treatment of water and distribution of water

1. BUILDING SERVICES-II
(PLUMBING)
AR. HENA TIWARI
ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR
GCAD (JAN-JULY
2018)
LECTURE-II
WATER SUPPLY

2. HOW WATER REACHES TO OUR
TAP… ???
Municipal corporations or municipalities are responsible for
providing public water systems which includes collection of
water from the source of supple, giving necessary treatment to
water to make it hygienically safe and potable and finally
distribution of water through a network of piping.
WATER SUPPLY
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE ??

3. COLLECTION
/INTAKE
WORKS
(Drawing water from
identified sources)
Provision of water
treatment plant.
Transmission of
water to the service
reservoir
Distribution of water
from service reservoir
to consumer end.
PURIFICATION/
TREATMENT
WORKS
DISTRIBUTION
WORKS
TRANSMISSION
WORKS

5. TREATMENT OF WATER
 Why water needs to get treated ??
 Usual impurities in water ??

6. Living organism
(bacteria, worms, microscopic plants etc.
Organic impurities
(suspended, colloidal and dissolved)
Inorganic impurities
(suspended, colloidal and dissolved)
CLASSIFICATION OF IMPURITIES

7. PURIFICATION OF WATER
AERATION SEDIMENTATION
COAGULATION
FILTRATION

8. AERATION
 Exchange of gases between water and atmosphere.

9.  Process of removing suspended impurities of water due
to gravity.
SEDIMENTATION

10.  Process of removing colloidal impurities of water.
 A coagulant is added to impure water which forms precipitate
with impurities.
COAGULATION

11. Process of filtering water through various filters.
 GRAVITY FILTERS ,
 PRESSURE FILTERS
FILTRATION

12. DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
 At Municipal level
 At domestic level

13. At Municipal level
Supply of water - :
1. Continuous system
2. Intermittent system
Layout of distribution pipes - :
 Grid iron method
 Radial method
 Dead End method
 Circular method

14. GRID IRON METHOD
It is suitable for well planned cities with rectangular layouts,
where the water mains and branches are laid in rectangles.

15. Advantages
 Water is kept in good circulation due to absence of
dead ends.
 Water is delivered at every point of distribution
system.
 In case of breakdown in some section water is available
from other direction.
Disadvantages
 The system requires longer lengths of pipes and thus
laying proves is expensive.

16.  This system is most suited for towns having radial roads.
 The area is divided into different zones.
 The water is pumped into the
distribution reservoir kept in the middle
of each zone.
 The supply pipes are laid rapidly ending
towards the periphery.
Advantages
 This provides quick water supply.
 Calculation of sizes of pipes is very simple.

17. Dead End Method
 This system is suitable for old towns or cities having no
different pattern of roads.
 The pipes are laid at random without following any grid
pattern.

18. DEAD END METHOD
Advantages
 Relatively cheap.
Disadvantages
 Due to too many dead ends in the system, chances of
contamination of water is increased.
 This does not permit free circulation of water.
 Pipes needs periodical cleaning.
 This system has limitations in case of fire and repair.

19. CIRCULAR OR RING METHOD- :
 The supply main is laid all along the peripheral
roads and sub mains branch out from the mains.
 This is reverse of radial system.
 The entire distribution area is further sub divided
into rectangular or circular blocks.
 On the periphery of these blocks sub-mains are laid
through which service connections are given to
consumers.

20. CIRCULAR OR
RING METHOD
Advantages
 This provides quick water supply.
 Calculation of sizes of pipes is very simple.
 Water can be supplied at any point from at least two