Portal frame construction by Rhythm MurgaiRhythm Murgai
This is the seconed part of slide from Portal fram.
If you want to see the previous slide,then go to my account and search for portal frame.
For queries : http://www.facebook.com/rhythmmurgai
or +919872297936
FOLLOW US ON http://www.instagram.com/jsrkofficial
A presentation with exhaustive information about the general idea of formwork, the various types, the newest introductions and a comparative study between the conventional and modern-day formwork.
It also includes the study of causes of failure of formwork and the safety measures to be taken for preventing failure.
Portal frame construction by Rhythm MurgaiRhythm Murgai
This is the seconed part of slide from Portal fram.
If you want to see the previous slide,then go to my account and search for portal frame.
For queries : http://www.facebook.com/rhythmmurgai
or +919872297936
FOLLOW US ON http://www.instagram.com/jsrkofficial
A presentation with exhaustive information about the general idea of formwork, the various types, the newest introductions and a comparative study between the conventional and modern-day formwork.
It also includes the study of causes of failure of formwork and the safety measures to be taken for preventing failure.
Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
Tall Structures
Usually structure or building having height more than 80m is considered as a tall structure.
Generally tall structure may be defined as one that because of its height it is affected by lateral.
Classification: 1. Multi storeyedresidential building.
2. Multi storeyedcommercial building.
3. Tall chimneys.
4. Transmission Towers
5. Cooling towers
Prestressed Concrete
•Prestressis defined as a method of applying pre-compression to control the stresses resulting due to external loads below the neutral axis of the beam tension developed due to external load which is more than the permissible limits of the plain concrete.
Demolition
•The action or process of destroying(demolishing)the building or other structures.
•In congested area, in particular, the quality of demolition technique becomes an essential element which determines the success of revitalization of city.
•In addition to efficiency in demolition, strategies must be adopted to avoid noise, vibration and dust which affect the surrounding environment and there must be efficient disposal of waste products
Modern construction formworks:-
1. Aluminium formwork
2. Precast system
3.Modular formwork
4.Tunnel formwork
5.Fiberglass shuttering
Description of each formwork with their advantages and disadvantages
Steel Fabrication Industry. Commercial Metal Fabrication. Profitable Business Ideas in Steel Industry
Steel Fabrication is the process involved in shaping, cutting and assembling components which are designed with steel. Industries in the fabricated steel sector transform steel into intermediate or end products, other than machinery, metal furniture, or treat metals and metal formed products fabricated elsewhere. Important fabricated steel processes are forging, stamping, bending, forming, and machining, used to shape individual pieces of the metal; and other processes, such as welding and assembling, used to join separate parts together.
See more
https://goo.gl/Sn3Vf6
https://goo.gl/egiqNd
https://goo.gl/WVfwfu
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
#Steel_Fabrication, #Structural_Steel_Fabrication, #Metal_Fabrication, Structural Steel Fabrication Process, #Steel_Fabricating_Process, Steel Fabrication Process Flow Chart, Metal Fabrication Process, #Metal_Fabrication_Industry, Structural Steel Design & Fabrication Process, Steel Fabrication Unit, Industrial Construction, #Steel_Fabrication_Industry, Commercial Industrial Steel Fabrication, Industrial Fabrication, Applications of Metal Fabrication, Steel Manufacturing Industry, Commercial Metal Fabrication, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing, Fabrication Business Ideas, #How_to_Start_your_own_Steel_Fabrication_Business, Fabrication Business Opportunities in India, Start a Metal Fabrication Business, #How_to_Start_a_Steel_Fabricators Business, Starting a Steel Fabrication Business, Want to Start a Steel Fabrication Business, Best Fabrication Business Ideas, How to Start a Steel Business, Fabrication Business, Profitable Steel Business Ideas, Steel Fabrication Business Ideas, Steel Business Opportunities, Project Report on Steel Fabrication Industry, #Detailed_Project_Report_on_Steel_Fabrication_Business, Project Report on Steel Fabrication, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Steel Fabrication, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Steel Fabrication Unit, #Feasibility_report_on_Steel_Fabrication_Industry, Free Project Profile on Steel Fabrication, Project profile on Steel Fabrication Business, Download free project profile on Steel Fabrication Industry
STEEL IN ARCHITECTURE-CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTUREMohd Azmatullah
Steel is crucial in development of economy and is considered as backbone of human civilization.
* Important milestones in Architecture was development of iron and steel in construction.
*New Method based in industrialization
DRYCONSTRUCTION, RATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY, RECIYCLING
*Steel buildings and bridges were being built in the latter part of the 19th century and early 20th century during the British era,
*New trend:-
Structural steel selectively used in the construction of high-rise buildings with 2-4/ projects/ year in India, mainly in metropolitan cities those are constrained by limited land availability.
*The evolution of steel frame construction in the 20th century entirely changed the concept of the Wall and the support.
*Steel is typical because of high tensile and compressive strengths
*steel buildings save time and money as compared to conventional building systems.
*Strong internal demand and emphasis on developing infrastructure can be expected to remain the foundation of Economic growth.
Industry and infrastructure segments can be expected, the key demand drivers for steel structures in India over the next 5 years.
*Overall, there is good potential for steel structures in India owing to robust economic growth, increased government spending on infrastructure and change in mindset with regards to use of structural steel in building.
Havit Steel Structure in design and fabricated Steel Structure Building,Prefab Steel Building,Steel Workshop,Steel Warehouse,Shed,Aircraft Hangar in China
After viewing this program, you will be able to:
• Identify the difference between precast/pre-stressed concrete and tilt up concrete structures
• Explain the benefits of using tilt up concrete
• Discuss the design considerations for tilt up concrete structures
• BIM into precast / Tilt up concrete
The tube is the name given to the systems where in order to resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, etc.) a building is designed to act like a three-dimensional hollow tube. The system was introduced by Fazlur Rahman Khan while at Skidmore, Owings and Merrill's (SOM) Chicago office. The first example of the tube’s use is the 43-story Khan-designed DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago, Illinois, completed in 1963.
The system can be constructed using steel, concrete, or composite construction (the discrete use of both steel and concrete). It can be used for office, apartment and mixed-use buildings. Most buildings in excess of 40 stories constructed in the United States since the 1960s are of this structural type. The tube system concept is based on the idea that a building can be designed to resist lateral loads by designing it as a hollow cantilever perpendicular to the ground.
In the simplest incarnation of the tube, the perimeter of the exterior consists of closely spaced columns that are tied together with deep beams through moment connections. This assembly of columns and beams forms a rigid frame that amounts to a dense and strong structural wall along the exterior of the building.
This exterior framing is designed sufficiently strong to resist all lateral loads on the building, thereby allowing the interior of the building to be simply framed for gravity loads. Interior columns are comparatively few and located at the core.
The distance between the exterior and the core frames is spanned with beams or trusses. This maximizes the effectiveness of the perimeter tube by transferring some of the gravity loads within the structure to it and increases its ability to resist overturning due to lateral loads.
Since 1963, a new structural system of framed tubes appeared in skyscraper design and construction.
Fazlur Khan defined the framed tube structure as "a three dimensional space structure composed of three, four, or possibly more frames, braced frames, or shear walls, joined at or near their edges to form a vertical tube-like structural system capable of resisting lateral forces in any direction by cantilevering from the foundation."Closely spaced interconnected exterior columns form the tube. Horizontal loads, for example wind, are supported by the structure as a whole. About half the exterior surface is available for windows. Framed tubes allow fewer interior columns, and so create more usable floor space. Where larger openings like garage doors are required, the tube frame must be interrupted, with transfer girders used to maintain structural integrity.
The first building to apply the tube-frame construction was the DeWitt-Chestnut apartment building which Khan designed(1963) and was completed in Chicago by 1965. This laid the foundations for the tube structures of many other later skyscrapers, including his own John Hancock Center and Willis Tower, and can been seen in the construction of the World Trade Cente
Building Technology 1 Construction Solutions Reportdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Building Technology (BLD 61403)
Portal Frame Construction & Pre Engineered Building SystemIan Toisa
A steel structure built over a structural concept of primary members, secondary members and the cover sheeting connected to each other. The structural member are custom designed to be lighter in weight as well as high in strength.
Tall Structures
Usually structure or building having height more than 80m is considered as a tall structure.
Generally tall structure may be defined as one that because of its height it is affected by lateral.
Classification: 1. Multi storeyedresidential building.
2. Multi storeyedcommercial building.
3. Tall chimneys.
4. Transmission Towers
5. Cooling towers
Prestressed Concrete
•Prestressis defined as a method of applying pre-compression to control the stresses resulting due to external loads below the neutral axis of the beam tension developed due to external load which is more than the permissible limits of the plain concrete.
Demolition
•The action or process of destroying(demolishing)the building or other structures.
•In congested area, in particular, the quality of demolition technique becomes an essential element which determines the success of revitalization of city.
•In addition to efficiency in demolition, strategies must be adopted to avoid noise, vibration and dust which affect the surrounding environment and there must be efficient disposal of waste products
Modern construction formworks:-
1. Aluminium formwork
2. Precast system
3.Modular formwork
4.Tunnel formwork
5.Fiberglass shuttering
Description of each formwork with their advantages and disadvantages
Steel Fabrication Industry. Commercial Metal Fabrication. Profitable Business Ideas in Steel Industry
Steel Fabrication is the process involved in shaping, cutting and assembling components which are designed with steel. Industries in the fabricated steel sector transform steel into intermediate or end products, other than machinery, metal furniture, or treat metals and metal formed products fabricated elsewhere. Important fabricated steel processes are forging, stamping, bending, forming, and machining, used to shape individual pieces of the metal; and other processes, such as welding and assembling, used to join separate parts together.
See more
https://goo.gl/Sn3Vf6
https://goo.gl/egiqNd
https://goo.gl/WVfwfu
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
#Steel_Fabrication, #Structural_Steel_Fabrication, #Metal_Fabrication, Structural Steel Fabrication Process, #Steel_Fabricating_Process, Steel Fabrication Process Flow Chart, Metal Fabrication Process, #Metal_Fabrication_Industry, Structural Steel Design & Fabrication Process, Steel Fabrication Unit, Industrial Construction, #Steel_Fabrication_Industry, Commercial Industrial Steel Fabrication, Industrial Fabrication, Applications of Metal Fabrication, Steel Manufacturing Industry, Commercial Metal Fabrication, Fabricated Structural Metal Manufacturing, Fabrication Business Ideas, #How_to_Start_your_own_Steel_Fabrication_Business, Fabrication Business Opportunities in India, Start a Metal Fabrication Business, #How_to_Start_a_Steel_Fabricators Business, Starting a Steel Fabrication Business, Want to Start a Steel Fabrication Business, Best Fabrication Business Ideas, How to Start a Steel Business, Fabrication Business, Profitable Steel Business Ideas, Steel Fabrication Business Ideas, Steel Business Opportunities, Project Report on Steel Fabrication Industry, #Detailed_Project_Report_on_Steel_Fabrication_Business, Project Report on Steel Fabrication, Pre-Investment Feasibility Study on Steel Fabrication, Techno-Economic feasibility study on Steel Fabrication Unit, #Feasibility_report_on_Steel_Fabrication_Industry, Free Project Profile on Steel Fabrication, Project profile on Steel Fabrication Business, Download free project profile on Steel Fabrication Industry
STEEL IN ARCHITECTURE-CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTUREMohd Azmatullah
Steel is crucial in development of economy and is considered as backbone of human civilization.
* Important milestones in Architecture was development of iron and steel in construction.
*New Method based in industrialization
DRYCONSTRUCTION, RATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY, RECIYCLING
*Steel buildings and bridges were being built in the latter part of the 19th century and early 20th century during the British era,
*New trend:-
Structural steel selectively used in the construction of high-rise buildings with 2-4/ projects/ year in India, mainly in metropolitan cities those are constrained by limited land availability.
*The evolution of steel frame construction in the 20th century entirely changed the concept of the Wall and the support.
*Steel is typical because of high tensile and compressive strengths
*steel buildings save time and money as compared to conventional building systems.
*Strong internal demand and emphasis on developing infrastructure can be expected to remain the foundation of Economic growth.
Industry and infrastructure segments can be expected, the key demand drivers for steel structures in India over the next 5 years.
*Overall, there is good potential for steel structures in India owing to robust economic growth, increased government spending on infrastructure and change in mindset with regards to use of structural steel in building.
Havit Steel Structure in design and fabricated Steel Structure Building,Prefab Steel Building,Steel Workshop,Steel Warehouse,Shed,Aircraft Hangar in China
After viewing this program, you will be able to:
• Identify the difference between precast/pre-stressed concrete and tilt up concrete structures
• Explain the benefits of using tilt up concrete
• Discuss the design considerations for tilt up concrete structures
• BIM into precast / Tilt up concrete
The tube is the name given to the systems where in order to resist lateral loads (wind, seismic, etc.) a building is designed to act like a three-dimensional hollow tube. The system was introduced by Fazlur Rahman Khan while at Skidmore, Owings and Merrill's (SOM) Chicago office. The first example of the tube’s use is the 43-story Khan-designed DeWitt-Chestnut Apartment Building in Chicago, Illinois, completed in 1963.
The system can be constructed using steel, concrete, or composite construction (the discrete use of both steel and concrete). It can be used for office, apartment and mixed-use buildings. Most buildings in excess of 40 stories constructed in the United States since the 1960s are of this structural type. The tube system concept is based on the idea that a building can be designed to resist lateral loads by designing it as a hollow cantilever perpendicular to the ground.
In the simplest incarnation of the tube, the perimeter of the exterior consists of closely spaced columns that are tied together with deep beams through moment connections. This assembly of columns and beams forms a rigid frame that amounts to a dense and strong structural wall along the exterior of the building.
This exterior framing is designed sufficiently strong to resist all lateral loads on the building, thereby allowing the interior of the building to be simply framed for gravity loads. Interior columns are comparatively few and located at the core.
The distance between the exterior and the core frames is spanned with beams or trusses. This maximizes the effectiveness of the perimeter tube by transferring some of the gravity loads within the structure to it and increases its ability to resist overturning due to lateral loads.
Since 1963, a new structural system of framed tubes appeared in skyscraper design and construction.
Fazlur Khan defined the framed tube structure as "a three dimensional space structure composed of three, four, or possibly more frames, braced frames, or shear walls, joined at or near their edges to form a vertical tube-like structural system capable of resisting lateral forces in any direction by cantilevering from the foundation."Closely spaced interconnected exterior columns form the tube. Horizontal loads, for example wind, are supported by the structure as a whole. About half the exterior surface is available for windows. Framed tubes allow fewer interior columns, and so create more usable floor space. Where larger openings like garage doors are required, the tube frame must be interrupted, with transfer girders used to maintain structural integrity.
The first building to apply the tube-frame construction was the DeWitt-Chestnut apartment building which Khan designed(1963) and was completed in Chicago by 1965. This laid the foundations for the tube structures of many other later skyscrapers, including his own John Hancock Center and Willis Tower, and can been seen in the construction of the World Trade Cente
Building Technology 1 Construction Solutions Reportdouglasloon
Taylor's University Lakeside Campus
School of Architecture, Building & Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Building Technology (BLD 61403)
This project requires students to write a comparative analysis essay based on findings from a case study and local site research in Kajang Old Town. Students are to examine similarities and dissimilarities based on the patterns of social activities, types of ‘contact points’. And the varying degrees of contact intensity between the two cities. A comparative analysis essay is a commonly used type of writing assignment where students are require to critically analyze any two subjects, finding and pointing out their similarities and/or dissimilarities. Students are expected to research for information from publications, internet and other relevant sources. For local site, students are expected to conduct own site observation (Studio). Essay is to be supported with images and diagrams relevant to support and interpret analysis of the site and its qualities.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
Ideal for homeowners, tech enthusiasts, and industry professionals, this presentation provides valuable insights into the trends, benefits, and future developments in smart garage technology. Stay ahead of the curve with our expert analysis and practical tips on implementing smart garage solutions.
Expert Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) Drafting ServicesResDraft
Whether you’re looking to create a guest house, a rental unit, or a private retreat, our experienced team will design a space that complements your existing home and maximizes your investment. We provide personalized, comprehensive expert accessory dwelling unit (ADU)drafting solutions tailored to your needs, ensuring a seamless process from concept to completion.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
Top 5 Indian Style Modular Kitchen DesignsFinzo Kitchens
Get the perfect modular kitchen in Gurgaon at Finzo! We offer high-quality, custom-designed kitchens at the best prices. Wardrobes and home & office furniture are also available. Free consultation! Best Quality Luxury Modular kitchen in Gurgaon available at best price. All types of Modular Kitchens are available U Shaped Modular kitchens, L Shaped Modular Kitchen, G Shaped Modular Kitchens, Inline Modular Kitchens and Italian Modular Kitchen.
Building Technology I : Project 2 : Construction Solutions
1. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I (BLD61403)
PROJECT 2 : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS
KOH JING FAN
0330792
TUTOR : MR. MOHAMED RIZAL MOHAMED
2. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
01 Introduction
1.1 The Site - Old Town Kajang
1.2 Studio Design Project
02 Precedent Study & Analysis
2.1 Structural System - Steel Frame System
2.2 Floor System - Composite Floor System
2.3 Roof System - Metal Deck Roof With mineral wool
2.4 Facade System 1 - Double Skin Facade System
2.5 Facade System 2 - Perforated Concrete Block Facade
03 Facade Design Scheme
04 Sectional Perspectives
4.1 Ground Floor Lobby
4.2 Second Floor Theatre
05 References
3. 01 INTRODUCTION
Location : Kajang Old Town, Malaysia
Along Jalan Tukang
Plot Size : 573.1m2
1.1 The Site - Kajang
Kajang Old Town
Site Plan (nts)
The Site :
The site is a combination of several shop lots along Jalan Tukang. It sits right next to a pocket green public space connecting to a narrow walkway towards the back lane. Along Jalan Tukang, there is a mixture
from traditional shophouses to modernised 5 storey buildings. The odd contradiction in architecture style is the effect from the layering of different cultures and development through the years.
The site is lack of positive public spaces causing visitors to only come-and-go, which is an important issue to overcome in order to let people acknowledge the historical value of Kajang Old Town. The
Recently, more and more infrastructure have found themselves swarming in to take part in the rapid development of the town which is a great opportunity to expose this town.
4. Design brief:
The brief requires a design that fits in the site
context as a performing arts centre in a urban
block form. The building should respond to the
urban street and user behavioural pattern as
analysed in earlier studies.
1.1 The Site - Kajang
Building Type : Corner Infill Lot
Building Function : Performing Arts Centre
Building Floor Area : 1200m2 - 1300m2
Building Storey : 3-5 storeys high
Location : Kajang Old Town, Malaysia
Along Jalan Tukang
Design statement:
The intention and outcome of the design is to
encourage users to linger around the building and
site in order to slow down their pace and take
notice of the finer details left as traces by the
many different cultures that painted the site
throughout the years.
Site A
Jalan Tukang
5. 1. Pre-fabricated in factory,
quick and easy to set up on
site
2. Flexible and resistant to wind
and earthquake force
3. Strong and durable
4. Wide range of pre-made
structural sections available
and are suitable to clad with
any material.
5. Able to span long distances
6. Variety of joining methods
02 PRECEDENT STUDY & ANALYSIS
THE SPRING HOUSE // Wu & Liu Architects
Location : Guiren District, Taiwan
Area : 288sqm
Project Year : 2015
2.1 Structural System - Steel Frame System
// Introduction
The Spring House aimed to combine the client’s unique personal living space and the temporary living space for her friends. The architect combined
steel, bricks, concrete and metal plates to form the framework of traditional architecture and spatial order as a starting point to reinterpret modern
residential construction.
1. Loses strength at high
temperature and susceptible
to fire so coating are required
2. Prone to corrosion in tropical
and humid weather
3. Increment of skilled labour
// Materials
Structural Steel I-beam
Shape, size and strength are
regulated by standards which
simplifies the design and
construction
// Integration to Performing Arts Centre
1. With steel frame being able to span a relatively longer distance, it is suitable for the construction for the performing arts centre as there is a long span
from the front to rear. At the same time, reduces number of columns.
2. Fast and easy assembly construction prevents disturbance to neighbouring activities to accommodate the high movement traffic on site.
3. The possibility in combination of block structure creates a raw and unique sense of style that corresponds to the neighbouring shophouses that
exists in a mixture of both traditional and modern architecture.
6. // Construction Process
// Construction Details
Multi layer metal wall panel
Steel column
Fire resistance coating
Steel beam
Reinforced brick
masonry wall
Composite Steel Flooring
Reinforced brick
masonry wall
Reinforced concrete
Concrete Pad Footing
Sectional detail of the spring house
1. After setting up the concrete foundation, steel base plates are anchored and attached to the
foundation with four anchoring bolts. The plates are levelled on a bed of non-shrinking grout.
2. The steel columns are lowered and welded to these base plates. The plates are used to transfer
concentrated load from the columns to the ground
3. Primary ground floor beams are connected to the columns via fin plates. The plates are welded
with the column and bolted to the web of the beams.
4. Secondary floor beams are connected to the primary beams through a similar method.
5. The ground flooring is prepared through composite decking. The composite process is done by
welding shear studs through the steel decking to the supporting steel beam below Infill brick
walls are then placed.
6. For the upper floors, more columns are ere cred and connected through splices. The splices
provide strength and stiffness to both the columns. The splices are bolted to both the columns.
7. The process is repeated for the flooring system
Steel column is
welded to its steel
base plate after the
plate after the plate is
levelled on a bed of
non-shrinking grout
Steel beams are
connected to
columns via fin
plates through
welding and bolting
Composite flooring
system by welding
shear studs to the
supporting metal
steel beam below
More columns are
connected through
splices by using bolts
1 2 3 4
7. 1. Speed and ease of construction
2. Reduce structural steel frame
cost
3.Decrease structural steel frame
weight. Hence, reduce
foundation cost
4.Can cover a larger space
without intermediate columns
5.Encased steel beam have higher
resistance to fire and corrosion
02 PRECEDENT STUDY & ANALYSIS
THE SPRING HOUSE // Wu & Liu Architects
Location : Guiren District, Taiwan
Area : 288sqm
Project Year : 2015
2.2 Floor System - Composite Floor System
1. Temperature sensitive
2. Wears easily
3. Damaged or faded material
must be replaced
// Materials
Corrugated steel sheet profile
Provides support to concrete
// Integration to Performing Arts Centre
1. Lightweight of composite flooring reduce the weight applied on the structural steel
frame, which may also decrease foundation costs.
2. Stronger and lighter characteristics allows reduction on other structural elements.
3. Flexibility in design allowed with the reduction of size in structural elements.
4. Able to withstand the live and dead load with sufficient amount of strength
Anti-fracture mesh
To prevent fractures on slab
Concrete
Poured directly to composite
slab
8. // Construction Process // Construction Details
1. 1. Trapezoidal steel decking is places and spanned in a direction transverse to the
secondary floor beams
2. The decking is rigidly connected to the primary and secondary beams by shear studs,
which are connected through deck-welding techniques
3. Steel mesh reinforcement, i.e. rebars, is placed above the steel decking to provide bending
resistance and reduce cracking at the supports. The mesh also aids the distribution of the
effects of localised point and line loads
4. The profiled steel decking acts as a formwork during construction and additional external
reinforcement at the final stage of construction when reinforced concrete is cast on top of
it
Composite
Composite decking serves as tensile reinforcement for the concrete slab to which it
bonded with embossed rib patterns. Composite action between the concrete slab
and the floor beams or joist can be achieved buy welding shear studs through the
decking to the supporting beam below
Effective breadth
Idealised available compressive area of slab
Metal Decking Shear connector
Steel beam
Concrete flange of
composite beam
Shear connection detail
Shear connectors can be welded on, perhaps using a ‘stud welder’, or better still on export
work, by fixing nuts and bolts
Gauge : 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 & 1.2mm
Gauge
142
63
60
204
Maximum length : 12 meters
Metal decking detail
Reinforced concrete cast in-situ
Mesh reinforcement
Metal deck profile
Shear stud
Beam
Composite decking components
Girder
9. 1. Good sound-absorbing effect
2. Fire resistant
3. Light weight
4. Highly efficient energy-saving
building material
5. Able to withstand almost any
weather condition
6. Good durability
02 PRECEDENT STUDY & ANALYSIS
KORDA STUDIOS // Bastien And Associates, INC.
Location :Etyek, Hungary
Area : 5856sqm (Superstage)
Project Year : 2009
2.3 Roof System - Metal Deck Roof with Mineral Wool
1. Mineral wool has weaker
strength
2. Higher cost
3. More difficult to install
// Materials
Steel Roof Decking
Comes in various profiles and
depths to suit different loads
and span conditions
// Introduction
Korda Studios is constructed as sets to cater various filming environment needs. The sound stages, a common use of
soundproof, hangar-like structure, used for the production of theatrical filmmaking and television productions, can be found in a
total of 6.
// Integration to Performing Arts Centre
1. The performing arts centre caters a theatre on the top level. It is necessary to construct a sound proofing roof system to
not affect the experience of the audiences towards the performances no matter the weather condition.
2. Materials can be easily sourced in Malaysia
3. The use of metal decking is also used extensively around the site. Therefore, it blends in well with neighbouring
buildings.
Steel Z-Purlin
Framing member to support
metal decking as it has high
compressive strength and
durability
Galvanized Steel Flashing
To prevent the passage of
water into the building from
roof joint
Mineral wool
To enhance sound proof effect
10. // Construction Process
// Construction Details
1. Roof frames/truss of steel/wood are fabricated and secured onto the beam
2. Purlins are installed and attached to roof frames/truss with spacing of metal deck length to
support roofing materials.
3. Insulation and netting are installed before layering the metal decks.
4. Metal roof decks are then secured on top of the purlins
5. The metal roof decks are connected to purlins via bolting into the principal purlins using
struts and bolts.
6. Steel gutter is installed along the roof edges and concealed to remain the aesthetic of metal
decks
7. Galvanized steel flashing is applied at joints to prevent rain leakage.
External metal deck
Bracket
Steel Z-purlin
Thermal break pad
Inner liner panel
Mineral wool
insulation tucked
under rail Rail
Metal Decking Roof to Roof framing connection
Overlapping Metal Sheets Mounting Detail
Concealed Gutter Connection Detail
Stitch screw
(sheet to sheet)
Tek screw
Venting above insulation
Wrap flashing
down into gutter
Continuous
metal gutter
Vent holes and rainscreen
application at standing seam
metal
Rainscreen vertical
runners
2x10 Framing
11. 1. Energy efficient
2. Passive vented system
promotes controlled
convection within the wall
cavity, mitigating extreme
temperatures on the exterior,
reduces interior temperature
02 PRECEDENT STUDY & ANALYSIS
BUSINESS PROMOTION CENTRE // fOSTER + pARTNERS
Location : Duisburg, Germany
Project Year : 1993
2.4 Facade System 1 - Double Skin Facade System
1. Decrease usable floor space
2. Increases construction cost
// Materials
Laminated safety glass
Protection against weather
// Introduction
The Business Promotion Centre demonstrates that sensible energy systems can, in some cases, help to reduce the first cost
of a building; it is a landmark in the quest to revive business and promote social change in the Ruhr area.
// Integration to Performing Arts Centre
1. The atrium of the performing arts centre requires direct visibility from the outside but at the same time needs adequate
cooling system by being in a tropical country. The double-skin facade acts as the design solution that reduces solar heat
gain in the interior spaces, at the same time do not obstruct views between outside and inside.
2. Offers glare protection to keep the users’ comfort indoors and promotes good daylighting method which subsequently
minimizes the need of artificial lighting.
Double pane glass
For thermal insulation
Aluminium frame
Framing system
12. // Construction Process // Construction Details
1. Aluminium framing components and glass panels are pre-fabricated and brought to site for
installation
2. Brackets installation will be carried out from the outside by scaffolding.
3. Trained operatives will fix the brackets at set out points.
4. Middle transoms will be securely fastened to the mullions by screws which will form the
cruciform joint.
5. Connection between two panels are carried out
6. The same procedure is carried out for the adjacent panel
Fireproofed steel framing
Welded catwalk assembly
anchored to structural stay
for horizontal load resistance
Double layer of low iron
U-profile glass units with
translucent insulation
Single layer laminated glass
wall system
Composite Flooring
Composite lightweight steel
deck roofing
Sectional detail of Double skin facade
Isometric view showing air cavity incorporating
into the ventilation system
Bracket fixing detail
Drainage spout
Internal joint spigot, minimum
length 600mm, positioned
central to expansion joint
Anchor bolt
Building structure
Movement joint
Mullion Expansion joint
Mullion section tied
back to structure
Pressure plate
Cover cap
13. 1. Simple to fabricate and build
for rapid construction
2.. Great flexibility in design
3. High thermal mass, providing
cooling effect to the building
4. Allows ventilation
5. Ease of maintenance
02 PRECEDENT STUDY & ANALYSIS
COCOON HOUSE // Ta Tien Vinh & Truong Tuan Chung
Location : Vietnam
Project Year : 2016
2.5 Facade System 2 - Vent Block Facade
1. Smaller units requiring
increase in number of
components
// Materials
Ventilation Blocks
The raw texture and its slow
change in physical properties
gives an appealing effect in
aesthetics
// Introduction
The Cocoon House is a block in a row house in the expensive New Urban area, but now seem to be neglected after the
economic crisis in Vietnam. The old balconies of the Cocoon house at both end are skinned with ventilation brick block,
Inside this skin is the green space for rain, wind and sunlight to shine through. This in a way can be seen as a cocoon, where
we still have access to nature but also appreciated the security factor.
// Integration to Performing Arts Centre
1. Maximises cross ventilation in order to adapt into the tropical climate.
2 Gives a sense of privacy but at the same time do not block off contact between people on the inside and outside, keeping
the interaction and pick curiosity of pedestrians.
3. The vent blocks are a trend used around site for its aesthetics and functionality. Hence, it also allows the building to
further blend in with the neighbouring shophouses.
Steel Square Pipes
Supports overlimit height of
vent block facade as it has
high corrosion resistance and
high strength properties
T1 Steel Plates
To attach vent blocks with
structural frame due to its
high strength properties
14. // Construction Process
// Construction Details
1. Spread a layer of mortar on the ground slab
2. Lay the vent blocks accordingly ro desired patterns
3. Use mortar to fill the joints between vent blocks
Concrete beam and column
Vent block
Vent block
Tempered glass
L-angle
Concrete floor beam
Tempered glass
Vent Block
Concrete floor beam
T1 Steel plate
T1 Steel plate
T1 Steel plate
Tempered glass
Detail A
A
Partial section
Vent Blocks to Building structure connection
1 , Partial ;Enlarged Elevation
1
15. 03 FACADE DESIGN SCHEME
Steel plates used to connect vent block facade
with concrete structure building via square
steel pipes
Concrete screeding used to
join vent blocks together Double skin facade to minimise solar heat
gain, at the same time maximise visuality
Front Elevation
Scale 1:100
17. 04 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
4.1 Ground Floor Lobby
Double-skin facade
Double layer of low iron
U-profile glass units with
translucent insulation
Single layer laminated glass
wall system
Composite Flooring
Steel column
Aluminium framing
18. 4.2 First Floor Cafe
Metal roof decking
Vent Block
PurlinMineral wool insulation
Rafter
Vent block attaching to
concrete slab using TI steel
plates
Theatre
Steel frame support for
audience seatings
19. 05 REFERENCES
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Jul. 2019].
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http://northern-weldarc.com/advantages-disadvantages-structural-steel-structures/ [Accessed 10 Jul. 2019].
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