IRJET-Mitigation of Harmonic Power Flow in Unbalanced and Polluted Radial Distribution System by using IEEE 13, 37 and 123 Test Bus System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2852
Mitigation of Harmonic Power Flow in Unbalanced and Polluted Radial
Distribution System by using IEEE 13, 37 and 123 Test Bus System
Sandhya Singh1 and Ashish Bhargava2
1Research Scholar Mtech
2Professor, Bhabha Bhopal
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Radial distribution systems (RDS) require special
load flow methods to solve power flow equations owing to
their high R/X ratio. Increasing use of power electronic
devices and effect of magnetic saturation cause harmonics in
RDS. This dissertation proposes a novel algorithm to compute
the power flow solution of a RDS accounting for all the
harmonic components. It uses a recursive solution technique.
The proposed method uses a novel dynamic data structure
reported in the paper. The proposed method is tested upon a
13, 37 and 123 bus system and the results are reported.
Key Words: Radial distribution system, Magnetic
saturation, Harmonics, Dynamic Data Structure.
1. INTRODUCTION
Investigation of dispersion frameworks utilizing power
stream is critical in the field of energy frameworks.
Dissemination frameworks are dominatingly described by
their high R/X proportion and spiral topology. Grid based
iterative strategies don't loan themselves for outspread
circulation frameworks attributable to these qualities.
Various calculations have been created utilizing basic
recursive conditions [1-3]. Quick industrialization has
prompted expanding utilization of energy electronicgadgets
in transmission and conveyance frameworks. Present day
modern and local buyers utilize a consistently expanding
number of gadgets that fundamentally utilize control
hardware-based power-conditioners. Utilization of AC
machines utilizing attractive circuits in the soaked district
likewise presents sounds in electric power frameworks.
Various power stream techniques have been accounted for
in writing that is intended to deal with sounds [4]. These
techniques at times address outspread conveyance
frameworks.
Load stream computation in consonant contaminated spiral
framework with dispersed age has been done utilizing
theoretical information writeswith complexparameters[5].
A various recurrence three-stage stack stream with two sub
models including the major power stream (FPF) and
consonant recurrence control stream (HPF) show has been
produced and the standard Fourier investigation was
utilized to manage the symphoniousburdens to get infusion
ebbs and flows [6]. Fluffy number-based technique for
consonant load-stream count including vulnerabilities has
been connected for interconnected framework [7].
From the over, one may see the requirement for an effective
calculation that dependably fathoms the power stream
conditions for outspread dissemination frameworks
portrayed by high R/X proportion, spiral topology and
consonant burdens. Vast circulation frameworks utilize
supervisory control and information obtaining (SCADA)
frameworksfor effective administration.SCADAframeworks
utilize control stream arrangements strategies to determine
the condition of the appropriation framework.
Dissemination Load Flow (DLF) additionally shapes a basic
piece of calculations that survey the cost and advantage of
transformer taps changes, change in static Var settings,
reconfiguration of the framework for different purposes
extending from stack adjusting, loadability upgrade,
appropriation misfortune minimization, and voltage profile
change among a few others. Existing strategies for
dispersion stack stream use look into tables as well as load
tables and additionally switch tables with the end goal of
framework portrayal. Reconfiguration and different
activities render the look into table-based portrayal plans
insufficient.
MATLAB approach has been connected for consonant load
stream investigation of a circulation framework [8]. This
paper proposesa dynamic information structure (DDS) that
stores data of a branch of a RDS to decide the transport
voltages and point of a specific load design for a given
request of sounds. This DDS is adjustment of the DDS
detailed in [9]. These DDS are taken care of as a connected
rundown speaking to the whole spiral dissemination
framework.
A pseudo code that creates the DDS for a RDS is exhibited. A
capacity is then built up that registers the voltages from the
farthermost wind up to the leader of the branch. This
capacity is gotten recursively to discover voltages at all
branches of the RDS from the farthermost branch up to the
branches exuding from the primary substation of the RDS. A
pseudo code for this recursive capacity is likewise
introduced. The subsequent DLF calculation is
computationally effective and can manage the topology
changes rapidly. The proposed technique permits
demonstrating of heaps of any kind, any number of
symphonious segments and outspread arrangement of any
design concerning transports and branches.1.2 Proposed
Harmonic Distribution Load Flow
Distribution power flow is presented in this section. It uses
the dynamic data structure proposed in Section 2. First the
line model of a generic line is presented with modelling for

harmonics. Then a recursive algorithm is presented. This is
followed by the flowchart of the proposed harmonic
distribution load flow.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The various literature associated to ‘mitigation of harmonic
power flow in unbalanced and polluted radial distribution
system by using IEEE 13, 37 and 123 test bus system’ has
been surveyed in various IEEE transactions, journals,
Conference papers and websites and also, their relationship
with present research work.
Bita Arabsalmanabadi [2017]: The main purpose of this
paper is the harmonic power flow in multiphase unbalanced
radial distribution systems in the presence of non-linear
loads and reactive components. It is important to have
analytical methodologies to assess the impact and
consequences of non-linear loads and shunt capacitors on
voltage profile and harmonic distortion in each bus in the
power systems. The presented power flow is entirely
different from conventional methodsappliedintransmission
power systems. The proposed method in this paper is based
on graph theory, and injection current technique.Astandard
test system, IEEE-13 busradial unbalanced,isconsideredfor
implementation and explanation of the method.Tocheckthe
accuracy and efficiency of the method, it is also tested on
IEEE 34, 37 & 123 bus test feeders. The comparison of
results approves robustness and reliability of the method.
MATLAB M-file is used to obtain results.
Bo Chen [2017]: In this paper, a sequential service
restoration (SSR) framework is proposed to generate
restoration solutions for distribution systems and
microgrids in the event of large-scale power outages. The
restoration solution contains a sequence of control actions
that properly coordinate switches, distributed generators,
and switchable loads to form multiple isolated microgrids.
Hamed Ahmadi [2016]: In this paper, a three-phase linear
power flow (3LPF) formulation is derived based on the fact
that in a typical distribution system, voltage angles and
magnitudes vary within relatively narrow boundaries.
Alireza Javadi [2016]: This paper contributes to
improvement of power quality for a modern single-phase
system and emphasis integration of a compensator with
energy storage capacity to ensure a sustainable supply.
Abner Suchite Remolino [2016]: In this paper is shown a
new version of this method, called LRSV(LemusRuizSuchite
Viramontes method). This method gets the nodal voltage
solutions faster than all FBS (forward/backward sweep)
existing methods until now. First is explained how LRV
method works, next is explained how arenumberingprocess
improve this method and make it suitable to analyse every
radial configuration.
Guangzheng Yu [2016]: A probabilistic method based on
2m+1PEM for PHPF has been proposed to evaluate the
distribution of harmonic when DGs accessing to grid. This
method takes into account the uncertainty including
amplitude of harmonic current injection source.
Alireza Javadi [2015]: This paper assists the energy
management and power quality issues related to electric
transportation and focuses on improving electric vehicles
loadsconnection to the grid. The control strategyisdesigned
to prevent current harmonic distortions of non-linear loads
to flow into the utility and corrects the power factor of this
later.
Ritam Misra [2015]: This paper studiesthe impact of PEVs
on harmonic distortions and integration of WGsto reduce it.
A harmonic decoupled power flow model is developed,
where PEVs and WGs are represented by harmonic current
loadsand sources, respectively. The developed modelisfirst
used to solve harmonic power flow on IEEE 34-node
distribution test feeder with low, moderate, and high
penetrations of PEVs, then its impact on total harmonic
distortions (THDs) is studied.
3. UNBALANCED RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Load stream investigation of Unbalanced RadialDistribution
System is of an incredible matter of arrangement, since
because of unbalancing of either 3-stage or 2-stage
framework the impact of shared impedance term will
emerge when we register the voltage of a transport.
Unbalance framework prompts common impedance as well
as connect with other framework likewise like a telephonic
framework, which promptsundesirableobstructionbetween
both the frameworks. We should consider a lopsided 3 stage
conveyance framework display and comprehend the ideas
and investigations it numerically. Fig. 3.1 presentationsa3-ø
line segment and the line parameters can be accomplished
by the procedure created via Carson and Lewis. A 4 × 4
lattice, which depict the couplingsimpacts of self andshared
impedances of the un-adjusted 3-ø line segment, can be
communicated as:
Fig. 3.1 Three Phase Line Section Model

4. IMPLEMENTED WORK
The following method is proposed to study the effectiveness
of mitigation of harmonic flow in unbalanced and polluted
radial system by using IEEE 13, 37 and 123 test bus system
which is built in MATLAB. Then, continuation power flow
analysis is performed on the system built by using MATLAB.
The bus type such as load bus, generator bus and slack bus
are specified by using quantities such as active power,
reactive power, voltage magnitude and load angle which is
specified in different buses and used to have an
understanding of the voltage stability of the system. Thus,
this study helps in understanding the mitigationofharmonic
power flow in unbalanced and polluted radial distribution
system by using IEEE 13, 37 and 123 test bus system by
using forward backward sweep load flow method. The test
system which is designed for IEEE 13, IEEE 37 and IEEE 123
bus system is built in MATLAB in a format that is compliant
with the Simulation. First, the test system is builtwithfeeder
IEEE 13 with general data which is shown in next chapter in
detail secondly the test system is built with the general data
which is shown in next chapter and lastly the test system is
built with the general data which is also shown in next
chapter and graph is plotted between total harmonic
distortion versus nodes later.
5. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
This result gives the mitigation of harmonic power flow in
unbalanced and polluted radial distribution system byusing
IEEE 13, 37 and 123 test bus system which is modelled in
MATLAB by using Simulink. The various feeders are
modelled by using different IEEE test bus to show relevant
results for the system. The system was tested under several
different operating conditions.
Table. 5.1 Classification of Buses
Bus Type Quantities
Specified
Quantities to be
Obtained
Load Bus P, Q ,
Generator Bus P, Q,
Slack Bus , P, Q
The IEEE 13, 37 and 123 test bus system is well known as
test bus system. It is a P-Q or Load bus, P-|V| or generator
bus and |V|-𝛿 or slack bus whose quantities are shown in
table 5.1 and value is shown below in the form of general
data table 5.2.
Table. 5.2 General Data of Buses
General Data 13 Bus 37 Bus 123 Bus
Slack 632 701 149
V nom(kV) 4.1600 4.8000 4.1600
V slack phase a 1.0210 1.0283 1.0100
V slack phase b 1.0420 1.0249 1.0100
V slack phase c 1.0174 1.0112 1.0100
Ang slack phase
a
-2.49 -29.5322 0
Ang slack phase
b
-121.72 -
150.5195
-120
Ang slack phase
c
117.83 90.1923 120
This method computes the power flow solution for its given
radial network with its loadings and to verify the
effectiveness of the implemented algorithms, simulation
tests are carried out on IEEE test feeders for distribution
systems (13, 37, 123 buses). To accuracy test, results of
implemented modelling in fundamental frequency are
compared to results of IEEE test feeders which are
insignificant and negligible which showsthehighaccuracyof
implemented algorithm.
Figure 5. 1 RESULTS OF THD FOR IEEE 13 TEST BUS

6. CONCLUSION
In this report, a direct method for distribution load flow
solution is presented to solve load flow problem by using
two matrices, BIBC and BCBV. BIBC is abbreviated form of
bus injection to branch currents, and the BCBV stands for
branch currents to bus voltages. These two matrices are
collectively used to form a direct approach to solve the load
flow problems in case of balanced distribution system. For
unbalanced distribution system backward sweep is usedfor
calculation of branch current and forward sweep is used for
busvoltage. The simulation tests are carried outonIEEEtest
feeders for distribution systems (13, 37, 123 buses).
7. FUTURE SCOPE
The future extent of the exploration work revealed in the
paper of the executed plan can be additionally contemplated
under substantial unsettling influences for improving the
voltage security and the dynamic and transient conduct of
the framework can be researched facilitate with a specific
end goal to foresee the voltage solidness. Theapplicationcan
likewise be checked by utilizing diverse test transport
framework for future work.
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IRJET-Mitigation of Harmonic Power Flow in Unbalanced and Polluted Radial Distribution System by using IEEE 13, 37 and 123 Test Bus System