architecture

1. Lecture –I
Introduction
History of Architecture-III
Ar. Hena Tiwari
Assistant Professor
GCAD,Sonipat

2. Content
 Introduction to subject
 Syllabus
 Introduction to Indo-Islamic Architecture

3. Outcome:
Students will be able to get a glimpse of the teaching of the
semester and understand the basics of Islamic architecture
in context to India.

4.  Students are require to submit assignments at the end of every lecture. The
assignment should have SKETCHES (detailed) with the write up.
 Students are required to jot down the notes in the class.
 Every unit will follow a minor test and in the end of the semester there will
be a major test. (reff teaching programme from library.)
 No late submission will be accepted or marked.
 Maintain a separate notebook for the subject.
 75% of the attendance is compulsory. The students who will not adhere the
rule will be detained.
Notes (prior to lectures)

5. WHAT IS HISTORY?
IS IT PAST THAT WE CALL
HISTORY?
PAST
HISTORY

6. What we have studied so far ?
Ancient civilizations
Classical Greek & Roman
GREAT BATH, Mohenjo-DaroGRANARY, Harappa
PYRAMIDS, Egypt
SPHINX, Egypt
PARTHENON, Athens
COLOSSEUM, Rome
Indian Architecture
(Buddhist, jain, Hindu temples, etc. )
LINGRAJA TEMPLE
SANCHI STUPA
Early Christian Architecture
Romanesque Architecture
(15-16thcentury)
Santa Costanza, Rome
LEANING TOWER OF PISA
Gothic Architecture
NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS

7.  Indo-Islamic Architecture
 Architecture in Europe
(12th -18th Century)
(12th -18th Century)

8. Introduction to coming of Islam to
India and its architectural
implications.

9. ISLAM:
Islam is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Quran,
a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word
of God (Allah)
ISLAM means ‘submission to god’.
Youngest of the world’s religions professes its faith in ALLAH ,
the one god.
Year of birth : 622 AD
Founded by Prophet Muhammad

10. SPREAD OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE
BRIEF POLITICAL HISTORY
Prophet Muhammad
570 AD : Born
610 AD : Encountered with
Archangle Gabriel (messenger of the god)
622 AD : Birth of ISLAM (Hijri era).
632 AD : Died
633 AD : Abu Bakr
“First caliph of Islam”

11. Arabian invader
712 AD : Conquered Sindh
(first ‘Jauhar’ in Indian history)
SPREAD OF ISLAMIC EMPIRE IN INDIA
MUHAMMAD-BIN-
QASIM
MEHMOOD GHAZNI
998 AD : Occupied throne
1000 AD : began attacks towards India.
Invaded India seventeen times.
Seventeenth attack : Somnath temple, Gujarat.
MUHAMMAD-BIN-SAM (Muhammad of Ghor)
1173 AD : Occupied the throne
Two most significant battles :
1. 1191, Tarain , 19kms from Karnal
2. 1192, Prithvi Raj Chauhan

12. Fasting
during
Ramdan
(Sawm)
Pilgrimage
to the holy
city of
Mecca
(Hajj)
Pledging
the faith
(Shahadad)
Ritual
Prayer
(Salat)
Charity to
the poor
(Zakat) Principle
of
Islam

13. Origin of Indo-Islamic Architecture:
 The Muslim rulers were keen to invade India because:
o India was a rich region,
o Had a flourishing international trade
o Had the only known diamond mines in the world.
 This eventually led to the formation of the short lived Islamic
kingdom, The Delhi Sultanate over the northern subcontinent
which led to the formation of Muslim empires in the Indian
subcontinent.
 The first Indian mosque was supposedly
o built in 629 A.D
o Kerala

14. Architectural Implications:
The Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both
secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the
present day, influencing the design and construction of
buildings and structures in Islamic culture.
The principal Islamic architectural types are:
a.) Mosque
b.) Tomb
Jama Masjid in Delhi
Taj Mahal,Agrac.) Madrasa
d.) Sarai
Mughal Sarai, Shambhu,Punjab