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Psychologys- PPT-Tutorial-Anitha Menezes
- 1. SUBMITTED TO, DR. HS SOWMYA ASST. PROFESSOR DOS IN EDUCATION SUBMITTED BY ANITHA SHANTHI MENEZES I YEAR M.ED DOS IN EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MYSORE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATON MANASA GANGOTHRI TUTORIAL SUBJECT: Psychology of Learning and Development TOPIC: Psychological Perspectives on Constructivism – Concept and Principles of Learning, Educational Implications
- 2. Constructivism isa perspective of Learning. Focuses on how students construct knowledge Constructivism is a Cognitive theory It has significant effect on the education field. It makes traditional teaching thought change thoroughly Generating a deep effect on teaching practice.
- 3. • The studentsare urged to be actively involved in their own process of learning. • Teacher – is a facilitator who- * coaches *mediates *prompts * helps
- 4. “To helpstudents become the masters of their own learning by supporting the progressive acquisition of the capacity to self- regulate learning.”
- 5. The firstwho contribute a lot to the development of constructivism thought and apply it to classes and students’ learning and development are Dewey, Piaget, and Vygotsky.
- 6. Dewey advancesthe experimental learning theory, emphasizing on the generation and reform of experiences.
- 7. Switzerland Famouspsychologist Piaget the forerunner of modern constructivism. In 1972 Piaget puts forward the concepts of “assimilation” and “conformability”. In his opinion, the recognition means the subject affects the object by his unique recognition structure, achieving a balance between the subject and the object. Based on psychological ideas, Piaget thinks that all knowledge has the external origin and students’ cognitive development is actualized naturally in the process of receiving knowledge.
- 8. Psychologist Vygotskyfounds the base for the formation of modern constructivism. According to his idea, learning is a social construction. Individual learning is under certain history and social background.
- 9. Knowledge isConstructed Learning is an active process New learning is influenced by past experiences Knowledge is personal Knowledge is a subjective representation of reality Learning should be interactive.
- 10. 1. Knowledge isConstructed * Here Learners build new knowledge upon the foundations of previous learning. • New information is linked to prior knowledge. • knowledge of a particular topic takes on new meanings every time it is applied in a new situation .
- 11. Example Biology- A classic example of a misconception, students often believe that seasons change based on the earth’s proximity to the sun. In reality, seasons change as the earth tilts toward or away from the sun at different times of the year. To counter this misconception, an instructor implements a Think-Pair-Share activity. First, she asks students what causes the seasons, in order to assess their prior knowledge and potential misconceptions. Students then pair with a partner to discuss answers and share as a class. The instructor then presents a well-organized lesson on this topic directly addressing the misconception. Students again pair and explain the seasons. Students harboring the misconception may experience cognitive dissonance during the activity as they learn. Further activities continue to restructure and confirm their knowledge.
- 13. Active ratherthan passive Learners construct meaning through active engagement and interaction with the world around them. Information can be passively received…but Actual understanding comes from making meaningful connections between prior and new knowledge.
- 14. Learner isnot a blank state but has experience and knowledge of the past. New learning is shaped by past experiences and mental models. Here learning is a process of continuously adjusting one’s mental models to accommodate new experiences. The culture and the environment of the learner in which grows up influences very much.
- 16. Learning isunique because, everyone has different experiences and perceptions Individuals, experience life differently based on numerous physiological and emotional factors. So the same information experienced by different people may result in different learning for each individual.
- 17. Basically learnerscreate their own perceptions of the world. Continue to update their own mental models to the new information And construct their own interpretation of reality.
- 18. -To promotea higher level of understanding. -interacting with others allows to share and challenge ideas.
- 19. Provide complexlearning environment Provide for social negotiation as an integral part of learning Juxtapose( place or deal with for contrasting effect) instructional content Nurture reflexivity Emphasize student centered instruction
- 20. To implementconstructivism in the class room, BSCS has defined a proper model Five ‘E’ model Engage Explore Explain Elaborate Evaluate
- 21. Students encounterwith the lesson topic Begin to make connections between previous knowledge and the present learning experiences. Teacher– asks questions, presents a problem or facilitates some discussion
- 22. Students- directlyexplore the topic and related materials Work independently or in groups Teacher- is a facilitator -provides materials and guidance -allows students to guide their inquiry
- 23. Student- beginsto put the experience of the activity into a communicable form. Communication- with the learner, with peer Or with teacher Teacher – explains, which can aid learners with acquiring and using language to articulate learning.
- 24. Students- expandthe concepts learnt Make connections to other related concepts Apply their understandings to their world
- 25. Its anongoing process of assessing student’s understanding and knowledge of concepts It’s done to determine whether learning objectives have been met. It’s done by posing questions, or listening to conversation during the group activity In formal way done- through a test, report pr prepared presentation. Tools such as rubrics and checklists can be helpful.
- 26. 1. Reformthe teaching views 2. emphasize on cooperation and communication 3. Student’s previous knowledge, experiences, thinking mode, learning habits and methods are the start for teaching. 4. Teaching should be changed from authoritative conducting to equal association and communication. 5. Create a better teaching enviornment
- 27. Constructivism teachingtheory advances many new thoughts and views -Subjectivity and objectivity of knowledge -transfer and construction of knowledge -teachers guidance and students as the center _ applying relevant theory to basic education teaching properly.