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1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 528 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF MANDVI Prof. Mohit sagar1, Priyanka panchal2, Jalal saiyad3, Mo. Juber raj4, Sohilkhan Pathan5, Rahul jepar6 1Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar patel college of engineering, Gujarat, India 2,3,4,5,6B.E.Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar patel college of engineering, , Gujarat, India ------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABSTRACT: Solid waste management is one among the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities in the country to keep urban canters clean. However. It is a major problem in India, to manage and dumping of solid waste Due to thisproblemlikeairpollution, groundwaterpollution,badsmelling& mosquitoesgeneratedwhichcreate diseases. Overall it is bed mark on city map. This all problem occurred in our study region Mandvi in Kutch there solid west dumping site at near sitla temple those region population is 52 thousands and spread over an area of 320.21 sq.km. (As per census 2011), all most 350 metric tonsof solid waste is generated on daily basis. Due to this continuous proceed many problems occurred in the site like land pollution, mosquitoes problems, generation of bed small, air pollution. So due to this problem we suggestedthe secured landfilling method to overcome the problemandproviding safe, healthy and secured atmosphere for the people. Keywords: solid waste, pollution, collection, disposal, landfilling INTRODUCTION Municipal solid waste managementcontinuestobeamajorchallengeforlocalgovernmentsinbothurbanandrural areas throughout the world. This challenge is particularly important for the developing world. The available statistics show that although the municipalsolidwastegenerationinthedevelopingcountriesisstilllowper-capita level compared to that in the developedworldthedevelopingcountriesaccountforadisproportionatelyhighshare of the world’s solid waste generation relative to their share of world income. Solid wastes are being produced since humans started living in smaller or larger societies. It is was not difficult to dispose of the solid waste during ancient period because the population was small and the quantity of waste generated was also small and very vast area was available for disposal. Moreover from a dynamicpointofviewthe municipal solid waste management in developing countries faces even greater challenges in the future because of their rapid urbanization and economic growth. Empirical analyses using macroeconomic data3 indicated that the per capita generation of solid waste was at least 0.3-0.4 kilograms per dayevenforthepoorestpeople.Ingeneral,a 1 percent increase in population is associated with a 1.04 percent increase in solid waste generation, and a 1 percent increase in per capita income is associated with a 0.34 percent increase in total solid waste generation. Considering that most of the developing countries are still in the early stage of their urbanization and economic development process, people generally believe that a fastincreaseinsolidwastegenerationshouldbeunavoidable in the developing world. Poor solid waste management in the developing countries consists of a major threat to public health and environmental quality,andreducesthequalityoflife,particularlyforthepoorerresidentsinboth urban and rural areas. One of the principal reasons for the inefficient SWM systems in the developing countries is the financial constraint. As SWM is given low priority in the developing countries, except in capital and largecities, very limited funds are provided to the SWM sector by the government. Solid wasteistheunwantedoruselesssolid materials generated from combined residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. It may be categorized according to its origin (domestic, industrial, commercial, construction or institutional)accordingtoits contents (organic material, glass, metal, plastic paper etc); or according to hazard potential (toxic, non-toxin, flammable, radioactive, infectious etc).
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 529 OBJECTIVE To protect the health and wellbeing of people by providing an affordable waste collection service. To ensure the protection of the environment through effective waste management measures. To providing a good land filing method to overcome the problem and providing safe, healthy and secured atmosphere for the people. TYPES OF SOLID WASTE 1. Industrial waste 2. Municipal solid waste 3. Agricultural Waste SOLID WASTE COLLECTION METHODS House To House Collection In house to house collection the solid waste generated and stored in individual premises is collected by several methods as discussed below: 1. Curb service 2. Alley service 3. Set out set back service 4. Backyard service Street Collection Wastes are generated on streets and public places. The collection of which is the responsibility of civic authority (Nagarpalika municipal Corporation). In developing countries the collection is manual. The tractor coupled with trolleys are normally used for collection and conveyance of street waste insmall towns. In cities dust bins are located at road side and the solid waste is collected and conveyed to the site of treatment by vehicle. DISPOSAL OF SOILD WASTE Several method of disposal of solid waste arelisted below 1.Compositing 2. Incineration 3. Land filling in low lying area 4. Pyrolysis OLD LANDFILLING In the past, dumps were created very simply, digging a hole in the ground and filling it with trash. Once the trash reached a certain limit, it was burned and then the entire opening was covered with new soil. In the past, garbage was collected in open dumps. These uncovered andunlinedsitesallowedleachate,aliquidformedbydecomposing waste, to soak into the soil and groundwater. Toward the end of the 19th century, many cities realized that throwing waste into the streets was causing health and political problems. In response, cities created garbage and dispose of it in open dumps, incinerators, or at sea. Even in the 1920s garbage, incinerator ash, and dirt were commonly used to reclaim wetlands near cities. Dumped garbage was openly burned to save space for future waste disposal, creating air pollution and health hazards. When the waste reached a predetermined height, a final cover of soil was placed on top and sometimes
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 530 vegetation was planted.inmanycases,thevegetationfailedtogrowordiedbecauseofmetanegasescapingthrough the final cover. FIG.OLD LANDFILLING MODERN LANDFILLING Landfills are the physical facilities used for the disposal of residual solid wastes in the surface soils of the earth. Disposal of MSW designed and operated to minimize public health and environmental impacts. Landfills for the disposal of hazardous wastes are called secure landfills. A lift a complete layer of cells over the active area of the landfill. Typically,landfill are comprised of a series of lifts bench is commonly used where the height of the landfill will exceed50to75ft.thefinalliftincludesthecoverlayer. The final cover layer is applied to the entire landfill surface afrer all landfilling operationsare complete .the final cover usuallyconsists of multiple layers of soil or geommbrane material designed to enhance surface drainage, intercept percolating water,and support surface vegetation. FIG.MODERN LANDFILLING
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 531 Phase 1- initial adjustment Phase 2- transition phase Phase 3- acid phase Phase 4- methane fermentation phase Phase 5- maturation phase Data Collection Data Collected From The Mandvi Town Are As Follows: 1. Population 2. Solid Waste Collection 1. Population Ward Level Name TRU NO HH TOP P TOP M TOP F 1 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0001 Urban 1074 6139 3334 2805 2 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0002 Urban 1767 9301 4681 4620 3 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0003 Urban 655 3295 1510 1785 4 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0004 Urban 1083 4385 2272 2113 5 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0005 Urban 1080 4825 2369 2456 6 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0006 Urban 1299 6161 3243 2918 7 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0007 Urban 1457 6728 3530 3198 8 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0008 Urban 1094 5129 2395 2734 9 WARD Mandvi (M) WARD NO.-0009 Urban 837 5413 2441 2672 TOWN Mandvi (M) Urban 10346 51376 26075 25301 Table No.1 NOTIFICATION HH=HOUSE HOLDERS P= TOTAL MALE +TOTAL FEMALE M=MALE F=FEMALE Collection of Solid Waste By Two Methods 1. Door to door method 2. Street method By door to door collection 75% waste is collected from houses Door to door collection 7% waste is collected from others From door to door collection total 82% waste is collected
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 532 Rapily and slowly biodegradable organic constituents in MSW Organic waste component Rapidly biodegradable Slowly biodegradable Food wastes √ News paper √ Office paper √ Plastic Textile √ Rubber √ Leather √ Table No.2 Percentage distribution of landfill gases observed during the first 48 months after the closure of a landfill cell Time interval since cell completion months Average , percent by volume nitrogen Carbon dioxide methane 0-3 5.2 88 5 3-6 3.8 76 21 6-12 0.4 65 29 12-18 1.1 52 40 18-24 0.4 53 47 24-30 0.2 52 48 30-36 1.3 46 51 36-42 0.9 50 47 42-48 0.4 51 48 Table No.3 COMPARISON OLD LANDFILLING AND MODERN LANDFILLING OLD LANDFILLING MODERN LANDFILLING 1. In old landfilling Dumped garbage was openlyburned to save space for future waste disposal, crerating air pollution and health hazards 2. The entire openingiscoveredwiththesoil.INmodern landfilling dumped garbage is put inside thegroundand produce gases 3. Old landfill had liners and leacahate collectionsystem to prevent leachate movement out of the landfill. 4. Older dumps were commonly only closed with athin layer of dirt and revegetated sparsely, if at all. 1. In modern landfilling dumped garbage is put inside the ground and produce gases 2. The entire is covered with the compacted clay. 3. Modern landfills are epuipped with liners and leachate collection systems that prevent the leachate from leaving the facility and contaminating groundwater. closure. 4. Modern landfill are designed from the to ensure protection of the environment and publichealthandthe safe and productive use of the site after closure.
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 533 BENEFITE OF NEW MODERN LANDFILLING METHOD 1. There are many advantages of landfills. The main advantage is that burying can produce energy and can be obtained by the conversion of landfill gas. 2. The waste products of landfills can be used as direct fuel for combustion or indirectly they can be processedinto another fuel. 3. Landfill is a specific location for waste deposition that can be monitored. 4. On completion of the landfill it can be reclaimed and it can be used as parks or farming land. 5. In properly designed landfills the waste can be processed and all recyclable materialscanbeusedbeforeclosing. CONCLUSIONS As per the site survey on sitla temple we seen that all the solid waste generated from the mandvi town is first collected to open ground and than dump to the ground. Due to this continous proceedmanyproblemsoccurredinthesitelikelandpollution,mosquitersproblems, generation of bed small, air pollution. So due to thisproblemwesuggestedthesecuredlandfillingmethodtoovercometheproblemandproviding safe, healty and secured atmosphere for the people. By providing this method we can utilize the byproductforthefertilizerandconstructionalsoutilizethegas for the cooking purposes this method control the leachate and protect the ground water. REFERENCES Papers: 1. “A Study on Solid Waste Management System of Dhaka City Corporation: Effect of Composting and Landfill Location” @ Faisal Ibney and M. Ashraf Ali 2. “A Study on Solid Waste Management System in Vietnam” @ Prof. Nickolas J. Theme is, Earth and Environmental Engineering 3. “Municipal Solid Waste Collection Problems” @ Jeroen Beliën, Liesje De Boeck, Jonas Van Ackere Journal: 1. “Journal of Environmental Engineering” @ Michael S. Bruno BIOGRAPHIES Mohit Sagar Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering Sardar patel college of engineering Bakrol Priyanka Panchal B.E.Student Department of Civil Engineering Sardar patel college of engineering Bakrol
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 534 Jalal Saiyad Department of Civil Engineering Sardar patel college of engineering Bakrol MO.Juber Raj Department of Civil Engineering Sardar patel college of engineering Bakrol Sohilkhan Pathan Department of Civil Engineering Sardar patel college of engineering Bakrol Rahul Jepar Department of Civil Engineering Sardar patel college of engineering Bakrol
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