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IRJET- Modification of Bitumen with Sugarcane Molasses and Coconut Shell Charcoal
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4467 MODIFICATION OF BITUMEN WITH SUGARCANE MOLASSES AND COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL Hari Krishnan1, Jithin Prakash2, Sameeha Shaji3, Smrithi S4, Bhamini B5 1,2,3,4UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India 5Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Kollam, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Because of increase of energy cost, the need for improvement of pavement quality as well as concern over pollution and alternative binders are needed to modify partially or totally replace bitumen. The benefits of using alternative binders are that they can save the natural resources and reduce energy consumption. This paper is intended to for the modification of bitumen with sugarcane molasses, coconut shell charcoal (CSC) and combination of molasses and CSC. Molasses is a waste from sugar production and CSC is a product of coconut shell. Because of urgent need of infrastructure, rehabilitation and maintenance, introduction and application of such environment friendly materials like sugarcane molasses and CSC are required. Molasses, CSC and their combinations are added to bitumen at various percentages. Various tests for bitumen like Viscosity test, Specific Gravity test, Ductility test, Softening test are conducted to find out the optimum percentage for modification of bitumen. Penetration test are also conducted for optimum percentage obtained. Key Words: Bitumen, Sugarcane molasses, Coconut shell charcoal, Environment friendly, Modification, Alternative binders 1. INTRODUCTION The world has become increasingly concerned over the global climatic change thought to be caused by the greenhouse gases, chief among them anthropogenic carbon dioxide which is released into the atmosphere from burning carbon fuels. This has led into the introduction of bitumen alternatives that are more environmental friendly and non - toxic. Molasses are the end product of the sugar manufacturing process and once no more sugar can be crystallized from the raw crop, the residual product is molasses. Molasses is used in diverse range of industries due to its excellent non - binding properties. It has an advantage over other binding materials such as tar and lignin sulphonate as it does not produce a toxic emission on combustion instead much safer for the environment. In addition as a liquid it is easy to handle and incorporate into various manufacturing process. Coconut shell charcoal is also considered as a waste modifier. CSC produces activated carbon. Activated carbon is a non-graphite form of carbon that is usually found in carbonaceous material, such as CSC. The CSC is a potential material because of its high strength and modulus properties along with the added advantages of lignin content. The shell is similar to hard wood in chemical composition. The high lignin content renders the modified asphalt using CSC more weather resistant and hence more suitable for application as a construction material. 2. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY The experimental study aims at investigating the optimum percentage for modification of bitumen with the locally available waste materials. Bitumen, extensively used for the construction of asphalt pavements is of high cost and releases huge amount of toxic gas carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Due to these drawbacks of bitumen led to the idea of an experimental investigation of modification of bitumen with sugarcane molasses, CSC, and combinations of these two. On direct field visit we observed that molasses from various sugar factories are being discharged into the rivers without any purification making the receiving water bodies polluted. So we collected molasses from Kerafed kollam Unit for the experiments. The coconut shell is considered as an agricultural waste, so we collected coconut shell and is converted into charcoal for the modification of bitumen. We also conducted the combinations of both sugarcane molasses and coconut shell charcoal for the modification. 3. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND TEST RESULTS The various materials collected for our work are briefly mentioned below. 3.1 BITUMEN Bitumen of grade VG – 30 was collected from PWD Attingal section for the entire work and basic test like Viscosity, Specific Gravity, Softening, Ductility were conducted.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4468 Table- 1: Test results of bitumen TEST RESULTS Ductility 70cm Specific Gravity 1 Softening 44.5°C Viscosity 26 sec 3.2 COARSE AGGREGATE Coarse aggregates were collected from crusher unit Paripally and conducted the basic tests like Specific Gravity, Water Absorption, Los Angeles, Crushing value, Impact value, Shape test. Table- 2: Test results of aggregate TEST RESULTS Impact value test 27% Crushing value test 25% Los angeles abrasion test 34% Shape test 1.Elogation test 2.Flakiness test 15% 14% Specific Gravity 2.6 3.3 MODIFIERS The materials used for modification of bitumen are molasses and coconut shell charcoal. The sugarcane molasses were collected from Kerafed Unit Kollam and the CSC were collected from various agricultural farms. 4. DETAILS OF EXPERIMENT The experimental program consists of preparation and testing of bitumen with molasses, CSC and combinations of these two at various percentages. The various tests like viscosity, specific gravity, softening, ductility were conducted for all the percentage and obtained the optimum percentage for molasses, CSC and combinations of both molasses and coconut shell charcoal. Penetration test were conducted for obtained optimum percentage. The optimum value obtained can be taken for the modification of bitumen with the locally available waste materials collected. 5. METHODOLOGY 5.1 OPTIMUM PERCENTAGE OF SUGARCANE MOLASSES The bitumen is modified with sugarcane molasses at various percentages ranging from 1% to 15% and tests were conducted for all the percentages to obtain the optimum percentage. The test results were shown in the table below. Table- 3: Test results of bitumen with molasses Percentages Ductility (cm) Softening (°C) Viscosity (sec) Specific Gravity 1 76 46 23 0.97 2 78 46 23 0.97 3 78 48 26 0.98 4 80 50 25 0.98 5 83 52 26 0.98 6 84 52 26 0.99 7 85 52 28 0.99 8 85 53 35 1 9 85 56 30 1 10 83 60 26 1 11 80 58 26 1.03 12 79 58 26 1.03 13 79 58 26 1.03 14 78 56 25 1.03 15 79 56 25 1.01
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4469 The graphs drawn based on the results are shown below: Chart- 1: Graph between percentage of molasses and ductility Chart- 2: Graph between percentage of molasses and softening Chart- 3: Graph between percentage of molasses and Viscosity Chart- 4: Graph between percentage of molasses and Specific Gravity From the table and graphs drawn we can conclude that the optimum percentage is obtained at 9%. 5.2 OPTIMUM PERCENATGE OF COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL (CSC) The bitumen is modified with CSC at various percentages like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and test were conducted for all the percentages to obtain the optimum percentage. The test results were shown in the table below: Table- 4: Test results of bitumen with CSC Percentages Ductility (cm) Softening (°C) Viscosity (sec) Specific Gravity 5 72 54 23 0.89 10 75 55 25 0.9 15 75 55 26 0.96 20 76 58 26 0.98 25 72 58 25 1 30 72 56 20 0.99 35 70 52 19 0.96
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4470 The graphs drawn based on the results are given below: Chart- 5: Graph between percentage of CSC and Ductility Chart- 6: Graph between percentage of CSC and Softening Chart- 7: Graph between percentage of CSC and Viscosity Chart- 8: Graph between percentage of CSC and Specific gravity From the results and the graph drawn we can conclude that the optimum percentage is obtained at 20%. 5.3 OPTIMUM PERCENTAGE OF COMBINATIONS OF SUGARCANE MOLASSES(SCM) AND CSC The bitumen is modified with combinations of molasses and CSC at various percentages. The molasses were taken in different percentages like 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11% and CSC were taken at percentages like 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% to obtain the optimum percentage for modified bitumen. Table- 5: Test results of bitumen with combinations % of SCM % of CSC Ductility (cm) Softening (°C) Viscosity (sec) Specific Gravity 5 1 73 52 23 0.97 6 2 75 55 23 0.97 7 3 76 56 26 0.98 8 4 76 56 27 0.99 9 5 73 54 26 0.95 10 6 71 50 23 0.93 11 7 69 47 19 0.92 From the results and graph obtained we can conclude that the optimum percentage was obtained at 8% of molasses and 4 % of CSC. 5.4 PENETRATION VALUE Penetration value for modified bitumen with molasses = 135 Penetration value for modified bitumen with CSC = 128 Penetration value for modified bitumen with combinations = 132 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The optimum percentage of molasses as modified bitumen is 9%. The optimum percentage of CSC as modified bitumen is 20%. The optimum percentage of combination of molasses and CSC as modified bitumen is 8% of molasses and 4% charcoal.
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4471 7. CONCLUSION From the study of the behavior of molasses modified bitumen shows that the bitumen can be modified with molasses up to an optimum percentage of 9%. This optimum percentage shows considerable increase in the values of basic properties of bitumen. The behavior of CSC modified bitumen shows that the bitumen can be modified up to an optimum percentage of 20%. By the experiments on combination of molasses and CSC to modify bitumen the optimum percentage obtained is at 4% CSC and 8% molasses. Molasses proves to have better rheological properties compared to CSC and combinations as it shows considerable increase in the value of ductility, softening, viscosity etc. Hence molasses can be used as a better substitute for bitumen. REFERENCES (1) Siti Nur Amiera Jeffry, Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, Effect of Nanocharcoal Coconut Shell Ash on the physical and rheological, Construction and Building Materials, 158, 1-10 (2) Cairins, By product of the Sugar Industry, International journal of intellectual advancement and research in engineering computations,5, 800- 806. (3) K Shyam Prakash, M. Phanindra, S. Ram Surya, Percentage replacement of bitumen with sugarcane waste molasses, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology , 5, 7 july(2014), pp, 188 - 197 BIOGRAPHIES Hari Krishnan , a student at UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Paripally, Kollam, Kerala, India, is currently an B.Tech in Civil Engineering. Jithin Prakash, a student at UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Paripally, Kollam, Kerala, India, is currently an B.Tech in Civil Engineering . Sameeha Shaji a student at UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Paripally, Kollam, Kerala, India, is currently an B.Tech in Civil Engineering . Smrithi S a student at UKF College of Engineering and Technology, Paripally, Kollam, Kerala, India, is currently an B.Tech in Civil Engineering .
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