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IRJET- Experimental Investigation on using Metakaolin and Marble Dust in Concrete
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1425 EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON USING METAKAOLIN AND MARBLE DUST IN CONCRETE P. Harsha Vardhan1, M. Venkata Narasiah2 1M. Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, V.N.R. College of engineering, Ponnur - 522124, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Asst Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, V.N.R. College of engineering, Ponnur - 522124, Andhra Pradesh, India -------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------ ABSTRACT: In construction Industry, consumption of cement is increasing day by day as well as cost is also increasing so to reduce the consumption of cement, partial replacement with Metakaolin and Marble powder was done in this study. Metakaolin is a calcinied clay and easily available in Gujarat, Maharashtra & Bombay etc. It is a Dehydroxylated form of the clay mineral Kaolinite. Stone having higher percentage of Kaolinite are known as china clay or kaolin was traditionally used in the manufacture of porcelain i.e. ceramic material. The particle size of Metakaolin is smaller than cement particles. Marble dust is obtained from cutting and manufacturing industries of marble. In India near about 3500 metric tons of marble dust slurry per day is generated. So, Marble dust is very easily available with very less cost. Some of industries used to wash out this marble powder with water in natural streams which cause water pollution and is harmful to the environment. So it is advisory to use Kaolinite & marble dust as partial replacement with cement as it has properties similar to cement and one of good pozzolanas. Kaolinite is also called as green pozzolana because it emits less co2. in the present case study metakaoline and marble dust is replaced with cement with the known percentages 0%,5%+5%,5%+10%,10%+10%,15+10%. Key Words: Metakaolin, Marble Powder, Compressive strength, Split-Tensile strength. 1. Introduction In construction Industry, consumption of cement is increasing day by day as well as cost is also increasing so to reduce the consumption of cement, partial replacement with Metakaolin and Marble powder was done in this study. Metakaolin is a calcinied clay and easily available in Gujarat, Maharashtra & Bombay etc. It is a Dehydroxylated form of the clay mineral Kaolinite. Stone having higher percentage of Kaolinite are known as china clay or kaolin was traditionally used in the manufacture of porcelain i.e. ceramic material. The particle size of Metakaolin is smaller than cement particles. Marble dust is obtained from cutting and manufacturing industries of marble. In India near about 3500 metric tons of marble dust slurry per day is generated. So, Marble dust is very easily available with very less cost. Some of industries used to wash out this marble powder with water in natural streams which cause water pollution and is harmful for our environment. So, it is advisory to use marble dust as partial replacement with cement as it has properties similar to cement and one of good pozzolanas. Similarly use of Metakaolin leads to Green concrete, because during production of Metakaolin concrete there is no emission of carbon dioxide, also Metakaolin is good admixture for high early age strength known as High Performance Concrete (HPC) etc. Since there is large emission of carbon dioxide in manufacturing of cement and clinker, results in 3-5% increase in greenhouse gasses and global warming. Infrastructure development across the world created demand for construction materials. Concrete is the premier civil engineering construction material. Concrete manufacturing involve consumption of ingredients like cement, aggregates, water and admixture(s). Among all the ingredients, aggregates form the major part. Two billion tons of aggregate are produced each year in the United States. Production is expected to increase to more than 2.5 billion tons per year by the year 2020. Similarly, the consumption of the primary aggregate was 110 million tons in the UK in year 1960 and reached nearly 275 million tons by 2006. Use of natural aggregate in such a rate leads to a question about the preservation of natural aggregates sources. In addition, operations associated with aggregate extraction and processing are the principal causes of environmental concerns. In light of this, in the contemporary civil engineering construction, using alternative materials in place of natural aggregate in concrete production makes concrete as sustainable and environmentally friendly construction material. Different alternative waste materials and industrial by products such as fly ash, bottom ash, recycled aggregates, foundry sand, china clay sand, crumb rubber, glass were replaced with natural aggregate and investigated properties of the concretes .
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1426 1.2 Construction Waste Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines construction and demolition (C&D) waste as waste materials consist of the debris generated during the construction, renovation, and demolition of buildings, roads, and bridges. C&D materials often contain materials that include: concrete, asphalt, wood, metals, gypsum, plastics and salvaged building components. It is a challenging task to handle C&D waste because it is bulky, heavy and inert and also mixture of various materials of different characteristics. It is also difficult to choose any suitable disposal method, for example, it cannot be incinerated due to its high density and inertness. Figure 1: Marble dust waste from construction Industry. Figure 2: Different constituents of C&D waste. 1. 3 Marble dust It is an essential component of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The size varies from specimens weighing a metric ton to minute particles that sparkle in rock surfaces. The crushed marble powder used in the experiments is in a form of white powdered, which replaces fine aggregate from the conventional concrete. The particle size used ranges from 10 to 45μm 1.4 Scope of the Work The aim of this study is to assess the utility and efficacy of metakaoline and marble dust which are obtained from marble cutting was used as a alternative to cement in concrete and so recycle the industrial waste materials. 1.5 Objectives of the Research Objectives of the experimental investigation are as follows: 1. To study the properties of fresh concrete this is cast by using metakaoline and marble dust. 2. To study mechanical properties such as compressive strength at the end of 7 and 28 days of curing by partially replacing cement with metakaoline and marble powder under normal curing. 3. To investigate the feasibility of the combination of metakaoline and marble powder in concrete by determining its compressive strength. 4. To reduce environmental pollution by utilizing waste material in concrete. 2. MATERIALS Cement: OPC 53 grade cement from a single batch will be used throughout the course of the project work. The properties of cement used are shown in table below. Table 1. The properties of cement Coarse aggregate: The crushed aggregate was used from the local quarry. In this experiment the aggregate S.NO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS 1. Specific Gravity 3.10 2. Standard Consistency 33% 3. Initial Setting Time 33 minutes. 4. Final Setting Time 356 minutes. 5. Fineness of Cement 2%
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1427 was used of 20mm down and tested as per IS: 2386- 1963(I, II, III) specification. The properties of coarse aggregate are shown in Table determination. The properties of coarse total are appeared in Table underneath: Table 2. Properties of coarse aggregate S.NO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS 1 Specific Gravity 2.70 2 Water absorption 2.22% 3 Bulk Density 1.68 4 crushing value 13.98% 5 Impact value 12.71% 6 Fineness Modulus 7.89 Fine Aggregate: locally available sand was used. The sand was conforming to zone IV as per IS: 383-1987. The properties of fine aggregate are shown in Table Table 3. Properties of fine aggregate S.NO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS 1 Specific Gravity 2.60 2 Water absorption 0.87% 3 Bulk Density 1.61 g /cc 4 Silt Content 2.67 % 5 Impact value 12.71% 6 Fineness Modulus 3.82 Water: Water conforming to the requirements of BIS: 456-2000 is found to be suitable for making concrete. It is generally stated that water fit for drinking is fit for making concrete. Marble dust: It is an essential component of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The size varies from specimens weighing a metric ton to minute particles that sparkle in rock surfaces. The crushed marble powder used in the experiments is in a form of white powdered marble flour, which replaces fine aggregate from the conventional concrete. The particle size used ranges from 10 to 45μm Figure 3: marble dust powder Table 4. Properties of marble dust Properties Marble dust Specific gravity 2.56 Bulk density 1340kg/m3 Percentage of Void 46.58% Fineness modulus 3.38 Metakaoline Metakaoline is a pozzolanic probably the most effective pozzolanic material for use in concrete. It is a product that is manufactured for use rather than a by-product and is formed when china clay, the mineral kaolin, is heated to a temperature between 600 and 800ºC. Figure 4: Metakaoline powder Table 5. Properties of Metakaoline Properties metakaoline Specific gravity 3.28 Bulk density 1005kg/m3 Percentage of Void 41.83% Fineness modulus 2.84
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1428 3. Experimental Investigation Table 6. Mix details for m25 concrete (1:2.09:2.83) Nominal concrete (NC) = Cement + Sand + CA Compressive Strength of metakaoline and marble dust replaced Concrete Following are the mixes considered for the study 1 - 5% metakaoline + 5% marble dust + 99%cement 2 - 5% metakaoline + 10% marble dust + cement 3 - 10% metakaoline + 10% marble dust +cement 4 - 10% metakaoline + 15% marble dust + cement Weigh batching is done for all materials. All aggregates used in the mix were weighed under surface dry conditions. Compressive strength of cubes of size 15x15x15cm is tested after 3,7,28 days Table 7: Compressive strength of concrete cubes for 3,7,28 days Figure 5: Graph that the concrete replaced with Metakaoline a Marble dust 5%+10% Result: It is seen that from the Graph that the concrete replaced with Metakaoline a Marble dust 5% + 10 % has given Maximum strength which is 28.02KN/M2 Split Tensile Test of Cylinders of Size 15x30 cm after 7 and 28 days Table 8: Split tensile test results of concrete cylinders for 7, 28 days Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate w/c ratio 382.3 kg 800.9 kg 1087.75 kg 0.50 S.NO NO OF DAYS O% MK 5% + MP 5% MK 5% + MP 10% MK 10% + MP 10% MK 10% + MP 15% 1 7 2.24 2.42 2.54 2.49 2.29 2 14 3.14 3.42 3.68 3.72 3.21 3 28 3.70 3.90 4.23 4.34 3.48 S.NO NO OF DAYS O% MK 5% + MP 5% MK 5% + MP 10% MK 10% + MP 10% MK 10% + MP 15% 1 7 19.54 20.41 22.58 21.62 17.26 2 14 24.65 25.22 25.73 24.51 20.35 3 28 26.39 27.93 28.02 27.34 23.97
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1429 Figure 6: Graph that the concrete replaced with Metakaoline a Marble dust 10%+10% Result: It is seen that from the Graph that the concrete replaced with Metakaoline a Marble dust 10% + 10 % has given Maximum strength which is 4.23 KN/M2 5. Conclusions 1. From the Test results we find that metakaoline and marble dust can be use for partial replacement in concrete. 2. The compressive strength of concrete is more at 10%+10% replacement of metakaoline and marble dust. 3. The Cylinder strength of concrete is more at 10%+10% replacement of metakaoline and marble dust. 4. Due to increase of percentages of metakaoline and marble dust the strength of the concrete is reducing. 5. Workability of concrete is also reducing due o increase in percentage of metakaoline and marble dust. 6. Strength and durability of concrete is increase 7. Eco-friendly by reducing of CO2 6. References 1. Abdullah Anwar et.al (2014): Study of Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder. Ird Indian ISSN (Print 2. Sanjay N. Patil et.al(2014): Metakaolin- Pozzolanic Material For Cement in High Strength Concrete . (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278- 1684, PP: 46-4. 3. J.M. Khatib et.al (2012): High Volume Metakaolin as Cement Replacement in Mortar. World Journal of Chemistry, ISSN 1817- 3128, © IDOSI Publications, DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wjc.2012.7.1.251. 4. Prof. P.A. Shirule et.al (2012) Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN2249– 8974 IJAERS/Vol. I/ Issue III/April-June, 2012/175-177. 5. B.B.Sabir et.al (2001)Metakaolin and calcined clays as pozzolanas for concrete:a review.Cement & concrete composites 23(2001) 441-454. [6] Hassan A. Mohamadien et.al (2012) The Effect of marble powder and silica fume as partial replacement for cement on mortar. ISSN 0976 – 4399, PP 418-428. 6. V. M. Sounthararajan and A. Sivakumar (2013) Effect of the lime content in marble powder for producing high strength concrete .ISSN 1819- 6608.PP 260-264. [8] Vaidevi C (2013) Study on marble dust as partial replacement of cement in concrete .ISSN 2319 – 7757.PP 14-16. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0% MK 5% +MP 5% MK 5% +MP 10% MK 10 % + MP 10% MK 10 % + MP 15% 7 days 14 days 28 days
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