determining the physical and mechanical properties of the materials, designing mixes to achieve M25 grade concrete, and testing the fresh and hardened concrete properties like slump, compressive strength and flexural strength.
To Study the Behavior of Fresh and Hardened Concrete by Using Waste Rubber as...ijtsrd
This report presents a study on the effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregates by rubber tyre aggregates on the property of concrete. Utilizing the waste rubber tyers in the form of aggregates as reinforcement in the concrete solve the problem of disposing the waste and increase the flexural strength of concrete. Different tests were conducted on the concrete with varying percentage of rubber tyre aggregates and comparing those results with normal concrete. Data presented includes workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure tensile strength and flexibility. This report describes an experimental study on mixing rubber aggregates with concrete at different mixing ratios (0, 5, 10, and 15) % by weight of coarse aggregates. The tests conducted were workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure tensile strength. Though there is decrease in compressive strength, workability, split tensile strength, flexural strength and flexibility get increased. Taweel Awzal | Masoom Raza"To Study the Behavior of Fresh and Hardened Concrete by Using Waste Rubber as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2411.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2411/to-study-the-behavior-of-fresh-and-hardened-concrete-by-using-waste-rubber-as-partial-replacement-of-coarse-aggregates/taweel-awzal
Review Paper on Experimental Study on the use of Modified Bitumen using E Was...ijtsrd
On the greater part of streets, ordinary bitumen performs agreeably. In any case, high activity power, expanding hub load and day by day and regular varieties in temperature of the asphalt prompt an early improvement of misery side effects like raveling, rutting, undulations, breaking, dying, and potholing of bituminous surfaces. Subsequently the heap bearing limits of the street is to be expanded. Adaptable asphalts bitumen streets involve the significant segment of all surfaced streets. In India, it is evaluated that more than 33 need kilometers of street exists and out of which of which around half is surfaced. Street transport has obtained prevailing position among the different methods of transportation framework because of its adaptability, way to entryway administration, unwavering quality and speed. In India, street transport conveys near 90 of traveler movement and 70 of cargo transport. In India, dominant part of the asphalts is bituminous since they expend lesser beginning cost when contrasted and inflexible asphalts i.e. bond solid asphalts. Examinations in India and nations abroad have uncovered that properties of bitumen and bituminous blends can be enhanced to meet prerequisites of asphalt with the consolidation of specific added substances or mix of added substances. These added substances are called Bitumen Modifiers and the bitumen premixed with these modifiers is known as altered bitumen. Adjusted bitumen is relied upon to give higher existence of surfacing up to 100 contingent on level of alteration and sort of added substances and change process utilized. Distinctive sorts of modifiers utilized are Polymers, Normal Elastic and Morsel Elastic. Manjay Kumar Singh | Pratiksha Malviya ""Review Paper on Experimental Study on the use of Modified Bitumen using E-Waste as a Partial Replacement of Aggregate"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22864.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/22864/review-paper-on-experimental-study-on-the-use-of-modified-bitumen-using-e-waste-as-a-partial-replacement-of-aggregate/manjay-kumar-singh
IRJET- Tyre Rubber Powder as a Soil StabilizerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the use of tire rubber powder as a soil stabilizer. The study investigated how adding different percentages of crumb rubber powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) impacted the shear strength and bearing capacity of black cotton soil. Tests were conducted to determine the effect on properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results showed that 10% crumb rubber powder increased the CBR value and shear strength the most. Above 10% crumb rubber, the soil strength started to decrease. Therefore, the study concluded that 10% crumb rubber powder provides an effective and economical means to stabilize expansive black cotton soil.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic in Flexible PavementsIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing waste plastic in flexible pavements. Plastic is a major pollutant when burned and its use can help solve disposal problems. The study involves partially replacing bitumen used in bituminous mixes with shredded waste plastic pieces. This is intended to improve mix properties and pavement life while reducing pollution. The methodology describes preparing control and modified mixes using 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% plastic replacement. The mixes are tested using the Marshall stability test to evaluate the effects of plastic inclusion. Results will help determine the optimal plastic content for strength and durability gains in bituminous pavements.
Experimental Study on Concrete Utilizing Waste Tyre Rubber as an AggregateIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on utilizing waste tire rubber as an aggregate in concrete. Cubes, cylinders, and beams were cast with shredded rubber crumbs replacing 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of fine aggregate by weight. The samples were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days to analyze the impact on compressive strength, split tensile strength, slump, and compare to control specimens. The results showed workability decreased as rubber content increased. Compressive strength was also reduced but flexural strength saw some improvement at early ages with up to 6% rubber content replacement. The study aims to provide an environmentally friendly way of reusing waste tire rubber in concrete construction.
IRJET- Laboratory Evaluation of Usage of Crumb Rubber & Plastic Wastes in Asp...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using crumb rubber and plastic wastes in asphalt concrete pavement. The study involved:
1) Testing the physical properties of bitumen, aggregates, and bitumen modified with crumb rubber.
2) Preparing semi-dense bituminous concrete mixes using the Marshall method with varying percentages of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and crumb rubber added to 60/70 grade bitumen.
3) Evaluating the mix design characteristics such as Marshall stability, flow value, density, air voids, and voids filled with bitumen.
The results showed that with the addition of LDPE and crumb rubber, the Marshall stability values and densities of the mixes
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic as an Effective Construction Material in ...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses utilizing waste plastic as an effective construction material in flexible pavement. Laboratory tests were conducted on aggregates, bitumen, and bitumen-aggregate mixes with varying percentages of added plastic waste.
2) The results showed that adding plastic waste to aggregates and bitumen improved their properties. Aggregate impact value and loss Angeles abrasion value decreased with increased plastic content. Bitumen softening point, penetration value, and ductility increased, while marshal stability of mixes initially increased up to 10% plastic then decreased.
3) The study concluded that using up to 10% waste plastic in flexible pavements provided benefits over conventional pavements, offering an eco-friendly way to reduce plastic waste.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Behaviour of Rubberized ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the behavior of rubberized concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with varying percentages (5-20%) of crumb rubber as a replacement for coarse aggregates. Additional mixtures included 2.5-7.5% silica fume replacement of cement. A total of 45 cubes, 45 cylinders, 30 prisms, and 15 impact test specimens were cast and tested at 7 and 28 days. Test results showed reductions in compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths with increased rubber content, with 5% rubber replacement showing the best results. Adding 5% silica fume to 5% rubber concrete improved compressive strength by 10% compared to conventional concrete. The study concluded rubber concrete has potential applications
IRJET- Effect of Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate b...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using scrap tire rubber to partially replace aggregates in concrete. It reviews studies that investigated the effect on properties like workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The main findings are:
1) Workability decreases as the percentage of rubber increases due to its non-polar nature, but can be improved with superplasticizers.
2) Compressive, tensile and flexural strengths all generally decrease as the percentage of rubber replacement increases, due to weak bonding between rubber and cement paste.
3) Pretreatment methods like using NaOH can improve the bonding and lead to higher strengths in some cases.
4) Rubber concrete may be
Uses of Plastic Waste in Road Construction in MaiduguriIJMREMJournal
This study investigated the use of plastic waste to modify the properties of road aggregates in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Tests were conducted on plain aggregates and aggregates coated with different percentages of plastic waste. The following conclusions were drawn:
1) Aggregate impact value and crushing value decreased significantly for polymer-coated aggregates compared to conventional aggregates without polymer.
2) Specific gravity values decreased slightly with increasing polymer content in the aggregates.
3) Performance of the aggregates was improved with the addition of waste polymer, as indicated by the test results. Further research should explore different polymer inclusion levels in aggregate coating designs.
IRJET - A Review on Green Blocks and Strips using Plastic MudIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of plastic waste and sand to manufacture blocks and strips for construction. It notes that plastic waste disposal is a major environmental challenge in India. An experiment was conducted to create blocks from plastic waste, sand and water instead of cement, aggregates and water. The blocks were found to have increased strength from the addition of plastic to sand. Using plastic and sand mixtures can produce decorative materials, blocks, strips, tiles and other construction materials in an eco-friendly way while reducing landfill waste. The document outlines the objectives, need, methodology and literature review on this topic. In conclusion, the analysis found that plastic waste can be used to manufacture blocks mixed with sand for construction purposes as a cost-effective and environmentally
IRJET- Effect of Manufacturing Sand on Durability of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of manufacturing sand on the durability of concrete. Concrete mixtures of M20 and M40 grade were produced by replacing natural sand with 0%, 50%, 70%, and 100% manufacturing sand. Various tests were performed to determine the hardened properties and durability of the concrete mixtures. The compressive strength of the concrete mixtures was tested at curing ages of 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that 100% replacement of natural sand with manufacturing sand increased the 28-day compressive strength of M20 grade concrete by over 30%. For M40 grade concrete, 50% replacement of natural sand with manufacturing sand increased the compressive strength at all ages compared to the control mixture. In
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Experimental Investigation of Crumb Rubber ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document reviews previous experimental work on crumb rubber concrete. It summarizes several studies that investigated replacing natural aggregates or mixtures with crumb rubber. The studies found that compressive strength generally decreased as crumb rubber content increased but durability properties like resistance to freezing/thawing and sulfate attack improved. Some studies found that pretreating the crumb rubber with chemicals or coatings could minimize strength reductions. Replacing up to 20% of fine aggregates or 5% of total mixtures with crumb rubber produced acceptable strength properties for some applications while improving sustainability by using waste tire material.
IRJET- Utilization of Glass Fibers in Concrete: A ReviewIRJET Journal
The document reviews research on utilizing glass fibers in concrete to improve its mechanical properties and durability. Several studies are summarized that tested adding different percentages of glass fibers from 0-1.6% by weight of cement to concrete mixtures. The results showed improvements in properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and resistance to cracking, corrosion, and fire. Specifically, adding 1.2% glass fibers increased compressive strength by 17.36% and flexural strength by 35% compared to plain concrete. The review concludes that incorporating small amounts of glass fibers is an effective way to enhance the performance of concrete.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Stabilization of Soil using Plastic Waste as an ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on stabilizing soil using plastic waste as an additive. It discusses how soil stabilization techniques aim to improve soil properties like bearing capacity and shear strength, but traditional methods can be costly and environmentally hazardous. The paper reviews research showing plastic waste can effectively stabilize soil in a cheaper and greener way. Studies demonstrate plastic strips and chips increase soil strength and reduce compressibility when mixed in at optimal percentages. The conclusion is that adding high density polyethylene plastic to soil enhances its engineering properties and provides an economic, eco-friendly solution for reusing plastic waste while improving soil for construction applications like pavements and foundations.
Comparative Study of Concrete by Using Glass Powder and Coconut Shell Ash by ...IRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study on the use of glass powder and coconut shell ash as partial replacements for cement in concrete. More than 108 concrete specimens were prepared with 0-12.5% replacements to study the effect on properties. Testing showed compressive strength initially increased up to a 10% replacement before decreasing, while split tensile and flexural strengths increased up to a 7.5% replacement. The study concluded coconut shell ash and glass powder can partially replace cement at 10% for compressive strength and 7.5% for other properties to provide an eco-friendly and sustainable use of waste materials in concrete construction.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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To Study the Behavior of Fresh and Hardened Concrete by Using Waste Rubber as...ijtsrd
This report presents a study on the effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregates by rubber tyre aggregates on the property of concrete. Utilizing the waste rubber tyers in the form of aggregates as reinforcement in the concrete solve the problem of disposing the waste and increase the flexural strength of concrete. Different tests were conducted on the concrete with varying percentage of rubber tyre aggregates and comparing those results with normal concrete. Data presented includes workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure tensile strength and flexibility. This report describes an experimental study on mixing rubber aggregates with concrete at different mixing ratios (0, 5, 10, and 15) % by weight of coarse aggregates. The tests conducted were workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexure tensile strength. Though there is decrease in compressive strength, workability, split tensile strength, flexural strength and flexibility get increased. Taweel Awzal | Masoom Raza"To Study the Behavior of Fresh and Hardened Concrete by Using Waste Rubber as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2411.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/2411/to-study-the-behavior-of-fresh-and-hardened-concrete-by-using-waste-rubber-as-partial-replacement-of-coarse-aggregates/taweel-awzal
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On the greater part of streets, ordinary bitumen performs agreeably. In any case, high activity power, expanding hub load and day by day and regular varieties in temperature of the asphalt prompt an early improvement of misery side effects like raveling, rutting, undulations, breaking, dying, and potholing of bituminous surfaces. Subsequently the heap bearing limits of the street is to be expanded. Adaptable asphalts bitumen streets involve the significant segment of all surfaced streets. In India, it is evaluated that more than 33 need kilometers of street exists and out of which of which around half is surfaced. Street transport has obtained prevailing position among the different methods of transportation framework because of its adaptability, way to entryway administration, unwavering quality and speed. In India, street transport conveys near 90 of traveler movement and 70 of cargo transport. In India, dominant part of the asphalts is bituminous since they expend lesser beginning cost when contrasted and inflexible asphalts i.e. bond solid asphalts. Examinations in India and nations abroad have uncovered that properties of bitumen and bituminous blends can be enhanced to meet prerequisites of asphalt with the consolidation of specific added substances or mix of added substances. These added substances are called Bitumen Modifiers and the bitumen premixed with these modifiers is known as altered bitumen. Adjusted bitumen is relied upon to give higher existence of surfacing up to 100 contingent on level of alteration and sort of added substances and change process utilized. Distinctive sorts of modifiers utilized are Polymers, Normal Elastic and Morsel Elastic. Manjay Kumar Singh | Pratiksha Malviya ""Review Paper on Experimental Study on the use of Modified Bitumen using E-Waste as a Partial Replacement of Aggregate"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22864.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/22864/review-paper-on-experimental-study-on-the-use-of-modified-bitumen-using-e-waste-as-a-partial-replacement-of-aggregate/manjay-kumar-singh
IRJET- Tyre Rubber Powder as a Soil StabilizerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the use of tire rubber powder as a soil stabilizer. The study investigated how adding different percentages of crumb rubber powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) impacted the shear strength and bearing capacity of black cotton soil. Tests were conducted to determine the effect on properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results showed that 10% crumb rubber powder increased the CBR value and shear strength the most. Above 10% crumb rubber, the soil strength started to decrease. Therefore, the study concluded that 10% crumb rubber powder provides an effective and economical means to stabilize expansive black cotton soil.
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic in Flexible PavementsIRJET Journal
This document discusses utilizing waste plastic in flexible pavements. Plastic is a major pollutant when burned and its use can help solve disposal problems. The study involves partially replacing bitumen used in bituminous mixes with shredded waste plastic pieces. This is intended to improve mix properties and pavement life while reducing pollution. The methodology describes preparing control and modified mixes using 0%, 5%, 7%, and 10% plastic replacement. The mixes are tested using the Marshall stability test to evaluate the effects of plastic inclusion. Results will help determine the optimal plastic content for strength and durability gains in bituminous pavements.
Experimental Study on Concrete Utilizing Waste Tyre Rubber as an AggregateIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on utilizing waste tire rubber as an aggregate in concrete. Cubes, cylinders, and beams were cast with shredded rubber crumbs replacing 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of fine aggregate by weight. The samples were tested at 3, 7, and 28 days to analyze the impact on compressive strength, split tensile strength, slump, and compare to control specimens. The results showed workability decreased as rubber content increased. Compressive strength was also reduced but flexural strength saw some improvement at early ages with up to 6% rubber content replacement. The study aims to provide an environmentally friendly way of reusing waste tire rubber in concrete construction.
IRJET- Laboratory Evaluation of Usage of Crumb Rubber & Plastic Wastes in Asp...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using crumb rubber and plastic wastes in asphalt concrete pavement. The study involved:
1) Testing the physical properties of bitumen, aggregates, and bitumen modified with crumb rubber.
2) Preparing semi-dense bituminous concrete mixes using the Marshall method with varying percentages of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and crumb rubber added to 60/70 grade bitumen.
3) Evaluating the mix design characteristics such as Marshall stability, flow value, density, air voids, and voids filled with bitumen.
The results showed that with the addition of LDPE and crumb rubber, the Marshall stability values and densities of the mixes
IRJET- Utilization of Waste Plastic as an Effective Construction Material in ...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses utilizing waste plastic as an effective construction material in flexible pavement. Laboratory tests were conducted on aggregates, bitumen, and bitumen-aggregate mixes with varying percentages of added plastic waste.
2) The results showed that adding plastic waste to aggregates and bitumen improved their properties. Aggregate impact value and loss Angeles abrasion value decreased with increased plastic content. Bitumen softening point, penetration value, and ductility increased, while marshal stability of mixes initially increased up to 10% plastic then decreased.
3) The study concluded that using up to 10% waste plastic in flexible pavements provided benefits over conventional pavements, offering an eco-friendly way to reduce plastic waste.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Behaviour of Rubberized ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the behavior of rubberized concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with varying percentages (5-20%) of crumb rubber as a replacement for coarse aggregates. Additional mixtures included 2.5-7.5% silica fume replacement of cement. A total of 45 cubes, 45 cylinders, 30 prisms, and 15 impact test specimens were cast and tested at 7 and 28 days. Test results showed reductions in compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths with increased rubber content, with 5% rubber replacement showing the best results. Adding 5% silica fume to 5% rubber concrete improved compressive strength by 10% compared to conventional concrete. The study concluded rubber concrete has potential applications
IRJET- Effect of Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate and Fine Aggregate b...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using scrap tire rubber to partially replace aggregates in concrete. It reviews studies that investigated the effect on properties like workability, compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The main findings are:
1) Workability decreases as the percentage of rubber increases due to its non-polar nature, but can be improved with superplasticizers.
2) Compressive, tensile and flexural strengths all generally decrease as the percentage of rubber replacement increases, due to weak bonding between rubber and cement paste.
3) Pretreatment methods like using NaOH can improve the bonding and lead to higher strengths in some cases.
4) Rubber concrete may be
Uses of Plastic Waste in Road Construction in MaiduguriIJMREMJournal
This study investigated the use of plastic waste to modify the properties of road aggregates in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Tests were conducted on plain aggregates and aggregates coated with different percentages of plastic waste. The following conclusions were drawn:
1) Aggregate impact value and crushing value decreased significantly for polymer-coated aggregates compared to conventional aggregates without polymer.
2) Specific gravity values decreased slightly with increasing polymer content in the aggregates.
3) Performance of the aggregates was improved with the addition of waste polymer, as indicated by the test results. Further research should explore different polymer inclusion levels in aggregate coating designs.
IRJET - A Review on Green Blocks and Strips using Plastic MudIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of plastic waste and sand to manufacture blocks and strips for construction. It notes that plastic waste disposal is a major environmental challenge in India. An experiment was conducted to create blocks from plastic waste, sand and water instead of cement, aggregates and water. The blocks were found to have increased strength from the addition of plastic to sand. Using plastic and sand mixtures can produce decorative materials, blocks, strips, tiles and other construction materials in an eco-friendly way while reducing landfill waste. The document outlines the objectives, need, methodology and literature review on this topic. In conclusion, the analysis found that plastic waste can be used to manufacture blocks mixed with sand for construction purposes as a cost-effective and environmentally
IRJET- Effect of Manufacturing Sand on Durability of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of manufacturing sand on the durability of concrete. Concrete mixtures of M20 and M40 grade were produced by replacing natural sand with 0%, 50%, 70%, and 100% manufacturing sand. Various tests were performed to determine the hardened properties and durability of the concrete mixtures. The compressive strength of the concrete mixtures was tested at curing ages of 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that 100% replacement of natural sand with manufacturing sand increased the 28-day compressive strength of M20 grade concrete by over 30%. For M40 grade concrete, 50% replacement of natural sand with manufacturing sand increased the compressive strength at all ages compared to the control mixture. In
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Experimental Investigation of Crumb Rubber ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document reviews previous experimental work on crumb rubber concrete. It summarizes several studies that investigated replacing natural aggregates or mixtures with crumb rubber. The studies found that compressive strength generally decreased as crumb rubber content increased but durability properties like resistance to freezing/thawing and sulfate attack improved. Some studies found that pretreating the crumb rubber with chemicals or coatings could minimize strength reductions. Replacing up to 20% of fine aggregates or 5% of total mixtures with crumb rubber produced acceptable strength properties for some applications while improving sustainability by using waste tire material.
IRJET- Utilization of Glass Fibers in Concrete: A ReviewIRJET Journal
The document reviews research on utilizing glass fibers in concrete to improve its mechanical properties and durability. Several studies are summarized that tested adding different percentages of glass fibers from 0-1.6% by weight of cement to concrete mixtures. The results showed improvements in properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and resistance to cracking, corrosion, and fire. Specifically, adding 1.2% glass fibers increased compressive strength by 17.36% and flexural strength by 35% compared to plain concrete. The review concludes that incorporating small amounts of glass fibers is an effective way to enhance the performance of concrete.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Stabilization of Soil using Plastic Waste as an ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on stabilizing soil using plastic waste as an additive. It discusses how soil stabilization techniques aim to improve soil properties like bearing capacity and shear strength, but traditional methods can be costly and environmentally hazardous. The paper reviews research showing plastic waste can effectively stabilize soil in a cheaper and greener way. Studies demonstrate plastic strips and chips increase soil strength and reduce compressibility when mixed in at optimal percentages. The conclusion is that adding high density polyethylene plastic to soil enhances its engineering properties and provides an economic, eco-friendly solution for reusing plastic waste while improving soil for construction applications like pavements and foundations.
Comparative Study of Concrete by Using Glass Powder and Coconut Shell Ash by ...IRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study on the use of glass powder and coconut shell ash as partial replacements for cement in concrete. More than 108 concrete specimens were prepared with 0-12.5% replacements to study the effect on properties. Testing showed compressive strength initially increased up to a 10% replacement before decreasing, while split tensile and flexural strengths increased up to a 7.5% replacement. The study concluded coconut shell ash and glass powder can partially replace cement at 10% for compressive strength and 7.5% for other properties to provide an eco-friendly and sustainable use of waste materials in concrete construction.
Similar to COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BITUMINOUS MIXES CONTAINING WASTE PLASTIC WASTE AS AN ADMIXTURE SUBJECTED TO COLD WEATHERED ENVIRONMENT (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.