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Geography M2 Drawing cross section
This document describes how to read and interpret contour lines on topographic maps. It contains the following key points: 1. Contour lines connect points of equal elevation and are used to depict the shape and elevation changes of landforms. 2. Cross-sections can be drawn from contour lines to show the side profile of landforms between two points. 3. The spacing and shapes of contour lines indicate different landforms - closely spaced lines indicate steep slopes while widely spaced lines show gentle slopes. Common landforms like hills, valleys, ridges and plateaus each have distinguishing contour patterns. 4. Interpreting contour lines allows describing the overall landscape and calculating elevation changes across an area. The document provides instructions
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Geography M2 Drawing cross section
- 1. Geography Module#2 Unit #2 Lesson #10 DESCRIBING LANDSCAPE ON TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS BEGIN
- 2. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Objectives As a result of this lesson, you will be able to 1. Define contour lines, relief, cross section 2. Calculate contour interval 3. Distinguish between landforms with similar contour patterns 4. Describe landforms through the reading of contours 5. Describe entire landscape through reading of contours 6. Draw cross sections 7. Recognize the importance of interpreting relief on topographic maps 2
- 3. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Introduction Contour lines are used on topographical maps to show how the height and shape of land changes. They are also used to draw cross sections which give a side view of landforms. This presentation demonstrates how cross sections are drawn. Contour patterns are also used to identify different landforms. This presentation will show you various contour patterns and the features they represent. 3
- 4. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps What are contour lines? Contour lines are lines drawn on topographic maps joining places of equal height above sea level. On topographical maps contour lines are the brown lines with the values written in the gaps within the line. Click on the map for a larger version. Contour lines 4
- 5. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Here are contour lines. Contour lines are lines drawn on topographic maps joining places of equal height above sea level. 5
- 6. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Contour Lines On topographical maps contour lines are the brown lines with the values written in the gaps within the line. 6
- 7. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Contour interval or vertical interval Contour interval is the difference in height between one contour line and the next. The vertical interval for this map is 100 metres. 7
- 8. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Cross Sections Contour lines are used to draw cross sections. A cross section is a side view of an area or feature. Cross sections help us to visualize an area. 8
- 9. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Drawing Cross Sections 9 Before you begin to draw a cross section imagine yourself walking or driving across the area. You can do this by reading the contours. Watch the animation below.
- 10. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Drawing Cross Sections 1. Identify the two points between which you want to draw the cross section. 2. Draw a line to connect the two points. 10 X Y
- 11. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Drawing Cross Sections 3. Lay edge of plain sheet of paper along the line and mark starting point and end point. 4. Mark and attach value to each contour line that touches the edge of the paper 11
- 12. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Drawing Cross Sections 5. Plot points on a graph paper. 6. Distance on horizontal axis and height on vertical axis. 7. Join the dots to see the shape of the land 12
- 13. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Drawing Cross Sections 8. Enclose the cross section. 9. Shade the area. 10. Label the cross section. 11. Give it a title. 12. Include the horizontal scale and vertical scale. 13
- 14. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Slopes on a Topographical Map A steep slope or a scarp slope is shown by contours that are close together. 14 Steep slope
- 15. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Slopes on a Topographical Map 15 A gentle slope or a dip slope is shown by contours that are far apart. Gentle slope
- 16. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographic Map Co nicalHill 16 Conical Hill - Contour Pattern Conical Hill Conical hills are so called because they are shaped like cones and taper to a point. The space within the innermost contour is small.
- 17. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Round -topped Hill 17 A round –topped hill is represented by concentric contour lines with increasing values toward the centre. The outer contours are not always circular. The space within the innermost contour is comparatively large. Round-topped Hill Contour Pattern Round-topped Hill Contour Pattern Round-topped HillRound-topped Hill
- 18. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Flat -topped Hill 18 Flat-topped Hill ContourPattern Flat-topped Hill ContourPattern Flat-topped HillFlat-topped Hill The innermost (highest) contour line encloses a wide space. The contours are not usually circular.
- 19. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Plateau A plateau is a large highland area with an almost flat top. 19
- 20. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Ridge A ridge is a long narrow strip of highland. Contours are elongated, almost parallel. 20
- 21. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Valley 21 A valley is a lowland between two highlands. Contour lines point to higher land.
- 22. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Gorge 22 A ravine is a very narrow steep-sided valley. The contours are very close together. A very deep ravine is called a gorge.
- 23. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Matching Exercise - 1 23 Click on the contour pattern that matches the picture on the left. The correct answer will be highlighted in green and chime heard.
- 24. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Matching Exercise - 2 24 Click on the contour pattern that matches the picture on the left. The correct answer will be highlighted in green and a chime heard.
- 25. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Feedback - Matching Exercise 25
- 26. ObjectivesObjectives What are contour lines? Whatare contour lines? ContourIntervalContour Interval Cross SectionsCross Sections Drawing Cross Sections Drawing Cross Sections QuizQuiz IntroductionIntroduction Slopes on Topographical Maps Slopes on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps Landforms on Topographical Maps End of Quiz You have reached the end of the quiz. If you wish to review this lesson, go to the first slide. If you have finished viewing the lesson, click the Close (X) button. 26
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