introduction to water supply

2. BUILDING SERVICES-II
(PLUMBING)
AR. HENA TIWARI
ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR
GCAD (JAN-JULY
2018)
LECTURE-I
INTRODUCTION

3. ANY MAN-MADE STRUCTURE WITH A ROOF AND
WALLS, SUCH AS A HOUSE OR FACTORY ETC.
NOW EXPLAIN WHAT IS A BUILDING
WHAT ARE SERVICES?
A VALUABLE ACTION, DEED, OR EFFORT
PERFORMED TO SATISFY A NEED OR TO FULFIL A
DEMAND.
NOW COMBINE THW TWO WORDS
AND TRY TO THINK WHAT IS
BUILDING SERVICES???

4. WHAT IS BUILDING SERVICES?
 Imagine yourself in the fabulous building in the world. Now
take away the lighting, heating and ventilation, lifts , escalators,
acoustics, plumbing, power supply and energy management
systems, the security and safety systems...And you are left
with a cold, dark, uninhabitable shell.
 Everything inside a building which makes it safe and
comfortable to be in comes under the title of 'building
services'. A building must do what it was designed to do - not
just provide shelter but also be an environment where people
can live, work and achieve.

5.  Building services - deals with the provision of facilities to
buildings to make such buildings comfortable for human use.
 A building as a basic structure only offers protection against
adverse weather conditions, such as rainfall, snowfall,
sunshine, wind etc.
 For the convenience of the users of buildings, more is
required of this basic structure; these requirements include
among others toilet facilities, this brings up the need for
collection, transportation, disposal and treatment of waste.

6. TYPES OF BUILDING SERVICES
 Communication lines, telephones
and IT networks (ICT)
The utilities and services supplied and distributed within a
building generally related to the building environment like:
 Escalators and lifts
 Fire detection and protection
 Heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC)

7.  Lightning protection
 Low voltage (LV) systems, distribution boards and
switchgear
 Natural lighting and artificial lighting, and building
facades
 Ventilation and refrigeration
 Water, drainage and plumbing
 Security and alarm systems
 Energy supply - gas, electricity and renewable sources

8. INTENT OF SUBJECT
“Appreciating designing and layout of the water
supply, plumbing, drainage and sanitation of simple
buildings.”

9. CONTENT-AS PER UNIVERSITY
 UNIT I: Introduction ToWater Supply And Sanitation. Traditional Sources
Of Water Supply, Treatment Of Water,Transportation And Distribution At
Town Level. Classification Of Water Based On Its Usage. Rain Water
Harvesting
 UNIT II: Water Supply System: Fittings, Direct And Indirect Supply, Layout
And Sizes Of Pipes,Hot Water Supply, Storage
 UNIT III: Sewerage System: Systems, Fittings And Fixtures, Sizes And
Layout, SewageCollection, Sewage Treatment And Disposal At Town
Level.
 UNIT IV: Solid Waste Management, Environment Oriented Waste
Water Treatment, Rainwater (Storm Water)Drainage

10. WATER
Before continuing to study of water
supply and sanitation for a building,
we will first study the “Water” in
nature.

11. USES OF WATER IN
DAILY ACTIVITIES
 For drinking & cooking
 For bathing & washing
 For watering of lawns & gardens
 For heating & air conditioning systems
 Irrigation
 Fire fighting
 For recreation in swimming pools, fountains &
cascades.
 For stream power & various industrial processes

12.  The value of water supply is given as 150 to 200 litres per
head per day.
WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR
RESIDENCES
(AS PER NATIONAL BUILDING CODE)
 It maybe reduced to 135 litres per
head per day for houses for Lower
Income Groups (LIG) and
Economically Weaker Section of
society (EWS), depending upon
prevailing conditions.

13. WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS OTHER
THEN RESIDENCES
(AS PER NATIONAL BUILDING CODE)
1. Factories where bath rooms are
required - 45 litres per head.
2. Factories where no bath rooms are -
30 litres per head
3. Hospital (including laundry):
a) Number of beds not exceeding 100 - 340 litres per head
b) Number of beds exceeding 100- 450 litres per head
c) Nurses’ homes and medical quarters -135 litres per head

14. 5. Hostels -135 litres per head
6. Hotel (up to 4 star) - 180 litres per head
7. Hotel (5 star and above) - 320 litres per head
8. Offices - 45 litres per head
9. Restaurants - 70 litres per seat
10. Cinemas, concert halls and theatres - 15 litres per seat
11. Schools:
 Day schools - 45 litres per head
 Boarding schools - 135 litres per head

18. SOURCES OF WATER
 The origin of all sources of water is Rainfall.
 When precipitation occurs, part of it may evaporate and
return immediately to the atmosphere, a part of it may
infiltrate the soil and part of it may flow across the surface
of the ground.

20. SOURCES
GROUND
SPRINGS
SPRINGS ARTESIAN
INFILTRATION
GALLERIES
WELLS
SHALLOW ARTESIAN
SEMI ARTESIAN
FULLY
ARTESIAN
TUBE WELLS
SURFACE
STREAMS RIVERS

21.  SURFACE WATER - Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh
water wetland.
 It is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally
lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, and sub-
surface seepage.

22.  GROUND WATER - sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water
located in the pore space of soil and rocks.
 It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table.
Sometimes it is useful to make a distinction between subsurface
water that is closely associated with surface water and deep sub-
surface water in an aquifer (sometimes called "fossil water")

23.  DESALINATION- Desalination is an artificial process by which
saline water (generally sea water) is converted to fresh water.
The most common desalination processes are distillation and
reverse osmosis.
 FROZEN WATER - several
schemes have been proposed
to make use of icebergs as a
water source, however to
date this has only been done
for novelty purposes. Glacier
runoff is considered to be
surface water.

24.  The surface of earth consists of alternate layers of pervious and
impervious strata. The pervious layers are those through
which water can easily pass while it is not possible for water to
go through an impervious layer.

25.  Materials like sand, gravel and fissured limestone
are pervious layers and can hold water in them.
The pervious layers are known as Aquifers or water
bearing strata.
 Materials like un-fissured limestone and sandstone
are impervious i.e. they do not allow water to pass
through them thus contain no water.

26. Springs: A spring is any natural situation where water
flows from an aquifer to the earth's surface.
 Gravity Spring: These are formed when the underground
water-table gets exposed on the slopes of hills.

27.  Artesian spring: these are formed
under certain geological conditions.
The uninclined or basin shaped water
bearing strata (sandwiched between
two impervious strata) are exposed to
the surface on higher side in this
case.

28. 2. WELLS: A water well is an excavation or structure created in
the ground by Digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access
groundwater in underground aquifers.
The well water is
drawn by a pump,
or using
containers, such as
buckets, that are
raised mechanically
or by hand.

29. Infiltration Galleries: An infiltration galleries is a
horizontal conduit having permeable boundaries so
that ground water can infiltrate into the same.