IRJET- Influence of Zycosil in Cold Mix Design of DBM (Dense Bituminous Macadam)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1802
INFLUENCE OF ZYCOSIL IN COLD MIX DESIGN OF DBM
(Dense Bituminous Macadam)
1Associate professor, Jabalpur engineering college, Jabalpur (M.P.) India.
2ME scholar, Jabalpur engineering college, Jabalpur (M.P.) India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Rapid increase of urban population in India with
rapid rise in industrialization needs high demand of vehicles.
Road sectors are very important for the growth of economy,
employments and empowerment of a country. Approximately
40% roads are unpaved of total road lengths. The natural
bitumen shows failure and serious problems during rainy
seasons. The treatment and strengthening of bitumen is
required to keep the pavement surface serviceable. Zycosil a
Nano material recently used as an additive to strengthen the
pavement.
In this study, we are looking forward to use zycosilasadditives
in DBM mix along with cement as filler. Various cold mix
samples were prepared at different percentages of binder
content (7%, 8%, 9% and 10%).These samples were tested for
Marshall Values. These Marshall values were used to compute
the optimum bitumen content of the mix. The optimum
bitumen content was found to be 8% for DBM mix. Zycosil
additive was added at varying percentage (0.02%, 0.03% and
0.04%) to this optimum bitumen content. Upon addition of
zycosil to the optimum bitumen content, the Marshallstability
values of the mix increases significantly. Hence it is suggested
to use it in the flexible pavement construction.
Key Words: Marshal Stability & flow characteristics,
DBM, Zycosil, Cold mix.
1. INTRODUCTION
Road networks are the main element of transportation
system which acts as a key element of economy of the
country. Roads should be capable to take heavy loads and
meets the demand of road user with enhanced performance
of pavement. Researchers are continuously trying to
improve the pavement with appropriate quality, better life
time and stability. Bituminous mixes are most commonly
used all over world in the constructionof pavement.Because
of rapid increase in population, modernization,urbanization
and industrial revolution the number of vehicle with higher
axle load which are responsible for putting high stresses
over limiting available roads causes greater distress
resulting in decreasing serviceability and it directly
increases the resource consumption and maintenance cost.
In order to overcome these problems the modification of
binder is a choice to meet the increasing traffic demandwith
appropriate pavement quality. The materialusedasmodifier
is capable to resist the variation in temperature. The road
industries are therefore looking forward for a modifier
which is helpful to design a suitable Marshall Mix for flexible
pavement asper MORTH guideline to meet the requirement
of long life pavement with less distress and should be eco-
friendly. In order to meet the above requirement the waste
and chemical are used as a modifier or additives [4]. There
are many studiescarried out on zycosil chemicalasadditives
in the pavement design [5]. Various studies have been
conducted to study the effect of zycosil on the optimum
bitumen content for different pavements.it showed
favourable results upon addition of zycosil to the mix. Effect
of Zycosil with cold mix emulsion bindercontentonMarshall
Properties of dense bituminous macadam (DBM) design to
improve the strength of pavement As per Indian
specifications {MORTH (5th Revision)}[7]
2. Literature review:
Bala Raju Teppala,C.B.MishraandDineshKumar(2015):
In this paper the authorshave first examined theengineering
properties assessable for pulverized stone, fillers, and VG10
evaluation bitumen for blend outline. Marshall Method for
DBM received to figure out the ideal bitumen content. For
VG10 bitumen blend ideal bitumen substance is mulled over
for modified Marshall Mix outline by addition of 0.03%,
0.04%and0.06%measurement of zycosil chemicalandtried
to focusonthe key propertiesaccordingtothecodeprovision
that VG10 grade bitumenwith0.06%zycosil chemicalcanbe
suggested for flexible pavement in colder
Sarkar et al., (2014) stated that the weak materials like
over burnt bricks are used as a coarse aggregate in
bituminous concrete pavement construction when it is
treatedwith Zycosil.Theoptimum bitumen contentishighin
case of over burnt brick as compared to conventional mix
because of higherporosity and roughnessofoverburntbrick.
Stability valueis increased by 30%in case ofoverburntbrick
aggregates when it is treated by Zycosil.
Daxesh Makwana,SanjayJadav,Prof.C.B. Mishra (2015):
New Creative Material needs to be used in research facility
before it can be proposed for thruway development .the
present paper hence edifies the technique to figure out ideal
bitumen content by Marshall mix outline strategy for BC
blend acquired in research centre examination obligeddoses
of zycosil compound in 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.04% is includes
and changes in properties are recorded.
Abhijit Mondal andProf. Rajan Choudhary: (2012): Paper
presents the mix design of cold mixes for use in different
course of pavement such as BC Mix DBM Mix. The paper
Prof. Rajesh jain1, Sanjay dwivedi2

provides information on the different additives which are
usually used to increase the performance of cold mix .it also
gives the result of same earlier studies on cold mix. It also
highlights the scope of using cold mix. Cold mix is used in a
colder regions and these eco-friendly environment. Cold mix
give batter results with the some additives.
3. Materials used
The following section covers the description of the coarse
aggregate, fine aggregate, bitumen and additives used in the
study.
Aggregates:
For preparation of cold mixes, test of aggregates and
gradations of aggregate for dense bituminous gradation
macadam (DBM) was taken as per MORTH (Table 500-36)
and IRC: SP: 79 specifications given in table 1 and table 2
respectively.
Coarse Aggregates:
Raw materials consist of stone chips were collected from a
local source. Aggregates up to 4.75 mm are IS sieve size was
used as coarse aggregate. Its specific gravity was foundtobe
(19, mm) are 2.78, and (6, mm) are 2.87 as per IS: 2386
(Part-III) procedures. Standard test was conducted to
determine some other physical properties and is
summarized in table 1.
Fine Aggregates:
Raw materials consisted of stone crusher dusts were
collected from a local crusher. Aggregates with fractions
passing 4.75 mm and retained on 0.075 mm IS sieve was
used as fine aggregates. Its specific gravity was found to be
(dusts) is 2.74 as per IS: 2386 (Part-III) procedures.
Filler:
Raw materials for stone crusher dusts were collected froma
local crusher while fly ash, lime and Portland slag cement
(Grade 43) were collected from local market.Stonedust,slag
dust, hydraulic cement, hydrated lime, fly ash and some
other mineral materials can be used as filler. Filler should
passing 100% through 0.06 mm sieve, 95-100 % through
0.30 mm, 70% through 0.075 mm sieve size. It should be
sufficiently dried to flow freely at the time of sample
preparation. Here in this study cement is used as mineral
filler.
Binder Content:
Cationic slow setting (CSS) Bitumen emulsioncollectedfrom
the reliable source was used in this investigation to prepare
the samples.
Table 1: Aggregates Properties and Test Results
Property Test Method Test Result
Aggregate Impact
Value (%)
IS: 2386 (P IV) 14.3
Aggregate Crushing
Value (%)
IS: 2386 (P IV) 13.02
Los Angeles
Abrasion Value (%)
IS: 2386 (P IV) 18
Flakiness Index (%) IS: 2386 (P I) 18.83
Elongation Index (%) IS: 2386 (P I) 21.5
Water Absorption (%) IS: 2386 (P III) 0.1
Table 2: gradations of aggregates by trial and error
method for cold mix DBM
DBM JOB MIX FORMULA
SIEVE
MM
% BY WEIGHT PASSING
COMBINE
D
GRADING
MORT
H
SPECI
FICATI
ON
26.5
MM
13.2
MM
DUST FILLER
.35A+.33B
+0.30C+0.
02D
-
45 - - - - -
37.5 100 100 100 100 100 100
26.5 83 100 100 100 94.05 90-100
13.2 0 92 100 100 62.36 56-80
4.75 0 9 100 100 34.97 29-59
2.36 0 0 83.5 100 27.05 19-45
0.3 0 0 21.5 100 8.45 5-17
0.075 0 0 4.5 95 3.25 1-7
Zycosil as modifier-
The chemical additive used as modifier in this study is
zycosil. It is Nano material (size 50-100 nm) water soluble
compound that forms water clear solution. Zycosil reaction
leadsto the permanent Nano siliconizationofthesurfacesby
converting the water loving silanol groupstowaterrepellent
siloxane bonds. The Si-O-Si siloxane bond is nature’s
strongest bond and lasts longer .Zycosil’s reactive bonding
ability with the aggregates and asphalt helps to almost
eliminate stripping of aggregates.
4. Methodology-
Different materials are such as aggregates, Cement, zycosil
an additives and bituminous emulsions are collected from
their quarry and different tests on aggregates are being
conducted such as Impact Test, Crushing Test, Los Angeles
Abrasion Test and Specific Gravity and Water Absorption
Test. Further with trial and error method gradation is
obtained and Marshall Specimen is prepared and Marshall
Stability Test is conducted and graphical and theoretical
analysis is done.

Figure: 1 Gradation Curve of aggregates for Dense
Bituminous Macadam
Preparation of Marshall Samples for DBM mixes and
there testing’s:
The samples were cast according to standard method of
casting according to Marshall Mix design. The mix
proportion for each and every sample was selected
according to MORTH specifications [7]. The bitumen
percentage was varied from 7% to 10% from the total
weight of the mix, varying in 1% intervals. The standard
number of 75 blows per each side was applied to compact
the samples under the required traffic load. To average the
properties, several samples were cast from each category.
A sample was cast to compare the results. The sample
includes no zycosil materials. Three samples each were cast
for each bitumen percentage used. The total weight of
aggregates used in the mix was 1200g.the aggregate was
used cold at room temperature .the moisture content was
added 3% to the aggregate and mixed thoroughly. The mix
was left for 10-15 minute at room temperature before
adding bitumen emulsion. The emulsion was added cold to
the wet aggregate and mixed thoroughlyforabout2minutes.
The suitability of the mix and degree of coating was then
evaluated. After mixing the mixture was kept for curing at
room temperatures for 72 hours. In their study hasdone the
compaction of the mixture by the Marshall Compaction
hammer on each side of specimen 75blows. The prepared
samples were extruded after 24 hours. This sample isready
for testing and found optimum bitumen binder content
(OBC).
Again sample casting for optimum bitumen binder content
percent of bitumen emulsion and add 2%cement filler with
different proportion of zycosil additive (0.02%, 0.03%, and
0.04%) to all percentage of bitumen emulsion.
Testing the samples, all the samples were kept in a constant
temperature bath for 30 minutesat the roomtemperature.It
allows both the surface and the core of the sample to be of
same temperature. The room temperature was selected in
order to allow the natural condition faced in the India
context. Apart from the Marshall properties, the bulk
properties of the samples were determined.
Fig.2: Marshall Apparatus for Sample testing.
Table 3 :( TABLE: 500-16): Requirements for Dense
Bituminous macadam Pavement Design According MORTH
Specification.
Properties Values
Marshall Stability 2.2 KN
Minimum flow 2 mm
Air voids 4 to 6 %
Voids Filled Bituminous% (VFB %) 70 -80 %
Level of compaction 75 blows
Emulsion content 7 to 10 %
Voids in mineral aggregate DBM: 13 %
5. RESULTS
This test has been carried out to determine the Optimum
Binder content for DBM mixes. InitiallyforDBM,gradationof
aggregates is carried out as per MORTH specification and
specimens are prepared with varying bitumen content. The
properties incorporated with the tests which are stability,
flow value, bulk specific gravity, air voids, voids filled with
bitumen and voids in mineral aggregate are evaluated. The
optimum binder content is worked out as 8% for DBM Mix
Design.
Fig.3: Variation of Marshal Stability with Bitumen

Fig.4: Variation of Flow Value with Bitumen.
Fig.5: Variation of Density of Mix with Bitumen.
Fig.6: Variation of air voids of mix with Bitumen.
Fig.7: Variation of VMA% Value with Bitumen.
Fig.8: Variation of VFB% of mix with Bitumen.
Table 4: Comparisons of properties of mix at optimum
bitumen content with Zycosil as additives at varying
percentage i.e., 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.04%.
bitumen
content
by weight of
total mix
stabili
ty
(Kg)
Unit
weigh
t
(gm/c
c)
FLO
W,
mm
AIR
VOI
DS
%
VMA
%
VFB
%
8.0% optimum
856.8
6
2.398 4.7 5.94 22.71 73.78
0.02% zycosil
content
872.1
1
2.402 4.45 5.82 22.52 74.12
0.03% zycosil
content
979.9 2.410 4.18 5.57 22.18 74.86
0.04% zycosil
content
961.4
6
2.415 3.95 5.3 21.89 75.78
specification
limit
by MORTH
Minm,
220
kg
minm
2,
mm
4 to
6
minm
13 %
(size
26.5m
m)
70 to
80
Fig.9: Variation of Marshall Stability of optimum bitumen
content with zycosil content at varying percentages
(0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04%)

Fig.10: Variation of flow value of optimum bitumen
(0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04%)
Fig.11: Variation of bulk density of optimum bitumen
(0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04%)
Fig.12: Variation of air voids of optimum bitumen
(0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04%)
Fig.13: Variation of VMA% of optimum bitumen content
with zycosil content at varying percentages (0.02%,
0.03%, and 0.04%)
Fig.14: Variation of VFB% of optimum bitumen content
with zycosil content at varying percentages (0.02%,
0.03%, and 0.04%)
Discussion:
1. The optimum bitumen content percentage obtained
from the above results is 8%
2. The mix design value such as Marshall stability
(856.86kg), flow value (4.7 mm), bulk density (2.398,
gm/cc), air voids (5.94%) , voids filled with bitumen
VFB%, ( 73.78%), voids in mineral aggregates
VMA%(22.71%) value were found corresponding to
the above optimum bitumen content percentage.
3. Varying percentages of zycosil (0.02%, 0.03% and
0.04%) is added to this optimum bitumen content
percentage. The Marshall Stability values for these
percentages of zycosil are 872.11, kg, 979.11 kg, and
961.46 kg respectively.
4. Obtained Marshall Value at 0.03%zycosil as additives
is found to be 14.26 % which is higher than that of
normal mix without additives
5. Flow value of DBM mix samples gradually increases
with increase in bitumen content. The increase is
initially slow, but later the rate increases with the
increase in bitumen content. After mixing the zycosil
content of 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04% the flow value
continuously decreases due cohesive bonding of
zycosil chemical. . These values are well within the
ranges specified in MORTH specification.
6. The value of Maximum bulk DensityObtainedis2.398,
gm/cc. After mixing the zycosil content of 0.02%,
0.03%, and 0.04%. Corresponding to these varying
percentages of zycosil, the bulk density is found to be
2.402 gm/cc, 2.410 gm/cc and 2.415
7. The Air Voids (VA) decrease as we go on increasing
the bitumen content. This is because with an increase
in bitumen content. The bitumen continuouslyfillsthe
air voids. After mixing the zycosil content of 0.02%,
0.03%, and 0.04%, VA value continuously decreases
but rate of air voids slowly decreases because of the
very low zycosil content mix such as 0.02%, 0.03%
and 0.04%. These values are well within the ranges
specified in MORTH specification.

8. Theoretically VMA should remain constant foragiven
aggregate gradation with respect to binder content.
But practically, it is observed that at low bitumen
content, VMA slowly decreases with increase in
bitumen content and then increases. After mixing the
zycosil content of 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04% the VMA
value continuously decreases. . These values are well
within the ranges specified in MORTH specification.
9. The Voids Filled with bitumen % (VFB %) increase as
we go on increasing the bitumen content. This is
because with an increase in bitumen content.bitumen
continuously fills the air voids. After mixing the
zycosil content of 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04%theVFB%
value continuously increases but rate of voids filled
with bitumen% slowly increases because zycosil
content mixes in very low quantities such as 0.02%,
0.03% and 0.04%. These values are well within the
ranges specified in MORTH specification
CONCLUSION:
It can be concluded from the present investigation that for
specimen prepared by mixing cold mix binder content with
different percentages of zycosil additive, the stability
becomes maximum which is 979.11 kg for DBM. . These
results also indicate that the cold mix binder content with
zycosil as additive, in bituminous mix shows much stronger
value of 14.26% increase in stability value than that of
conventional mix without additive. Thus it meant that Cold
Mix Dense Bituminous Macadam (CMDBM) along with
zycosil additives had higher Marshall Stability values. It
indicates a high stiffnessmix with a greater ability to spread
the applied load and the pavement being more resistant to
pavement deformation. So from the present study it may be
concluded that a highly stable road with eco- friendly
environment service may be provided in a cost effectiveway
by using zycosil additive with cold mix emulsion. On the
other hand the problem of emission of harmful gases can be
solved.
REFERENCES:
[1]. F. Moghadas Nejad, A.R. Azarhoosh, GH.H. Hamedi,
M.JAzarhoosh (2012) “Influence of using nonmaterial to
reduce the moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt
“Construction and Building Materials 31 (2012) 384–388,
[2]. Sangita, Tabrez Alam Khan, Sabina & D.K. Sharma“Effect
of waste polymer modifier on the properties of bituminous
concrete mixes” Construction and Building Materials, 25
(2011) 3841–3848.
[3]. Sk sohel Islam,Ayana ghosh ,Riddha
chaudhauri,(2016),Role of Waste Plastic and Waste Rubber
on Dense Bituminous Macadam layer of Flexible Pavement,
in International journal of scientific & EngineeringResearch,
volume 7, April-2016,ISSN2229-5518
[4]. Tirthankar Dam, Vinal Khambhayta, Daxesh Makwana,
Sanjay Kumar Jadav, Bala RajuTeppalaProf. C.B. Mishra
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