Constructivism is a learning theory that explains how humans construct meaning from their experiences. It emphasizes that knowledge is constructed either individually or through social interactions and experiences. According to constructivism, learning depends on prior knowledge, is facilitated through social interactions, and occurs through meaningful real-world tasks. Concepts are ways of categorizing objects or events and can be represented as feature lists, prototypes, or exemplars. Effective concept learning involves providing clear definitions, examples, and opportunities for learners to identify and apply concepts on their own.

1. CONSTRUCTIVISM:
Knowledge Construction / Concept
Learning

2. Constructivism
- is a type of learning theory that explains
human learning as an active attempt to
construct meaning in the world around us.

3. Individual Constructivism
It emphasizes individual, internal construction
of knowledge

4. Social Constructivism
It emphasizes that “Knowledge exist in a social context and
initially shared with others instead of being represented solely
in the mind of the individual

6. Characteristics of Constructivism
-Eggen and Kauchak

7. 1.Learners construct understanding
2.New learning depends on current understanding
3.Learning is facilitated by social interaction
4.Meaningful learning occurs within authentic learning
task

8. CONCEPT
-is a way of grouping or categorizing objects or events in our
mind
Concepts as feature list
-learning a concept involves learning specific features that
characterize positive instance of the concept
a. Defining Feature
- is a characteristic present in ALL instances

9. b. Correlational Feature
-is one that is present in many instances but not essential for
concept membership
Concepts as Prototype
-is an idea or a visual image of a typical example
Concepts as Exemplars
-represent a variety of examples

10. Making Concept-Learning Effective
1. Provide a clear definition of the concept
2. Make the defining features very concrete and
prominent
3. Give a variety of positive instances
4. Give negative instances
5. Cite a “ best example” or a prototype
6. Provide opportunity for learners to identify
positive and negative instances
7. Ask learners to think of their own example of the
concept
8. Point out how concepts can be related to each
other

11. Scheme and Script
Scheme
-is an organized body of knowledge
about something
Script
- is a schema that includes a series of
predictable events about a specific activity

12. Applying Constructivism in
facilitating Learning
*Aim to make learners understand a few key ideas in an in-depth
manner, rather than taking up so many topics superficially.
*Give varied examples
* Provide opportunities for experimentation
*Provide lots of opportunities for quality interaction
*Have lots of hands-on activities
*Relate your topic to real life situations
*Do not depend o the explanation method all the time

13. Adrian P. Miranda
BSED-1C
Facilitating Learning