1. B L O C K W O R K
B U I L D I N G T E C H N O L O G Y
2. C O N T E N T S
I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.1 Introduction to IBS system
1.2 Types of IBS in Malaysia
1.3 Standard Workflow IBS System
1.4 Malaysia Blockwork System
1.5 Case Study
C O N C E P T O F F R A M E W O R K
2.1 Propose IBS System
2.2 Construction Sequences
T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.1 Foundation
3.2 Slab
3.3 Plans
3.4 Block Work Plans
3.5 Roof Plans
3.6 Elevations
3.7 Sections
3.8 Axonometric
S C H E D U L E O F I B S C O M P O N E N T S
4.1 Door
4.2 Windows
4.3 Block Components
4.4 Slab
4.5 Roof Truss Components
4.6 Staircase Components
C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L
& P R O C E S S
5.1 Strip Footing
5.2 Blockwork System
5.3 Slab System
5.4 Staircase System
5.5 Roof truss System
5.6 Windows System
I B S C A L C U L A T I O N
C O N C L U S I O N S
R E F E R E N C E S
3. I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.1 Introduction to IBS system
Industrialized Building System (IBS) is a construction technique whereby building components are manufactured in factories then transported and assembled into a structure
with limited on site work. The benefits of IBS are clear and eminent as it allows for building to be constructed in a shorter time span and with greatly reduced activities at the con-
struction site, which in turn provides tremendous cost savings to the builders. Furthermore, The IBS construction method can reduce wastage of resources besides providing
good quality results for consumers.
The use of IBS in Malaysia started in 1963. However, although it has been four decades since the introduction of IBS in Malaysia, the application and adoption of this method in
the local construction industry, particularly in the private sector, is still relatively low compared to the developed countries. This was despite the perennial problems besetting
traditional construction methods which include: time delay, Â cost overrun, and waste generation.
the government started major projects using the IBS system in 1964. Their main objective was to accelerate the completion of the projects on time besides being able to con-
struct affordable housing units of substantial quality. Projects along the Jalan Pekeliling (figure 1.1a) high rise apartment, Kuala Lumpur which were as wide as 22.7 acres includ-
ed the construction of 7 blocks of flats of 17-storeys each encompassing 3,000 low-cost flats and 40 shop lots.Other megastructure projects that involved using industrialised
building system such as Petronas Twin Tower( figure 1.1.b) and Bukit Jalil Sport Complex(figure 1.1.c)
01
4. I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.2 Types of IBS in Malaysia
Precast Concrete System
Precast concrete system is the group that is most
widely used in the IBS system. The form of the con-
crete usually prepared, cast and cured off-site Pre-
cast concrete elements can be joined to other ele-
ments to form a complete structure.
Timber Framing System
This system involves prefabricated timber truss
beams and columns. Most of the products listed in
this category are wooden building frames and roof
trusses. It is quite popular and widely applicable as
it provides attractive designs and has high aesthetic
values.
Block work System
Blocks work system exists as one of the type of IBS
because of the revolutionary of construction method
of using conventional bricks with the usage of inter-
locking concrete masonry units (CMU) and light-
weight concrete blocks.
Innovative System
This is the latest IBS type which incorporates vari-
ous “green” elements, which are considered innova-
tive in the industry. An example of the innovation is
the mixture of two elements such as polystyrene
and concrete, to produce IBS components for use in
the construction of a wall which has better heat
insulation properties.
Steel Framing System
Steel Framing System consists of load-bearing and
non-load bearing wall system, composite floor slab
construction that built with a series of high tensile
galvanised cold formed c-sections as well as portal
frame system.
Steel Formwork System
Identified as one of the least prefabricated types of
the IBS, it generally involves concrete at the con-
struction site and high quality control. This includes
the "tunnel form", the"lilt-up" beam system, "mould-
ing form" columns and a permanent steel mould.
02
5. I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.3 Standard Workflow IBS System
Design Consideration
The important components that needs to
be given consideration in the process of
production and assembly of any buildings
using IBS. Its components are initially
design according to Malaysia stan-
dards(1064) to reduce customising cost
and time.
Production Line
Building Materials are manufactured and
produced in specification or standardise
dimension with proper quality control in
factories. It minimises waste of materials
of product on site.
Transportation Materials
IBS manufacture components are prefab-
ricated and deliver to the site according to
the amount and specification needed.
The time efficient of labour work reduce
due to the manufacturing and delivering
period.
Assembling and Completion
The materials and components are direct-
ly assemble and position onto the struc-
ture building with guidance from profes-
sionals. The completion of the building is
then plastered and coated according to
specification of the schedule.
03
6. I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.4 Malaysia Blockwork System
Type of Blockwork System in Malaysia Manufacturing Process
The construction method of using conventional bricks has been revolutionised by the development and usage of interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight con-
crete blocks. The blocks are commonly produced by hydraulic machinery which presses them in the steel moulds with the presence of vibration to compact the blocks. The Pres-
ent of Blockwork methods are greatly simplified with reinforcement methods such as steel rods that are embedded inside the block and with the use of steel plate, bolts and nuts
placed on the top of the blocks to make the blocks fixed in position.
Advantages
- The casting of concrete can be done in the working site which makes it economi-
cal.
-The presence of dead air trapped in the cavities of CMU provides natural thermal
insulation.
-CMU makes a building fire-safe due to its noncombustible nature.
-Ingredients of Blockwork materials are easily available in most places.
Advantages Disadvantages
- Compared to other binding materials, the tensile strength of concrete is relatively
low.
- Rise in labour cost work with the increase workforce due to the construction meth-
ods.
- Does not has high compressive strength and weak without reinforcement or rebar
install.
- Concrete may contains soluble salts. Soluble salts cause efflorescence.
Concrete Block Unit
A concrete block is
sometimes known as
concrete masonry
unit (CMU), they can
be solid or hollow and
is available in many
shapes and sizes.
Concrete Blocks are
used for engineering
and architectural
purposes.
Lightweight Block
A lightweight con-
crete block is an
engineering control
that may help reduce
heavy lifting and
carrying. The light-
weight concrete
block is a concrete
masonry unit (CMU)
made of expanded
aggregate to reduce
the density and
weight
Interlocking Block
Interlocking brick is
more convenient for
builders without
experience and skill
set is not a constraint
for this material,
many developing
countries in south-
east asia (SEA) such
as Cambodia, Viet-
nam are popular due
to its workability and
low cost.
Ventilation Block
Ventilation Blocks
promote natural light-
ing and ventilation at
any commercial or
residential project. It
is often used for the
construction of wall
features, screen
walls, partitions for
building facades,
stairwells and
multi-level car parks.
Mixing
After the materials
are measured, they
are dumped into the
mixer to process.
Molding
Then batch of materi-
als are pour into the
molding machine and
compress to its
shape.
Curing
The pallets are then
moved to carts which
travel into a low-pres-
sure steam kiln which
are then to be
heated.
Cubing and Storing
When curing is com-
plete, They move on
to our cubing system
which stacks the
blocks on a wood
pallet.
04
7. I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.5 Case Study : Sekolah Kafa Integrasi Al-mubarak
Sekolah Kafa Integrasi Al-mubarak is an islamic primary school built by Aras Reka Arkitek and completed in year
2010. The school has funded by government PKNS, it has three stories with six classroom including, one faculty office,
multi-purpose room and a canteen. The building materials are all comprises of concrete masonry blocks, which are
also part of the erection of columns and walls. The blockworks from this building, which have more lighter weight and
designed to be a high quality alternative to conventional construction methods by replacing common bricks & cast in-si-
tu reinforced concrete structure.
Construction Methods
Firstly, site construction begins with concrete infill with reinforcement, then the curing method is apply on the concrete slab after the concrete foundation is dry, concrete
bearing wall and columns blocks started to erect. After the blockwork structure was erected the Prefabricated roof system was installed, other components such as
doors, walls and ceilings are place in.
Case study: Institution (Sekolah Kafa Integrasi
Al-mubarak)
Architect: Aras Reka Arkitek
IBS system: Load-bearing Blockwork System
IBS Supplier: Zenbes sdn.bhd
Main Components: Concrete Masonry Unit
(CMU)
Other Components: Precast Concrete foun-
dation
Blockwork components:
-Load-bearing CMU wall
-Concrete Masonry Unit bond beam
-Concrete Masonry Unit stiffener
Structural Components:
-Reinforcement Concrete foundation
-Precast concrete slab( precast off-site)
Other components:
-Prefabricated roof truss
-Door and windows
05
8. I N T R O D U C T I O N
1.5 Case Study : Permata Pintar Auditorium
Permata pintar Auditorium and Sports Park are located on 20.15 acres in the University Kebangsaan Malaysia
campus in Bangi, Selangor. The main feature of the auditorium is the capability to include 600 person in the auditorium
hall, primarily catering to lectures, convocations, and the school’s musical theatre programmes. The back of house
serves as a dressing room and rehearsal area, with VIP seating located at the second tier. The extended auditorium
foyer generates a new public space, linking the plaza with visible meeting points.
Construction Methods:
Firstly, site excavation begins on the area along with landscaping construction. Foundation is infill with reinforcement and concrete. After rafter foundation, steel struc-
ture framing was created on the outside, follow-up by installing blockwork system interior of the building. Aluminium cladding were added along the skin of the building.
Precast structure were installed together with landscaping work.
Case study: Permata Pintar auditorium, UKM
Architect: GDP Architect
IBS system: Load-bearing Blockwork System
IBS Supplier: Zenbes sdn.bhd
Main components: Concrete Masonry Unit(C-
MU)
Other components: Aluminium cladding, Steel
structure,
Precast concrete Foundation
Blockwork Components:
-Concrete Masonry Unit block Hollow
-Concrete Ventilation block
-Concrete Masonry Unit bond beam
-Concrete Masonry Unit stiffener
Structural Components
-precast concrete foundation
-precast concrete staircase
Other components:
-aluminium cladding
-metal roof structure
06
9. C O N C E P T O F F R A M E W O R K
2.1 Propose IBS System
07
The following structure and materials that have been selected based on the of IBS system that are used in the design of the three stories apartment. This components comprises
prefabricated structure, blockwork system, cast-in situ (concrete) and precast concrete components. The main components comprises of blockwork CMU and accommodated
with structure components, which form a hybrid system.
01 Foundation
Cast-in SITU concrete
-Concrete foundation
Precast components 02
Precast concrete Components
-Hollow core slab(Custom Size)
-Precast concrete staircase
Blockwork 04
Blockwork Components
-Blockwork concrete (CMU)
03 Prefabricated components
Cast-in SITU concrete
-steel roof trusses
-Windows and doors
-railing
10. C O N C E P T O F F R A M E W O R K
2.2 Construction Process
08
01 Foundation
The strip foundation stage is cast in
place by pouring concrete foundation
on the excavate trench till the ground
level. Blockworks is partially built verti-
cally till the ground level.
Concrete Slab 02
After the strip foundation is done in
place, concrete is poured on the
ground floor to form concrete slab.
Cement is screed throughout the area
and leave it to dry.
Continuation of Blockwork 04
The continuation of blockworks are
then being lay out vertically through-
out the ground area until window level.
Windows are installed and the pro-
cess continues.
03 Door and Walls
The built up of concrete blockwork
around the apron is set together with
door frame. As the concrete block
build vertically mortar is infill along the
concrete block.
11. C O N C E P T O F F R A M E W O R K
2.2 Construction Process
09
05 Lintel and Staircase
Blockworks are continue to built to the
lintel level. Precast lintels are placed
on top of windows and doors. Precast
concrete staircases are installed
throughout the ground floor.
Beam 06
Bond Beams are layered and connect
on top of the wall’s infill with cement
and reinforce with reinforcement bars.
Slabs will be place on top of the
beams afterwards.
Assembling First Floor 08
The construction steps of first floor
begin from no. 4 to no. 7. These steps
are the repeat process from ground
floor.
07 Hollowcore Slabs
After the placement of the beam.
which is the last component to be
assemble on ground floor, hollowcore
slabs are installed on top of the beams
covering the whole first floor.
12. C O N C E P T O F F R A M E W O R K
2.2 Construction Process
10
09 Assemble Second Floor
The construction steps of second floor
begin from no. 5 to no. 7. Gypsum ceil-
ings are place after the installation of
the roof truss.
Installation Roof Truss 10
Prefabricated roof trusses are
installed on top of the second floor
wall. Purlins are horizontally place on
the roof trusses.
11 Completion
Pitch roof is place on top of the roof
trusses as final construction process.
Interior and exterior work are execut-
ed with mechanical and electrical
work, lighting tiles layering and wall
coating.
13. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.1 Foundation | Strip Foundation | 1:75
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14. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.2 Slab | Ground Floor Plan | 1:75
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15. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.2 Slab | First & Second Floor Plan | 1:75
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16. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.3 Plans | Ground Floor Plan | 1:75
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BEDROOM
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LIVING ROOMBEDROOM 2
LAUNDRY
FFL+0.20 FFL+0.25 FFL+0.25
FFL+0.25FFL+0.25
FFL+0.25FFL+0.25
FFL+0.20
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BATH
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7.2SQM 7.2SQM
9.0SQM9.0SQM
7.2SQM 7.2SQM 7.2SQM
KITCHEN
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3.6SQM
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17. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.3 Plans | First Floor Plan | 1:75
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DNUP
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LAUNDRY
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BATH
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7.2SQM 7.2SQM
9.0SQM9.0SQM
7.2SQM 7.2SQM 7.2SQM
KITCHEN
50dp
50dp 50dp
3.6SQM
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18. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.3 Plans | Second Floor Plan | 1:75
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LIVING ROOMBEDROOM 2
LAUNDRY
FFL+0.20 FFL+0.25 FFL+0.25
FFL+0.25FFL+0.25
FFL+0.25FFL+0.25
FFL+0.20
FFL+0.20
BATH
BATH
7.2SQM 7.2SQM
9.0SQM9.0SQM
7.2SQM 7.2SQM 7.2SQM
KITCHEN
50dp
50dp 50dp
50dp
2F
3.3 Plans | Second Floor Plan | 1:75
19. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.4 Blockwork Plans | Ground Floor Plan | 1:75
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20. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.4 Blockwork Plans | First Floor Plan | 1:75
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21. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.4 Blockwork Plans | Second Floor Plan | 1:75
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22. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.5 Roof Plans | Structure Plan | 1:75
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23. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.5 Roof Plans | Structure with Batten Plan | 1:75
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24. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.5 Roof Plans | 1:75
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25. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.6 Elevations | Front | 1:75
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A B C D E F G H I
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3000 3000 2800
►(FFL -200) STRIP FOOTING
►(FFL +0) GROUND LEVEL
►(FFL +9.6) ROOF LEVEL
►(FFL +6.4) SECOND FLOOR
►(FFL +3.2) FIRST FLOOR
26. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.6 Elevations | Front with Finishing | 1:75
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A B C D E F G H I
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►(FFL -200) STRIP FOOTING
►(FFL +0) GROUND LEVEL
►(FFL +9.6) ROOF LEVEL
►(FFL +6.4) SECOND FLOOR
►(FFL +3.2) FIRST FLOOR
27. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.6 Elevations | Back | 1:75
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A B C D E F G H I
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►(FFL -200) STRIP FOOTING
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►(FFL +9.6) ROOF LEVEL
►(FFL +6.4) SECOND FLOOR
►(FFL +3.2) FIRST FLOOR
28. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.6 Elevations | Back with Finishing | 1:75
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A B C D E F G H I
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►(FFL +0) GROUND LEVEL
►(FFL +9.6) ROOF LEVEL
►(FFL +6.4) SECOND FLOOR
►(FFL +3.2) FIRST FLOOR
3.6 Elevations
29. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.6 Elevations | Side & Side with Finishing | 1:75
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►(FFL -200) STRIP FOOTING
►(FFL +0) GROUND LEVEL
►(FFL +9.6) ROOF LEVEL
►(FFL +6.4) SECOND FLOOR
►(FFL +3.2) FIRST FLOOR
30. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.7 Sections | A-A & B-B | 1:75
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►(FFL -200) STRIP FOOTING
►(FFL +0) GROUND LEVEL
►(FFL +9.6) ROOF LEVEL
►(FFL +6.4) SECOND FLOOR
►(FFL +3.2) FIRST FLOOR
31. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.7 Sections | C-C | 1:75
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A B C D E F G H I
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►(FFL -200) STRIP FOOTING
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►(FFL +6.4) SECOND FLOOR
►(FFL +3.2) FIRST FLOOR
32. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.7 Sections | D-D | 1:75
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►(FFL -200) STRIP FOOTING
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►(FFL +6.4) SECOND FLOOR
►(FFL +3.2) FIRST FLOOR
33. T E C H N I C A L D R A W I N G S
3.8 Axonometric
31
34. S C H E D U L E O F I B S C O M P O N E N T S
4.1 Door
32
900 800
2100
2100
D3 D2TYPE
SIZE
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION
TOTAL NO. REQ
TOTAL NO. REQ
900mm (W) x 2100mm (H) 800mm (W) x 2100mm (H)
BATHROOMDINING, LIVING ROOM, BEDROOM 1, MASTER BEDROOM
BATHROOM
BATHROOM
DINING, LIVING ROOM, BEDROOM 1, MASTER BEDROOM
DINING, LIVING ROOM, BEDROOM 1, MASTER BEDROOM
Grd. Flr.
1st. Flr.
2nd. Flr.
SOLID TIMBER H.W. WITH VENEER AND VARNISH TO MANUF'S
DETAIL
SOLID TIMBER H.W. WITH VENEER AND VARNISH TO MANUF'S
DETAIL
35. S C H E D U L E O F I B S C O M P O N E N T S
4.2 Windows
33
600 2400 1200
1800
1800
600
1800
2400
600
2400
600
2400
W1 W2 W3TYPE
SIZE
DESCRIPTION
LOCATION
600mm (W) x 600mm (H) 2400mm (W) x 1800mm (H) 1200mm (W) x 1800mm (H)
Grd. Flr.
1st. Flr.
2nd. Flr.
BATHROOM DINING, LIVING ROOM, BEDROOM 1, MASTER BEDROOM
BATHROOM
BATHROOM
DINING, LIVING ROOM, BEDROOM 1, MASTER BEDROOM
DINING, LIVING ROOM, BEDROOM 1, MASTER BEDROOM
BEDROOM 2
BEDROOM 2
BEDROOM 2
DARK BROWN POWDER COAL WITH ALUM. FRAME TOP HUNG
STAINED GREY, FROSTED WINDOW ABOVE FIXED WITH GREY
FROSTED STAINED GLASS BELOW TO MANUF'S DETAIL
DARK BROWN POWDER COAL WITH ALUM. FRAME TOP HUNG
STAINED GREY, FROSTED WINDOW ABOVE FIXED WITH GREY
FROSTED STAINED GLASS BELOW TO MANUF'S DETAIL
DARK BROWN POWDER COAL WITH ALUM. FRAME TOP HUNG
STAINED GREY, FROSTED WINDOW ABOVE FIXED WITH GREY
FROSTED STAINED GLASS BELOW TO MANUF'S DETAIL
LOCATION
36. S C H E D U L E O F I B S C O M P O N E N T S
4.3 Block components
34
TYPE OF BLOCK
SIZE
STRETCHER BOND BEAM EDGE BLOCK
200mm (W) x 200mm (H) x 400mm (L) 100mm (W) x 200mm (H) x 400mm (L) 200mm (W) x 200mm (H) x 400mm (L)
37. S C H E D U L E O F I B S C O M P O N E N T S
4.4 Slab
35
SLAB 1 SLAB 2 SLAB 3TYPE OF SLAB
LOCATION
Grd. Flr.
1st. Flr.
2nd. Flr.
SIZE 1500mm (W) x 200mm (H) x 2400mm (L) 1500mm (W) x 250mm (H) x 4200mm (L) 1400mm (W) x 250mm (H) x 3000mm (L)
BATHROOM, YARD, LAUNDRY DINING, LIVING ROOM, MASTER BEDROOM, BEDROOM 1,2
BATHROOM, YARD, LAUNDRY
BATHROOM, YARD, LAUNDRY
1500mm (W) x 250mm (H) x 2400mm (L)
DINING, LIVING ROOM, MASTER BEDROOM, BEDROOM 1,2
DINING, LIVING ROOM, MASTER BEDROOM, BEDROOM 1,2
BALCONY (STAIRCASE)
BALCONY (STAIRCASE)
BALCONY (STAIRCASE)
38. S C H E D U L E O F I B S C O M P O N E N T S
4.5 Roof Truss Components
36
TYPE OF ROOF TRUSS TRUSS 3 TRUSS 5TRUSS 4 TRUSS 6
TYPE OF ROOF TRUSS TRUSS 1 TRUSS 2
39. S C H E D U L E O F I B S C O M P O N E N T S
4.6 Staircase Components
37
STAIRCASE COMP. ST 1 ST 2 ST 3
RISER : 200 x THREAD : 250 4239mm x 1000mm 2600mm x 4250mm
40. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.1 Strip Footing
38
Construction Methods: Cast-in SITU
Construction Components: Strip Foundation(concrete)
Installation Process
Cast-in SITU
It refers to work which is carried out on the construction site itself, often in the finished position. The purpose components are to be cast on site using concrete materials such
as piles or footing.
Strip Foundation
Strip foundation are a type of shallow foundation that are used to provide a continuous, level (or sometimes stepped) strip of support to a linear structure such as a wall or close-
ly-spaced rows of columns built centrally above them.
1.The process involves digging out trenches
around the perimeter of the build-up area.
3.Concrete is then poured in until it reaches just
below ground level.
3.Concrete is then poured in until it reaches just
below ground level.
2.Formwork and rebars are produced before the
concrete is poured into it to form the strip footing.
The footings are installed around the foundation
level.
41. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.1 Strip Footing | Detail Drawings
39
WATERROOFING
TO SPECS
Screed
Blockwork
Skin Coat
OUTDOOR SELECTED FLOOR TILES
TO SPECS. W/ APPROVED
POINTING & ADHESIVE
Concrete Slab
FALL
TO
FT/
FW
BULL NOSED TILES
THRESHOLD TO MATCH
BATHROOM FLOORING
WALL TILES TO SPECS.REFER
DOOR
&
FRAME
TO
SCHEDULE
5 MM THK. X 50MM
L-BRASS DIVIDING STRIP
SELECTED TILES
TO SPECS
BATHROOM
AREA
BEDROOM
AREA
Load - bearing- wall
Row of columnsWide striptee
Inverted tee
42. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.2 Propose Blockwork System
40
Construction Methods: Blockwork System
Construction Components: Concrete Masonry Unit(CMU) Hollow
Installation Process
Blockwork System
The blockwork system is varied in types of shapes and sizeS, it is more reliable com-
pared to other systems. The proposed blockwork component such as Concrete Mason-
ry Unit (CMU) is used as the main component for structure of a building.
CMU(hollow)
The main use of CMU block components are to build the column and load bearing walls
throughout the entire building. The main blocks are stretcher, bond beam and edge
block.
1. Reference lines are placed with thread or chalk and
a test is performed without mortar. Then, mix the
mortar and spread it onto the strip footing over the
width of a block.
3. At the end of each row, blocks are align vertically
and horizontally, and hit at the side to adjust them if
necessary.
2. The blocks are then placed from the corner and
mortar is applied to their vertical joints.
4. Reinforcement rebars are then added on to the
beam and bearing block to strengthen the tension.
43. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.2 Propose Blockwork System | Components Location
41
44. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.2 Propose Blockwork System | Components Location
42
Rebar spacing per
design
Horizontal joint rein-
forcement as
required.
Reinforced masonry
lintel per design
Grout filled cells
Tornado resistant
door / window / frame
Compressible filler
Sealant and backer
rod
Anchor transfer trans-
verse loads and
allows independent
movement
Masonry
H O R I Z O N T A L S P A N H E A D D E T A I L
C O N T R O L J O I N T
Top of wall to accom-
modate floor roof
deflection
Reinforced bond
beam as required.
Reinforced bond
beam as required.
Horizontal joint rein-
forcement as
required.
45. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.2 Propose Blockwork System | Components Location
43
Solid backing
Waterproofing mem-
brane
Mesh
Mortar bed/lath
Dry set or latex
cement
Grout and reinforce-
ment where required
Terminate horizontal
joint reinforcement
Chalk and backer rod
Building papert
Tile
J A M B D E T A I L
M A S O N R Y F I R E W A L L
W A L L T I L E
C O N T R O L J O I N T
Rebar spacing per
design
16 galvanised mason-
ry T anchor
Grout filled cells
Tornado resistant
door / window / frame
Mineral wall to
forestop insulation
Fireproof sealant as
required
Solid cmu at top
course
Grout and reinforce-
ment as required
Clip angle
Masonry
46. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.3 Propose Hollow Core Slab
44
Construction Methods: Precast System
Construction Components: Hollow Core Slabs(Custom)
Precast Concrete System
Malaysia commonly use the precast concrete system as the main construction based on IBS. For the build-
ing proposal precast system is used as floor slabs for first and second floor.
Hollow core Slabs
Hollow core system is one of the most widely and popularly used precast concrete flooring system in the
building industry. Fast assembly at site, a self-supporting system, excellent lower surface finish and facto-
ry-assured quality.
Installation Process
1.The hollow core slabs are measured and moulded through machines
according to the specified size.
2.The manufactured slabs are transported to the site. Then HCS(hollow
core slabs) are hoisted with a crane and travel to the building area.
3.The crane are then carefully place the HCS(hollow core slab) at the right
angle of the position on the beam.
4.After the hollow core slabs are rested on the beams. Concrete are pour
between the joints and the slabs once is harden the steps are continue by
another slabs
47. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.4 Propose Staircase System
45
Prefabricated staircase consists of two individual components which is landing and step. Both of these components are manufactured in the factories and will be transport to the
site for assembling process. The steps and the landing will be attached together by pouring the concrete into the formwork. In order to strengthen the structure, rebar will be
used to support the cured concrete.
Advantages
1.Easy to be assembled
2.Immediate functioning after assembled
3.Quality preserved
4.Speed up construction process as immediate access gained
5.Save time and cost
6.Reduce construction site cost
Installation Process
1.Steel brackets are bolted to the foundation using concrete anchors. These will be
used to catch the legs located behind the stairs
2.Small concrete pads are set under each side of the steps toward the front of the unit.
These pads are set slightly lower than the brackets so that the stairs are pitched
forward for water flow off
3.The precast stairs are then will be placed on the brackets and pads using a boom
truck.
4.If your stairs require railings, they would be installed at this time. The railings are
installed in the precast unit and held in place with anchoring cement.
48. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.5 Propose Roof Truss System
46
This building use a prefabricated roof trusses which are made from steel framing system. Few components are involved which is the trusses, purlins and rafter
1.Flexible design can be applied
2.Longer life span
3.Easy to be assembled
4.High durability
5.Lightweight structure
Installation Process
1.Lift first individual truss and place in their right position . Long trusses will require a
spreader bar to lift it
2.Secure truss to bearing support with metal bracket
3.Screw gun can install hardware at the bearing support and bracing material to hold
the trusses in the position
4.For first truss, the truss is restrained with bracing to the ground or building interior.
49. C O N S T R U C T I O N D E T A I L & P R O C E S S
5.6 Propose Windows System
47
50. I B S C A L C U L A T I O N
48
Part 1: Structural systems (Maximum score is 50 points)
Points are awarded for various types of structural system that are used in the building, e.g. combination of precast concrete beams, columns and slabs, combination of load bear-
ing blocks and in situ concrete using reusable formwork; and other combinations Points are also given based on the usage of Roof’s Structural Systems
Part 2: Wall systems (Maximum score is 20 points)
Points are awarded based on various types of wall systems that are utilised, e.g. precast concrete panel, dry wall system, blockwork system and other wall systems
Part 3: Other simplified construction solutions (Maximum score is 30 points)
Points are awarded based on usage of other simplified construction solutions, e.g. standardised components based on MS 1064, repetition of structural layout and other produc-
tivity enhancing solutions such as volumetric modular units, BIM and Modular gridlines.
51. C O N C L U S I O N
49
This apartment is three stories height and manage to score up to 78% of IBS score. This proof that by using blockwork as the main IBS components are achievable due to the
low IBS factor and also one of the lowest among other IBS components.
By understanding the main components in each of the IBS components, we as a group manage to come out with the proposal that proposed each part with different type of IBS
components. This proposal are based on the installation method, advantage and disadvantage and its suitability to make sure that the building are well structured. Besides, we
manage to analyse on the IBS construction method and each process that need to be taken into consideration before come out with the IBS calculation score.
We also produced a physical model that shows all the detail in IBS component starting from its foundation until the roof. From the physical model we manage to understand how
the IBS components works and function.
As a group, we agreed that the implementation of IBS system can greatly reduced total construction time. The efficiency of the IBS system also proves that it is suitable to be
used in our country as it can enhanced quality of building, minimising solid waste, reducing number of workers at site and decreasing air pollution at construction site.
53. A N D I K A S E T I A B U D I
A K I F Z O L K E P L E E
I S Y R A Q N A S I R
A I Z Z A T H A K I M
P O H W E N G C H U A N
0326483
0322927
0322177
0324396
0319951
