Constructivism is a learning theory that suggests learners actively construct knowledge from their experiences through sensory input. There are two main types: cognitive constructivism focuses on individual internal construction of knowledge based on Piaget's theory, while social constructivism sees knowledge as initially shared and based on Vygotsky's view that learning is social. Key principles of constructivism are that learners construct their own meanings, new learning builds on prior knowledge, and learning is enhanced through social interaction and authentic tasks.

1. CONSTRUCTIVISMCONSTRUCTIVISM
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIALINDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL
Submitted by PHYSICAL SCIENCESubmitted by PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Roshin AnieRoshin Anie
RoyRoy

2. OUR SINCERE THANKS TO OUR TEACHERS
Dr .Giby Geevarughese
Dr.Ancy A.S

3. CONSTRUCTIVISMCONSTRUCTIVISM
Constructivism suggests that the learner is much
more actively involved in a joint enterprise with
the teacher of creating (“constructivism”) new
meanings.
The theory of constructivism suggests that the
learners construct knowledge out of their
experiences.

4. CONSTRUCTIVISMCONSTRUCTIVISM
- A Learning Theory- A Learning Theory
 Learning is an active process in which a learner uses
sensory input and constructs meaning out of it.
 People learn to learn as they learn.
 The crucial action of constructing meaning is mental.
 Learning involves language.
 Learning is a social activity.
 Learning is contextual.
 One needs knowledge to learn.
 It takes time to learn.
 Motivation is a key component in learning.

5. TYPES OF CONSTRUCTIVISMTYPES OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
• Cognitive Constructivism.
or
Individual Constructivism.
• Social Constructivism.

6. COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISMCOGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM
• Cognitive constructivism also called as individual
constructivism emphasizes on individual, internal
construction of knowledge.
• Largely based on Piaget’s theory.
• Learners should be allowed to discover principles
through their own exploration rather than direct
instruction by the teacher.

7. COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM –COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM –
Classroom ProcessClassroom Process
COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM-
classroom process
Goes through
experience
Goes through
experience
Attains the
concepts
Evaluates and
feed back
Jointly decide
the content data
Learner
Teacher

8. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISMSOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
• Knowledge exits in a social context and is
initially shared with others instead of being
represented solely in the mind of an individual.
• Based on Vygotsky’s theory.

9. SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM –SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM –
Classroom ProcessClassroom Process
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM-
classroom process
Principles in
activities &
discussion/ debate
Jointly decide the
content and
learning activities
Intervention
&
scaffolding
Intervention
& scaffolding
Evaluation
& feed back
Learner
Teacher
Activities
&
discussion
Activities
&
discussion
Attain the
concept

10. PRINCIPLES OFPRINCIPLES OF
CONSTRUCTIVISMCONSTRUCTIVISM
 Learners construct their own meaning.
 New learning builds on prior knowledge.
 Learning enhanced by social interaction.
 Meaningful learning develops through authentic
task.

11. LEARNING IMPACTS OFLEARNING IMPACTS OF
CONSTRUCTIVISMCONSTRUCTIVISM
• Curriculum : Constructivism calls for the elimination
of a standardized curriculum.
• Instruction : Teacher rely heavily on open ended
questions and promote extensive dialogue among
students.
• Assessment : Constructivism calls for the elimination
of grades and standardized testing.

12. FOUR EPISTEMOLOGICALFOUR EPISTEMOLOGICAL
ASSUMPTIONASSUMPTION
• Knowledge is PHYSICALLY constructed.
• Knowledge is SYMBOLICALLY constructed.
• Knowledge is SOCIALLY constructed.
• Knowledge is THEORETICALLY constructed.

13. CONSTRUCTIVISMCONSTRUCTIVISM
LEARNING DESIGNLEARNING DESIGN
» SITUATION
» GROUPING
» BRIDGE
» QUESTION
» EXHIBIT
» REFLECTION

14. ~ Physical Science Option