Bruner’s theory attaches importance to the prior knowledge of the students. Due to this, the ideas of scientific principles are also given importance in education. It develops the Logical Thinking of the students.
On the basis of this, the memory and imagination power of the students are developed. It provides opportunities for the students to come to a conclusion by doing activities on their own. Due to this, creativity skills are developed in the students.
These ideas of Bruner are given an important place in the education world.
This psychological theory of learning is a good way to make the present modern teaching-learning process effective.
Continuous and Comprehensive EvaluationS. Raj Kumar
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation(CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students’ development.
It is a developmental process 0f assessment which emphasizes on two fold objectives.
Continuous and Comprehensive EvaluationS. Raj Kumar
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation(CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students’ development.
It is a developmental process 0f assessment which emphasizes on two fold objectives.
This model guides teachers to go to the depth of the content. And helps students to attain new concepts. So the model has a great attribute on teaching -learning process.
Instructional Technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.
Dalton plan is a very interesting method in teaching Mathematics and other science subjects. I think this is the best method that we can use in schools to teach all type of students. Because this method encourages self paced learning. It increases the confidence level of students and make them self reliable.
this presentation consist the four stages of teaching or you can also called the elements of teaching process. which contain Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, Reflection.
1. Understand the basic premises of subject/discipline
2. Understand the need for classification of human knowledge
3. Know required basic competencies for effective transaction of knowledge
4. Know how to enhance knowledge of the discipline
5. Importance of research for advancement of subject/discipline
Concept and Definitions of Creativity, nature of Creativity, Stages of Creativity, Elements of Creativity, Characteristics of Creativity and creative child, role of Teachers in fostering Creativity.
This model guides teachers to go to the depth of the content. And helps students to attain new concepts. So the model has a great attribute on teaching -learning process.
Instructional Technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.
Dalton plan is a very interesting method in teaching Mathematics and other science subjects. I think this is the best method that we can use in schools to teach all type of students. Because this method encourages self paced learning. It increases the confidence level of students and make them self reliable.
this presentation consist the four stages of teaching or you can also called the elements of teaching process. which contain Planning, Implementation, Evaluation, Reflection.
1. Understand the basic premises of subject/discipline
2. Understand the need for classification of human knowledge
3. Know required basic competencies for effective transaction of knowledge
4. Know how to enhance knowledge of the discipline
5. Importance of research for advancement of subject/discipline
Concept and Definitions of Creativity, nature of Creativity, Stages of Creativity, Elements of Creativity, Characteristics of Creativity and creative child, role of Teachers in fostering Creativity.
J. BRUNER’s THEORY OF LEARNING PROCESS.pptxDrHafizKosar
Principles of J. Bruner Theory
1. Instruction must be concerned with the experiences and contexts that make the student willing and able to learn (readiness).
2. Instruction must be structured so that it can be easily grasped by the student (spiral organization).
3. Instruction should be designed to facilitate extrapolation and or fill in the gaps (going beyond the information given).
J. Bruner Theory
(i). Bruner's theoretical framework is based on the theme that learning is an active process and learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon existing knowledge.
(ii). Facets of the process include selection and transformation of information, decision making, generating hypotheses, and making meaning from information and experiences.
(iii). Cognitive structure (i.e., schema, mental models) provides meaning and organization to experiences and allows the individual to "go beyond the information given".
(iv). Bruner believed that intuitive and analytical thinking should both be encouraged and rewarded.
(v). He believed the intuitive skills were under-emphasized and he reflected on the ability of experts in every field to make spontaneous bound.
(vi). Bruner believed that intuitive and analytical thinking should both be encouraged and rewarded.
Features of J. Bruner's theory of Instruction
1. Tendency towards learning
2. The ways in which a body of knowledge can be structured so that itcan be most readily grasped by the learner,
3. The most effective sequences in which to present material.
4. The nature and pacing of rewards and punishments.
Cognitive Development
Like Piaget, Bruner believed in stages of instruction based on development.
Enactive (birth to age 3)
Iconic (age 3 to 8)
Symbolic (from age 8)
In the realm of educational psychology, Burner's Constructivist Theory stands as a beacon of innovation and enlightenment. This presentation script delves into the depths of this compelling theory, shedding light on its core principles, implications, and significance in the world of education.
*Introduction:*
The opening section provides an overview of Burner's Constructivist Theory and sets the stage for an in-depth exploration. It briefly touches on the historical context and the pivotal role this theory plays in shaping contemporary educational practices.
*Understanding Constructivism:*
To grasp the essence of Burner's theory, we start by elucidating the concept of constructivism. It highlights how learners actively construct knowledge through their experiences, a fundamental premise upon which Burner's theory is built.
*Burner's Contributions:*
This segment is dedicated to unraveling Burner's unique contributions to the constructivist framework. We'll explore how he expanded upon the ideas of renowned theorists like Piaget and Vygotsky, refining and enhancing the constructivist perspective.
*Core Principles:*
The heart of Burner's Constructivist Theory lies in its core principles. We dissect these principles, including the learner's active role, the importance of prior knowledge, and the role of social interaction in learning. Each principle is expounded upon with practical examples.
*Applications in Education:*
One of the most critical aspects of Burner's theory is its real-world applications. This section demonstrates how educators can implement Burner's Constructivist Theory in the classroom. It explores the concept of scaffolding, problem-based learning, and the role of the teacher as a facilitator.
*Implications for Teaching and Learning:*
The presentation script delves into the profound implications of Burner's theory for both teachers and learners. We explore how it shapes pedagogical methods, assessment strategies, and curriculum design, fostering a deeper understanding of the learning process.
*Case Studies:*
To illustrate the theory in action, we examine real-life case studies from educational settings where Burner's Constructivist Theory has been successfully applied. These examples provide a tangible demonstration of its effectiveness.
*Conclusion:*
In the concluding section, we reflect on the significance of Burner's Constructivist Theory in modern education. It emphasizes the need for educators to embrace a learner-centered approach and adapt to the ever-evolving educational landscape.
The term “Schema” was first used in psychology and was defined as “an active organization of past reactions or experiences”. A Schemata is a generalized description or a conceptual system for understanding knowledge-how knowledge is represented and how it is used.
Culture gives information that can serve to explain why people behave in a certain way. Culture will help us to understand the reasons behind people’s behaviours. The culture into which a child is born acts in more fundamental ways as the means of knowing. As knowing is a meaning making process the meanings to the concepts are provided by the language of the society and the cultural context. Language is a good indicator of how a culture is.
Relative Roles of Knower and the Known in knowledge transmission and construc...Kshetrimayum Sajina Devi
Knowledge creation involves systematisation of various facts through dynamic interaction between individuals and the environment. The capability to increase and utilize the knowledge is considered most advantageous to an individual. The process of knowing is a personalised individual task that is influenced by experience and unintentional contextual cues.
It helps in developing the power of expression of the students.
It is help to ascertain the personal difficulties of the students.
It provide a check on preparation of assignments.
It can be used by teacher to maintain discipline in class.
It is used to promote thinking skill of the student.
It is used to draw attention in the class.
The process of knowing is explicate and explains to a large extent the meaning and also the nature of knowledge. Knowing happens through perception, reason, emotion, and codification.
Knowledge is an organized set of statement of fact or ideas, presenting a reasoned judgment or an experimental result, which is transmitted to others through some communication medium is some systematic form. Knowledge consists of new judgments (Research and Scholarship) or presentation of older judgments as exemplified in text books, teaching and learning and collected as library and archival material
Knowledge construction is a dialectical process, which involves systematisation of various facts through dynamic interactions between individuals and the environment. Knowledge creation is a spiral that goes through seemingly opposing concepts such as order and chaos, micro-macro, part-whole, mind and body, tacit and explicit, deduction and induction, and creativity-efficiency. There is need to understand that knowledge creation is a transcending process through which entities (individuals, groups, and institutions) go beyond the boundary of the old into a self-acquiring new knowledge. Learners work with their knowledge such that they link their new knowledge to their existing knowledgebase.
Inquiry-based learning is a learning and teaching approach that emphasizes students’ questions, ideas and observations. Instructors actively encourage students to share their thoughts and to respectfully challenge, test and redefine ideas. With inquiry-based learning, instructors and students share responsibility for learning.
Inductive and deductive method of teaching
It is generally starts from the specific to general. This method is generally known as Statistical Method, Scientific Methods and Empirical Method It quite popular method for framing generalisation. In this method we proceed from Known/ Concrete to Unknown/ Abstract
Different Facets of Knowledge and Relationship between Local
Information or knowledge limited to a state or community or to a fixed area is called
local knowledge.
Knowledge accepted by all the people of the world and is common to all is referred to as universal knowledge.
Differences Between Information, Knowledge, Belief and Truth
The term information is generally described as the structured, organized and processed data, presented with the context, which makes it relevant and useful to the person who wants it. When raw data turn out to be meaningful after conversion it is known as information. It is something that informs in essence
Concrete knowledge is as the name suggests. It involves only those things, which are visible to the human eye and are obvious to anybody looking at them. Concrete knowledge is empirical knowledge gained by one’s own experience and observation. Sensory organs are the gateway of knowledge, with the help of which a child perceives by seeing, smelling, hearing, and touching. Such knowledge is called concrete knowledge.
Abstract knowledge can be explained as the manner of thinking, and its concentration is on conceptualisation or generalisation. Abstract knowledge involves the much deeper, wider, and multitude of meanings of a single concept or idea, which can arouse other issues that were never seen or discussed before.
Discussion as a tool for learning - Discussion is often use in classroom. It promotes creativity as well as generate meaningful interaction and understanding for the learner.
Questioning skills helps in having successful relationship between the teachers and students and it will help to gain more information in the teaching learning process.
Analytical approaches to NEP 2020 Teacher Education -
A detail analysis on the NEP 2020 programme for Teacher Education to understand by the reader about the programme
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. • Bruner’s Theory of Cognitive Development: Bruner’s Theory consists
of supporting elements in the learning of students.
• This theory has presented the ideas related to the learning of the
students. These principles of Bruner are also known as the Theory of
Learning.
• Bruner (1915–2016) was an American psychologist. He made his
place famous in psychology through his thoughts.
• In this article, we will learn what is Brunner’s theory of cognitive
development?
3. • What is Bruner’s theory of cognitive development
• Bruner defined the theory of learning in three elements. In which he said that
one or three elements should be included in the education system for the
students to learn in the classroom.
• These three elements of Bruner’s theory are as follows-
• 1. Enactive – It is action-based learning. In which the student tries to understand
the objects by doing action and starts establishing the reactions from that object
in the form of memory and characteristics in his mind.
• For example, if give a toy to a child. You see them doing different types of actions
with it. For example, putting it in the mouth or looking at it by rotating it.
• This type of learning is more active in the 0 to 3 years of the students. Under this,
the student tries to learn things on the basis of action-reaction. Due to this, his
memory starts to develop.
• 2. Iconic – In this, the child starts imbibing the characteristics of an object on the
basis of its size, color, etc.
4. • This learning process is more active mainly from 3 to 7 years. In this, the
student is motivated to learn by watching instead of doing an action.
• For example, at this age, students have to show a picture of an object to
remember it. For example, kites, apples, ships etc.
• 3. Symbolic – Under this, the student begins to identify an audio-video or
an object as a sign.
• At this stage, students start learning something on the basis of language
signs.
• For example, if a child is told a lion, then after seeing its picture in his
mind, he feels it and starts accepting the thoughts related to it. In this,
students can easily be taught by giving lectures.
•
5. • Features of Bruner’s theory
• Bruner was a psychologist. He developed the sources of learning related to the students
and expressed certain ideas in the learning of his students.
• Which we can understand in terms of its characteristics as follows:
• Bruner also gives important place to the prior knowledge of the students through this
theory. According to them, the cognitive development of the student is sequence based.
• Bruner also emphasizes on the principle of reinforcement for learning. Such as rewards
and punishments etc.
• According to this, students begin to learn and understand things through their natural
actions and development.
• According to this theory, students try to understand something by using their own
knowledge. Due to which this theory of Bruner is also called Discovery Learning.
• According to them, learning of a topic should be done by taking the students from the
known to the unknown.
6. • Importance of Bruner’s Theory
• Bruner’s theory attaches importance to the prior knowledge of the
students. Due to this, the ideas of scientific principles are also given
importance in education. It develops the Logical Thinking of the students.
• On the basis of this, the memory and imagination power of the students
are developed. It provides opportunities for the students to come to a
conclusion by doing activities on their own. Due to this, creativity skills are
developed in the students.
• These ideas of Bruner are given an important place in the education world.
• This psychological theory of learning is a good way to make the present
modern teaching-learning process effective.
7. • Burner Theory and Vygotsky Theory
• Both Bruner and Vygotsky consider the social environment essential for
learning. Both thinkers emphasize the principle of imitation.
• According to them, students observe the actions of other people and get
experience and knowledge from them.
• Both accept scaffolding learning ideas. According to which the student
always acquires some knowledge with the help of someone.
• According to the students are able to acquire knowledge naturally but they
need proper guidelines based on which the student completes the learning
process.
• There are many similarities between Bruner’s theory and Vygotsky’s
theory. Both give the main place to the natural environment for the
education of the students