This document provides an overview of Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) with a focus on precast concrete systems. It defines IBS and discusses the key types, including precast concrete, steel framing, formwork, blockwork, timber framing, and innovative systems. The advantages of IBS are faster construction, higher quality, and lower cost. Potential defects in precast concrete like water leakage and cracking are also outlined. The document presents the standard design and construction workflows for IBS and provides case studies of two apartment buildings in Singapore that utilized precast concrete systems.

1.
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture
BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I (BLD 61403)
Project 1
Industrialised Building System
Group Members :
Alexandra Go
How Seng Guan
Jacky Ting Sim Ming
Lee Suk Fang
Lee Wan Xuan
Tan Chin Yin
0325342
1007P73021
0325286
0323293
0325273
0320080
Tutor : Mr. Rizal
1

2. Table of Contents Page
1.Introduction
1.1 Aims and objectives 1
1.2 Introduction of IBS 1
1.3 Types of IBS 3-4
1.4 Concept and Framework
1.4.1 Advantages of using IBS 5
1.4.2 Defects of Precast Concrete Building 5
1.4.3 Standard Design Workflow 6
1.4.4 Structural Construction Process 6
1.5 Case Study
1.5.1 The Bayron, Devonshire Road, Singapore 7-8
1.5.2 Seri Jati Apartment, Setia Alam 9
2.Technical Drawings
2.1 Architectural Plans 10-11
2.2 Structural Plan 12
2.3 Elevations 13-14
2.4 Section 15
2.5 Axonometric 16
2.6 Sectional Perspective 17
2.7 Construction Details 18
3.Study of Proposed IBS categories and detail of components
3.1 Precast Concrete Frame 19
3.2 Precast Concrete Column 20
3.3 Precast Concrete Beam 21
3.4 Precast Concrete Floor Slab 22
3.5 Precast Concrete Wall 22
3.6 Precast Concrete Staircase 23
3.7 Prefabricated Steel Framing Roof Truss 23
4. Construction sequence 24-26
5. Schedule of IBS Components
5.1 Column Schedule 27-28
5.2 Column and Beam Schedule 29
5.3 Wall Schedule 30-33
5.4 Door and Window Schedule 34
6. IBS Score Calculation 35-36
7. Conclusion 36
8. Reference List 37
2

3. 1.Introduction
1.1 Aims and Objectives
This project is to provide a in depth and well-documented analysis about the topic of
different types and methods of Industrialised Building System (IBS).For this report, we need
to proposed a 3-storey apartment block which using mainly IBS components. Done so over the
course of six to seven weeks,our learning outcome as the following:
(i) To study and identify the research data about types of IBS and construction methods.
(ii) Able to explain and apply the relevant knowledge through a set of architectural and
structural documentation.
(iii) Able to relate the basic structural elements and structural principles in
construction.Further analyse and document construction methods and materials.
(iv) To be able to produce a well-documented report that surmises our findings and analysis
of our case study - which can then serve as an example of our accumulated knowledge of the
relationship between construction and building.
By analysing the types of IBS applied in the apartment building, we are then able to develop
a better understanding on the characteristics of each structural components and how it
affects the IBS score. It is also important to know how different types of components and
their construction method influence the construction efficiency and the overall aesthetic
appearance.
1.2 Introduction of IBS
What is IBS?
Industrialised building system (IBS) also known as Pre-fabricated Construction and Off-site
Construction, is a method of construction where the structural of building components are
fabricated under a controlled environment. They are produced off-site later transported and
assembled into construction site.
They are divided into two systems which are open system and close system:
Open system refers to the IBS components are fabricated by different manufacturers
while;
Close system is the IBS components are fabricated from one manufacturer.
There are several building components using IBS, which are columns, beams, floor slabs,
walls, portal frame, steel roof truss and 3-D components such as balconies, staircases,
toilets, etc.
The content of IBS (IBS Score) is determined based on the Construction Industry Standard 18
(CIS 18: 2010); either manually, web application or fully automated CAD-based IBS Score
calculator.
In Malaysia, the implementation of IBS concept by using pre-cast concrete building were
introduced in Malaysia 1966 when the government launched two pilot projects for pre-cast
housing which involves the construction of Tuanku Abdul Rahman Flats in Kuala Lumpur and
the Rifle Range Road Flats in Penang.
Since 1980’s there are intensive marketing strategies launched by the Malaysian Government
to introduce modular coordination, its acceptance has received poor responses for the
building industry. As a result even partial introduction of IBS such as lintels and staircase has
not been possible
In the 90s, demand for the new township has seen to increase in the use of precast concrete
system in high rise residential buildings. In the booming period of Malaysian construction
1994 to 1997, hybrid IBS application used in many national iconic landmarks such as Kuala
Lumpur Convention Center, Bukit Jalil Sport Complex constructed using steel beam and roof
trusses and precast concrete. Other than that, Lightweight Railway Train (LRT) and KL
Sentral was constructed by using steel roof structure and precast hollow core.
3

4. 1.3 Types of IBS
The Malaysian construction industry is undergoing a transitional change from an
industry employing to one which is more systematic and mechanised. Based on
Construction Industry Development Berhad ( CIDB ), IBS is structurally classified into
six main groups, which are:
i. Precast system
ii. Steel Framing system
iii. Formwork system
iv. Block work system
v. Prefabricated timber framing
vi. Innovative system
i. Precast system
This system consist of precasting concrete columns, beams, slabs, walls and “ 3-D ”
components which as balconies , staircases, toilets, lift chambers, refuse chambers as
well as lightweight precast concrete and permanent concrete formworks. This is the
most popular and widely used IBS in Malaysia. Besides, it is produced by using steel or
fiberglass formwork. Mainly used in schools, apartments, infrastructure projects and
etc.
Figure 1.1 Precast walls Figure 1.2 Precast staircases
ii. Steel framing system
This system is commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns/ beams and
steel framing systems, and is used extensively in fast-track construction of skyscrapers
and also in construction of large factories and exhibition halls that require wide areas.
Apart from that, it is extensively used for light steel trusses consisting of
cost-effective profiled cold-formed channels and steel portal frame system as
alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections.
Figure 1.3 Steel roof trusses Figure 1.4 Pre-cast steel floor decking
iii. Formwork system
This system is made up of tunnel forms, beams and columns moulding forms, and
permanent steel formworks. It is the least prefabricated among all the IBS, as it
normally involves site casting. Therefore, it is subject to structural quality control,
high quality finishes and fast construction with less site labour and material
requirement. The temporary formwork usually used not less than 20 times. It uses
expanded polystyrene (EPS) as based forms.
Figure 1.5 Formwork of column Figure 1.6 Formwork of wall panels
4

5. iv. Block work system
It includes of interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight concrete
blocks. It is mainly used for non-structural wall as an alternative to conventional brick
and plaster. They may include a hollow core to make them lighter and to improve
insulation properties. It has the lowest IBS score in the IBS scoring system.
Figure 1.7 Interlocking block work Figure 1.8 Installation of blocks
v. Prefabricated- timber framing system
It consists of timber building frames and timber roof trusses. Although the latter is
more common, timber building frame systems also offer attractive designs and high
aesthetic value from simple dwelling units to buildings such as chalets for resorts.
Examples of choice of timber are Bakau, Chengal, Kekatong, Keranji and Resak.
Figure 1.9 Timber roof trusses Figure 1.10 Timber framing
vi. Innovative system
This is the latest IBS which incorporates various “green” elements, which are
considered innovative in the industry. An example of the innovation is the mixture of
two elements such as polystyrene and concrete, to produce IBS components for use in
the construction of a wall which has better heat insulation properties. Indeed, with
the advancement in technology and innovation, new materials are being introduced at
the fabrication stage. Some of the new materials introduced in IBS include gypsum,
wood wool, polymer, fiberglass and aluminium-based IBS components.
Figure 1.11 Installation of drywall
5

6. 1.4 Concept and Framework
1.4.1 What is the advantages of using IBS:
● Results in high-quality products and minimum waste, due to a factory work
environment that is easier to control.
● Results in elimination of conventional timber props and an obvious decrease of
supporting materials, through the use of complete assembly elements or prop system
for the onsite casting process.
● Results in a stronger and safer work platform, produced through a complete assembly
element.
● Results in faster completion, due to the introduction of prefabricated components to
replace onsite fabrication.
● Results in a safer, cleaner and more organized site, due to the reduction of
construction waste, site workers and prefabricated construction materials; and
● Results in a cheaper total construction cost, resulting from the above factors.
1.4.2 Defects of Precast Concrete Building
Figure 1.12 Steel reinforcement is exposed Figure 1.13 Water damage on concrete
Without proper building maintenance, precast concrete building under IBS will be
facing a few very common problems, such as below:
1.Water leakage
Water leakage is the most crucial defect in precast concrete building.This problem
normally happen due to poor joint connection of the components.
2.Cracking
This problem is most commonly related to the improper use of raw material with
specification or there is lacking of skills and careless mistakes during the procedure
for quality control. Cracking may occur any part of the precast component either
panel, beam or even slab.
3. Poor humidity control
When there is water leakage into the building such as from piping system, it will
caused the interior of the building to have high level of humidity. This can cause the
M&E services inside the building became rusted and same time will affect the
effectiveness of M&E services.
4. Poor finishing
Poor finishing could cause by the human factors like workers experiences or the
material issues.
6

7. 1.4.3 Standard Design Workflow of IBS
The first stage is design phase, where the design of IBS components are carried out
according to the specification stated in MS 1064. Then, the components are precast
off site, which is at the manufacturing plant according to the specified dimension and
details. Quality-controlled of the end products was ensured through the processes of
controlled prefabrication stage. The IBS components are then transported to the site
from the manufacturing plant to the construction site for assembling stage. When the
components reached the site, they will be assembled with the assistance of a crane
tower. Because of the precast process for components, there is less in-site work, thus
reduces the wastage and provide a cleaner site. Finally, the final unit is done
assembling and is ready to serve the users or client.
1.4.4 Structural Construction Process
Before any proper planning, the construction shouldn’t been carried out because it
might caused a lot of mistakes in installation of components which will cause
structural failure. So to ensure high efficiency and quality of installation, things like
method or sequence of assembly, handling method of rigging system, temporary
support, joint detail method and etc. should be taken into consideration. Following
are some steps to be considered during the phase of preparation:
1. Check for site accessibility for the delivery of
precast elements.
2. Check delivery checklist for correct type,
quantity and panel specification.
3. Conduct sample measurement to confirm on
the accuracy of the dimension of components.
4. Check the locations and conditions for lifting.
Next phase will be the installation of vertical precast
components. Firstly:
1. Check the positions and alignment of starter
bars before installing it.
2. During installation, check the stability of the
erected props before releasing hoisting cable.
3. When carrying out grouting work, make sure
the joint width between panels are within
allowances designed.
4. The joint gaps should be consistent to allow for
proper installation of sealant or grout to
achieve high level of watertightness which can
prevent water leakage.
The last phase is the installation of horizontal precast
components. Checklists that need to be done are such as:
1. Lifting of beam should be supported minimum at two ends.
2. Secure the formwork during casting.
3. Check the levelness between each component before sealing them.
4. Other will be mostly the same as vertical components casting.
7

8. 1.5 Case Studies
1.5.1 The Bayron, Devonshire Road, Singapore
Located in Devonshire Road, Singapore, The Bayron is a private residential completed
in 1999. It is a part 12 storey, part 15 storey apartment with a total of 96 units. 19
months were taken to complete the construction of this apartment.
An existing layout plan that uses conventional in-situ reinforced concrete structure
with brickwall and plastering was modified to use precast concrete instead as on-site
precasting was not possible due to site constraints.
Figure 1.14 Entrance of the Bayron Apartment
The Bayron uses precast concrete components such as precast 2-tiered columns,
precast beams, prefabricated bathroom, precast wall panel, precast staircase and
precast refuse chute. The buildability score of this apartment using precast concrete
is 85 while the buildability score of the existing design is only 48.
FIgure 1.15 Plan indicating precast concrete components in The Bayron
8

9.
Figure 1.16 Elevation showing precast concrete beams and columns
Figure 1.17 Isometric view of precast column, beam and floor construction
Figure 1.18 Detailed section of a part of the apartment
Figure 1.19 Precast concrete beam and floor Figure 1.20 Precast concrete beam and floor
slab connection (Detail A) slab connection (Detail C)
Figure 1.21 Precast concrete slab to slab connection (Detail B)
9

10. 1.5.2 Seri Jati Apartment, Setia Alam
Seri Jati is a low cost apartment located in the vicinity of Shah Alam, Selangor. This
residence was developed for the lower and medium income citizens by the renowned
SP Setia. Launched in the year 2012, this high density residence was completed on
2014. This residence offers 6 blocks in total, whereby 3 blocks are 10 storeys high and
the remaining 3 blocks are 11 storeys high. It has a total of 948 units.
Figure 1.22 View of Seri Jati Apartment from the pool
Seri Jati Apartment uses precast concrete system with components such as precast
load bearing walls,precast non-bearing walls, precast staircases and landing slabs,
precast lift core walls, precast bathroom slabs and precast air-cond ledges. It also
uses prefabricated steel trusses for the roof.
Floor slabs of this apartment are cast in-situ slabs. It has a total of 81.9 IBS score. The
use of IBS in this apartment has reduced construction time, number of construction
workers and also cost.
Figure 1.23 Image showing the construction of Setia Jati Apartment
Figure 1.24 Precast load bearing walls of Setia Jati Apartment
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11. 2.TechnicalDrawing
2.1ArchitecturalPlans
12
GroundFloorPlan
Scale1:150
FirstFloorPlan
Scale1:150
12

12. 13
SecondFloorPlan
Scale1:150
RoofPlan
Scale1:150

13. 14
2.2StructuralPlan
StructuralPlan
Scale1:150

14. 15
SouthElevation
Scale1:150
NorthElevation
Scale1:150
2.3Elevations

15. 16
EastElevation
Scale1:150
WestElevation
Scale1:150

16. SectionA-A’
Scale1:150
SectionB-B’’
Scale1:150

17. 2.6Axonometric
Roof
CeilingSlab
Wall
Slab
Column
Beam-SecondFloor
GroundandFirstFloor
FoundationFooting
CeilingBeam
ExplodedAxonometric
Nottoscale

18. 2.7 Construction Details
Beam to Column & Column to Column Connection
Scale: N.T.S.
Base Plate Connection
Scale: N.T.S.
18

19.
Slab to Beam Connection
Scale: N.T.S.
19

20. 3. Study of Proposed IBS categories and detail of components
3.1 Precast Concrete Frame
Figure 3.1 Precast concrete frames are installed during construction
Figure 3.2 Precast concrete frame during construction
Precast concrete-framed building has become one of the most commonly used IBS in
large structure such as industrial and institutional buildings. There are many reasons
why the architects and engineering nowadays preferred this method instead of the
conventional construction system.The advantage of the frame system is mainly the
interior flexibility, as large space can be used for different functions and can be easily
changed or modified according to the use. The frame system on its own, forms only
the skeleton of the building and do not enclose the space. Therefore, infill elements
such as prefabricated panels or building the infill elements on site or both need to be
put up to complete the system. The components included column, beam, slab and
wall.
Figure 3.3 Components of precast concrete frame
Figure 3.4 Image showing the substructure and superstructure of a 3 storey building
The components are cast and cured in factories, transported to the construction job
site, and erected as rigid components. Precasting offers many potential advantages
over site casting of concrete. One of the main reason is precast concrete frames
provide a high strength, stable, durable and robust solution for any multi-storey
structure. Control of the quality of materials and workmanship is generally better
than on the construction job site. The erection of whole process does not only save
times further more it also can take place under adverse weather conditions, which
would not permit the site casting of concrete.
20

21. 3.2 Precast Concrete Column
Figure 3.5 Image above shows the corbel on the column supporting floor slabs.
Precast concrete column is one of the load bearing element in the structural
component of a building. To minimize the number of precast elements the columns
have up to 3 stories height. The columns provide with single or multiple corbels to
support floor or roof beams.
Figure 3.6 Connection of the column to the foundation
A simple base detail for precast concrete columns. Four anchor bolts project from the
top of the sitecast foundation. Nuts and washers are placed on these bolts to support
the column temporarily. The column, which was cast around steel dowels welded to a
baseplate, is lowered by crane. Workers guide the column so that the anchor bolts
come through the holes in the baseplate. Washers and nuts are added to the anchor
bolts on top of the baseplate. The eight nuts are used to adjust the height of the
column and to make it plumb. When this has been accomplished, the nuts are
tightened and stiff grout is dry packed under the baseplate.
Typical Connection of Precast Concrete Elements
Figure 3.7 Connection of column to column
1. Column-to-column connection
-Metal bearing plates and embedded anchor bolts are cast into the ends of the
columns.
-After the columns are mechanically joined, the connection is grouted to provide full
bearing between elements and protect the metal components from fire and
corrosion.
Figure 3.8 Connection of column to beam
2. Column-to-beam connection
-Beams are set on bearing pads on the column corbels.
-Steel angles are welded to metal plates cast into the beams and columns and the
joint is grouted solid.
21

22. 3.3 Precast Concrete Beam
Figure 3.9 Drawing of L shaped beam and inverted tee beam
As for our project, the beam design chosen is L-shape beam and inverted tee beam.
The reason of selecting the type of beams is because they provide direct support for
precast slab elements. They conserve headroom in a building by supporting slabs near
the bottoms of the beams, compared to rectangular beams without ledgers,where slab
elements must rest on top.
Figure 3.10 Image showing the beam being supported by the column
Above is the indication of a cross section beams. The larger dots represent mild steel
reinforcing bars, and the smaller dots represent high-strength pressing strands. The
broken lines show mild steel stirrups. Stirrups usually project above the top of the
beam, to bond to a sitecast concrete topping for composite structural action.
Beam-to-Slab Connection
Figure 3.11 Connection of floor slab to beam
The hollow core slabs are placed on the bearing pads on top of each beam. Grout is
poured into the gap between the ends of the planks to unite loops of reinforcing that
project from the tops of the beams,reinforcing bars are inserted. The end results is a
tightly connected assembly that supports an untopped precast concrete floor or roof.
22

23. 3.4 Precast Concrete Floor Slab
There are few types of slabs in the precast floor slab. We had chosen hollow core slab
as it could support a larger spans, deeper elements and it have internal longitudinal
voids replace much of the nonworking concrete.
Figure 3.12 Different types of floor slab
Connections between hollow-core slabs and supporting members are made using
site-cast concrete fill and reinforcing steel. In addition to the concrete fill used for
connections, a site-cast concrete topping is generally used over the slabs. The topping
provides structural integration of slab units and increases the floor’s fire resistance
and sound insulation. It also functions as a leveling bed, particularly with units with
uneven camber. Topping, when used , is generally about 2 inches thick and reinforced
with welded wire reinforcement.
Figure 3.13 Types of floor slab - Hollow core floor slabs
3.5 Precast Concrete Wall
Precast concrete walls provide an economical solution when compared to the
conventional column / beam/ infill wall system. The primary advantages are speed of
construction and elimination of wet trades.
Figure 3.14 The installation of precast concrete walls
Figure 3.15 Wall panels lined the side of the construction site
Typically, the wall panels for the front and rear elevations are non-load bearing facade
elements. Support of these panels is achieved by the columns. The wall panels are
typically be designed for vertical loads due to self weight and an allowance for floor
loads, if applicable, in addition to horizontal loads due to external wind pressures.
Precast concrete wall manufactured in factory has smooth surfaces on both sides. Thus
the wall finished such as painting or other desired textured surfaces are easily applied.
Wall panels can be easily designed to undertake both structural requirements for
strength and safety, as well as aesthetic and sound attenuation qualities are desired.
Speed construction and durability of finished structures are hallmarks of precast wall
panels.
23

24.
3.6 Pre-cast Concrete Staircases
Figure 3.16 Prefabricated staircase are transported to the construction site
Figure 3.17 Staircase is installed using the crane
By using precast staircase,it will shorten the construction duration and allows
operational access instantly to all floor areas, also has a high quality finish gives an
excellent acoustic properties such as sound transfer issues that associated with steel
and wooden staircases. It offers significant benefits during the construction phase
providing rapid installation and early access for residential users.
The joint of the staircases use the dry joint construction. The precast staircase will be
manufactured in the factory before it is brought over to site for installation. Before
that, the special casting system ensures the concrete steps are produced from steel
mould face giving a uniform, smooth surface finish. Adjustable casting moulds enable
concrete stairs to be precast with rising and going profiles to suit each application.
Rapid steel mould adjustment without costly timber shuttering minimizes downtime
and maximizing production.
3.7 Prefabricated Steel Framing Roof Truss
Prefabricated steel framing roof truss are flexible to work with any design. It is usually more
expensive than wooden trusses, but they do last a lot longer than timber and require very
little maintenance. Steel trusses deliver multiple benefits to construction project: For
instance, they don’t need chemical treatments to maintain the frame; are not subject to
insect infestations; light weight, allowing easy and quick installation on site . Beside that,
steel framing can also be recycled easily. However, steel frame roof trusses require more skill
on the installation.
24

25. 4. Model Construction Sequence
1. Pad footings are constructed as the foundation of the apartment.
2. Ground beams are placed and are supported by the pad footings.
3. Precast hollow core concrete floor slabs are laid on top of the ground beam
to act as the floor for ground level.
4. Precast concrete columns are installed in the apartment.
25

26.
5. Precast concrete wall panels of different sizes are placed into the apartment
according to the plan.
6. Precast concrete staircase and landing are installed into the apartment.
7. First floor precast concrete beams are placed on the columns.
8. First floor columns are installed on top of the first floor columns. Step 3 to step 7 are
repeated for first floor and second floor.
26

27.
9. Precast ceiling slabs are placed onto second floor beams.
10.Prefabricated steel trusses are installed onto ceiling precast concrete beams.
11.Steel purlins are mounted on the steel trusses.
12.Roofing materials are fixed onto the steel purlins.
27

34. 6. IBS Score Calculation
1) Construction area
(i) Ground floor area = 94 m2
(ii) First floor area = 94 m2
(iii) Second floor area = 94 m2
(iv) Roof area = 94 m2
Total Construction area = 376 m2
2) Structural Systems
(i) Beams: Precast concrete beams
(ii) Columns: Precast concrete column
(iii) Floor slab: Precast concrete floor slab
(iv) Roof truss: Prefabricated steel roof truss
3) Wall System
(i) Internal wall: Precast concrete panel
(ii) External wall: Precast concrete panel
4) Other simplified construction solutions
(i) Beams: Less than 50% complies with MS 1064 Part 10: 2001
Columns: 84.6% complies with MS 1064 Part 10: 2001
Walls: Less than 50% complies with MS 1064 Part 10: 2001
Floor Slabs: Less than 50% complies with MS 1064 Part 10: 2001
Doors: 100% complies with MS 1064 Part 4: 2001
Windows: 100% complies with MS 1064 Part 5: 2001
(ii) Repetition of floor to floor height = 100%
Horizontal repetition of structure = 100%
Vertical repetition of structure = 100%
ELEMENTS
AREA(m2
) or
Length(m)
COVERAGE
IBS
FACTOR(1)
IBS SCORE
Part 1: Structure
Elements
Precast beams + Precast
columns + Precast
concrete slab - Ground
floor area
94 m2
(94/376)
= 0.25
1.0
0.25 x 1.0 x 50
= 12.5
Precast beams + Precast
columns + Precast
concrete slab - First
floor area
94 m2
(94/376)
= 0.25
1.0
0.25 x 1.0 x 50
= 12.5
Precast beams + Precast
columns + Precast
concrete slab - Second
floor area
94 m2
(94/376)
= 0.25
1.0
0.25 x 1.0 x 50
= 12.5
Roof truss using prefab
metal roof truss - Roof
area
94 m2
(94/376)
= 0.25
1.0
0.25 x 1.0 x 50
= 12.5
Total Part 1 376 m2
1.0 50
ELEMENTS
AREA(m2
)
or
Length(m)
COVERAGE
IBS
FACTOR(1)
IBS SCORE
Part 2: Wall System
External wall using
precast concrete panel
425.1 m2
(425.1/1019.7)
= 0.42
1.0 0.42 x 1.0 x 20
= 8.4
Internal wall using
precast concrete panel
594.6 m2
(594.6/1019.7)
= 0.58
1.0 0.58 x 1.0 x 20
= 11.6
Total Part 2 1019.7 m2
1.0 20
32

35.
ELEMENTS
AREA(m2
) or
Length(m)
COVERAGE
IBS
FACTOR(1)
IBS SCORE
Part 3: Other simplified
construction solutions
Column sizes follow
MS1064 Part 10: 2001
84.6% 4
Door sizes follow MS1064
Part 4: 2001
100% 4
Window sizes follow
MS1064 Part 4: 2001
100% 4
Repetition of floor to
floor height
100% 2
Horizontal repetition of
structural floor layout (>
2 storeys)
100% 2
Vertical repetition of
structural floor layout (>
2 storeys)
100% 2
Total Part 3 18
IBS CONTENTS SCORE OF PROJEC
Total Part 1 + Total Part 2 + Total Part 3
= 50 + 20 + 18
= 88
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the IBS score we calculated is 88% which is considering high, which reflects
that the construction if carried out effectively and it achieved most of the features of IBS.
In IBS, precast concrete building is a very efficient construction method but without proper
management and planning since the stage of designing until the sealing and grouting of gaps,
many defects might happen in future such as water leakage and cracking of some part of the
components.
After analysing the types of IBS applied in the apartment building, we are able to develop a
better understanding on the characteristics of each structural components and how it affects
the IBS score.
We are then able to understand that IBS actually brings a lot of advantages to the
construction process such as a cleaner construction site, less wastage, faster completion of
work and etc. which resulted a lower total construction cost.
Thanks to this project, we learnt that IBS is a very good method to carry out a construction
and it has become a commonly used method for construction in Malaysia due to the limited
boundary of site condition and limited time to finish a project. But we have to be alert of
every single details in the process of construction and must always remember that, don’t let
this system restrict our mind from exploring the designs of a building.
33

36. Reference list:
1. Industrialised building system (IBS). (2017, September 27). Retrieved October 08, 2017, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrialised_building_system_(IBS)
2. 마 이환 Follow. (2014, July 04). Group Assignment：IBS System. Retrieved October 08, 2017,
from https://www.slideshare.net/x3HwaN/group-assignmentibs-system
3. Concrete masonry unit. (2017, September 30). Retrieved October 08, 2017, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit
4. Ibs Complete. (n.d.). Retrieved October 08, 2017, from
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