Building Technology I : Project 1 : IBS

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I
(BLD61403)
Project 1: Industrialised Building System
Chow Wei Qi
Koh Jing Fan
Yap Shu Won
Grace Wong
Lim Men Horng
0331447
0330792
0331392
0324575
0324530
Tutor : Mr Rizal
1

5.0 SCHEDULE OF MODULAR COMPONENTS
5.1 Blockwork
5.2 Slab
5.3 Lintel
5.4 Staircase
5.5 Door
5.6 Window
5.7 Roof
6.0 IBS SCORE CALCULATION
7.0 CONCLUSION
8.0 REFERENCES
CONTENT
1.0 CONCEPT AND FRAMEWORK
1.1 Introduction to IBS
1.2 Types of IBS System
1.3 Proposed IBS System: Blockwork System
1,4 Case study
2.0 IBS COMPONENTS
2.1 Types of Blockwork Used
2.2 Wall to Wall
2.3 Column and Beam
2.4 Precast Hollow Core Slab
2.5 Door and Window
2.6 Precast Staircase
2.7 Roof
3.0 SEQUENCE OF CONSTRUCTION
3.1 Construction Process On-Site
3.2 Construction Process Of Model
4.0 DRAWINGS
4.1 Architectural Plan
4.2 Roof Plan
4.3 Elevations
4.4 Sections
4.5 Sectional Perspective
4.6 Axonometric Drawing
4.7 Foundation Plan
4.8 First & Second Floor Structure Plan
4.9 Structural Roof Plan
2
3
10
17
19
38
46
47
48

DISADVANTAGES
High initial costs - For specialised machines for casting in components and
investment in training workforce to ensure quality of workmanship.
Can only be used for large scale projects - The lack of volume to economically
use IBS discourages contractors to use IBS. It is not possible to use IBS in small
or medium projects because IBS is based on mass production to reduce costs.
Requires highly skilled labour - Intensive education and training needed to
ensure quality of workmanship.
Low Supply - IBS construction has yet to be fully incorporated in the local
construction industry, causing limited numbers of IBS manufactures and
suppliers.
Rigidity of building (Long Term) - Completed structures cannot be renovated
due to specific dimensions of building components.
ADVANTAGES
Reduces construction costs - By repetitive use of system of formwork made
up of steel/aluminium and scaffolding which reduces wastage after
construction is done.
Construction process not affected by weather conditions - The components
are done beforehand in a factory controlled environment.
Required labour at site is reduced - Prefabrication takes place at a centralised
factory.
Faster construction duration - Casting of components at factory and
foundation cast in-situ can occur simultaneously.
High quality of components ensured - Strict quality assurance control and
prefabrication of components at a controlled environment.
1.0 CONCEPT & FRAMEWORK
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)
Industrialized Building System (IBS) is a construction technique whereby building
components are manufactured in factories then transported and assembled into a
structure with limited on site work. The benefits of IBS are clear and eminent as it allows
for building to be constructed in a shorter time span and with greatly reduced activities at
the construction site, which in turn provides tremendous cost savings to the builders.
There are six main IBS groups identified as being popularly used in Malaysia, namely (i)
Precast concrete framing, panel and box systems, (ii) Steel formwork system, (iii) Steel
framing system, (iv) Timber framing system, (v) Blockwork system, and (vi) Innovative
system.
Construction Industry Development Board (CIBD)
3

1.2 TYPES OF IBS SYSTEM
STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM
This IBS is commonly used with precast concrete slabs,
steel columns/beams and steel framing systems, and is
used extensively in the fast-track construction of
skyscrapers. Apart from that, it is extensively used for
light steel trusses consisting of cost-effective profiled,
cold-formed channels and steel portal frame systems
as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled
sections.
STEEL FORMWORK SYSTEM
This IBS is made up of tunnel forms, beams and
columns moulding forms, and permanent steel
formworks. This system is the least prefabricated
among the IBS, as it normally involves site casting.
Therefore, it is subject to structural quality control,
high-quality finishes and fast construction with less site
labour and material requirement.
PREFABRICATED TIMBER FRAMING SYSTEM
It consists of timber building frames and timber roof
trusses. Although the latter is more common, timber
building frame systems also offer interesting designs
from simple dwelling units to buildings such as chalets
for resorts.
PRECAST CONCRETE SYSTEM
This IBS consists of precast concrete columns, beams,
slabs, walls, “3D” components (e.g. balconies, staircases,
toilets, lift chambers, refuse chambers), lightweight
precast concrete and permanent concrete formworks.
BLOCK WORK SYSTEM
It includes of interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU)
and lightweight concrete blocks. The block system is
mainly used for non-structural wall as an alternative to
conventional brick and plaster.
INNOVATIVE SYSTEM
Innovative system incorporates various green elements,
which are considered innovative in this system. The
examples include mixture of polystyrene and concrete
to produce the IBS components of a wall to enhance
thermal insulation properties. Others materials
introduced in IBS include gypsum, wood wool, polymer,
fiberglass and aluminium-based IBS components.
4
Figure 1.1 : Example of precast
concrete system
Figure 1.2 : Example of
blockwork system
innovative system
Figure 1.1 : Example of steel
framing system
Figure 1.5 : Example of steel
formwork system
prefabricated timber framing

1.3.1 TYPES OF CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT (CMU)
SOLID BLOCK
Solid concrete blocks as no formed voids, they are
commonly used, which are heavy in weight and
manufactured from dense aggregate. It is strong
and provides good stability to the structures. Its is
mostly used for load bearing and exposed work in
industrial building.
They are available in large sizes comparing to
bricks. It consumes lesser time to construct
masonry than brick masonry.
HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK
Hollow concrete blocks have one or more hollow
cores which fully penetrates the block. These cores
reduce the total cross-sectional area of the block
by at least 25 percent. Standard hollow concrete
blocks come in full and half sizes. Full-size blocks
are rectangular and have two cores. They are
normally used for load bearing and hard wearing
industrial and agricultural buildings.
CONCRETE PILLAR BLOCK
Pillar Block is also known as double corner
block. These are normally used when two ends
of the corner are visible. In case of piers or pillars
these blocks are widely used.
CONCRETE STRETCHER BLOCK
Concrete stretcher blocks are used to join the
corner in the masonry. Stretcher Blocks are
widely used concrete hollow blocks in
construction. They are laid with their length
length parallel to the face of the wall.
CONCRETE CORNER BLOCK
Corner blocks are used at the ends or corners of
masonry. The ends may be window or door
openings etc. they are arranged in a manner that
their plane end visible to the outside and other
end is locked with the stretcher block.
1.3.2 TYPES OF HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK
1.3 INTRODUCTION TO BLOCKWORK SYSTEM
Blockwork System is a construction that involves concrete or cement blocks
that are larger than a standard clay or concrete brick. They have a hollow core to
make them lighter and easier to work with, which also improves their insulation
capacity. They are available in a variety of densities to suit different applications.
Their convenience and cost effectiveness have made them a popular alternative
to clay bricks although they need an additional finish for reasons of aesthetics
and water resistance. They are frequently used to build retaining walls and
internal partition walls.
5
Figure 1.9 : Concrete stretcher block
Figure 1.10 : Concrete corner block
Figure 1.11 : Concrete pillar block
Figure 1.7 : Solid block
Figure 1.8 :Hollow concrete block

1.3.2 TYPES OF HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCKS
BULLNOSE BLOCK
Bullnose blocks are similar to corner blocks. Their
roles are also the same but when rounded edges
are needed at the corner, bullnose bricks are
preferred.
LINTEL BLOCK
Lintel Block is used for the purpose of provision of
beam or lintel beam. Lintel beam is generally
provided on the top portion of doors and windows,
which carries the load coming from top. Concrete
lintel blocks have deep groove along the length of
block as shown in ﬁgure. After placing the blocks,
this groove is ﬁlled with concrete along with
reinforcement.
JAMB CONCRETE BLOCKS
Jamb blocks are used when there is an
elaborated window opening in the wall. They are
connected to stretcher and corner blocks. For the
provision of double hung windows, jamb blocks
are very useful to provide space for the casing
members of window.
FROGGED BRICK BLOCK
Frogged brick block contains a frog on its top
along with header and stretcher like frogged
brick. This frog will helps the block to hold
mortar and to develop the strong bond with top
laying block.
6
Figure 1.12 : Bullnose block
Figure 1.13 : Lintel block
Figure 1.14 :Jamb concrete blocks
Figure 1.15 : Frogged brick block

1.3.3 FABRICATION PROCESS FOR BLOCKWORK
SELECTION & PROPORTION OF
INGREDIENTS
The main criteria for the selection of
the ingredients are the desired
strength of the block. The greater the
proportion of coarse aggregate, the
greater will be the strength of the
quantity of cement used.
CURING
The concrete block need to be
kept in the mold for 24 hours for
drying. Then remove the concrete
block from the mold and put it in
a water tank for curing. The curing
process will provide the required
compressive strength and will
take around two weeks.
CUBING & STORING
Cured blocks are passed through a
cuber which aligns each block. The
blocks are then being stacked up in
three across by six deep by three to
four blocks high.
1
2
3
4
MIXING
The blending of aggregates, cement
and water should be done very
carefully, preferably take place in a
mechanical mixer. For hand mixing,
extreme care should be taken to see
that the cement and aggregates are
ﬁrst mixed thoroughly in dry state and
the water is then added gradually.
2
MOULDING
The mixed concrete material is fed into
the mould box up to the top level and it
is ensured that the box is evenly ﬁlled.
The vibration of concrete is done till it
has uniformly settled in the mould box.
Ratio
Cement : Sand : Gravel
1 : 2 : 3
7
Figure 1.16 : Mixing correct ratio of cement,
sand and gravel to create a perfect grout
for blockwork system
Figure 1.17 : Mechanical mixer
Diagram 1.1 : Blocks are produced by using mould box.
Figure 1.19 : Curing of blocks
Figure 1.20 : Curing of blocks
Diagram 1.2 : Cubing and storing of blocks
Figure 1.20 : Cubing and storing of blocks
Figure 1.21 : Cubing and storing of blocks

1.4 CASE STUDY
Description: 11 buildings with functions of classrooms, labs, workshops,
OKU, admin, canteen guardhouse, etc.
Location : Bandar Enstek, Negeri Sembilan
Construction period: 24 months
Project tema:
Project Management Consultan: NIL Management Consultancy
Architect: Syed Ahmad Ibrahim Associate Architects Sdn. Bhd.
Consulting Engineer: ATE Consult Sdn. Bhd. ‘ Perunding Inovasi
Contractor: Dasacon Sdm. Bhd.
Manufacturer: Integrated Brickworks Sdn. Bhd.
IBS system: Load bearing Blockwork System
IBS Products/components: Concrete Masonry System
Component IBS Factor Analysis
Structural:
Slab : Precast concrete slab
Roof: Prefab metal roof truss
0.8
1.0
Full IBS Factor
Full IBS Factor
Wall: Blockwork System 0.5 Partial IBS Factor
Conventional construction Precast components
Foundation Prefabricated concrete staircase
Prefabricated concrete slab
Prefabricated blockwork
Prefabricated metal roof truss
8
Figure 1.22 : SMK Bandar Enstek Secondary School

Blockwork system used to construct columns and wall panels for the
classrooms. Concrete blocks used are hollow at the centre to reduce the
overall weight of the block. The holes at the centre of the block will be filled
with reinforced concrete and rebar to improve its durability and strength.
The beginning construction of the laboratory. The ground is filled with wet
concrete for stability and is trowelled to smoothen the surface. Concrete
blocks are the stacked for the wall panel.
CLASSROOM
lABORATORY
WORKSHOP
Blockwork is also used to construct the workshop for the secondary school.
Block are stacked at the edge to build wall panels. Block wall is left with an
appealing face-brick finish and left exposed..
9
Figure 1.23 & Figure 1.24 : Classroom construction
Figure 1.25 & Figure 1.26 : Workshop construction
Figure 1.27 & Figure 1.28 : Workshop construction

2.0 IBS COMPONENTS
2.1 TYPES OF BLOCKWORKS USED
HOLLOW STRETCHER BLOCK HOLLOW CORNER BLOCK HALF HOLLOW CORNER BLOCK
Diagram 1.3 : Hollow Stretcher Block
Diagram 1.4 : Hollow Corner Block Diagram 1.5 : Half Hollow Corner Block
200mm
400mm
200mm
200mm
400mm
200mm
200mm 200mm
200mm
CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT BLOCKS (CMU)
To build up the walls Used for when the end of the block is
exposed to the outside
Used when the end of the block connects with the corner
of another block of build-up wall and also window and
door frame
Concrete masonry unit
(CMU) is a standard size
rectangular block used in
building up load bearing
walls. These blocks are
hollow to allow rebar
reinforcements to take
place and further
strengthen the structural
performance.
IBS Factor : 0.5 (Half IBS factors)
Concrete Grade : Grade 20
Mix Ratio (Cement:Sand:Aggregates) : 1 : 1.5 : 3
Compressive Strength : 7.5 N/mm^2
SUITABILITY
The walls itself act as the core structural system to withstand various
loads. The high compressive strength together with the reinforcements are
bound to provide adequate stability and durability.
Figure 1.29 : Construction of CMU
These requirements complies
to MS 1064 for the adequate
high compressive strength.
FABRICATION PROCESS
Mixing raw materials Moulding concrete mix
Curing concrete Cubing and Storing Deliver to site
(Nitterhouse, 2019)
Gathering raw materials
1 2 3
4
1
5
5
1
6
6
10

2.0 IBS COMPONENTS
2.2 WALL TO WALL
1. Footing must have twice the width of the
block. Reference lines are placed with thread or
chalk and a test is performed without mortar.
2. Mix the mortar and spread it onto the footing
over the width of a block. The initial layer
should be 2.5 cm thick.
3. The blocks are placed from the corners and
block is applied to their vertical joints.© Jo
4. At the end of each row, check that they are
aligned, vertically and horizontally, and hit
them to adjust them if necessary. Repeat the
process for all the designed walls.
5. The connection of the holes in each unit
begins to generate a continuous vertical cavity
where metallic reinforcements can be inserted.
6. When verifying that the mortar is hard
enough to mark a footprint, you must ﬁnish and
equalize the joints and clean the excess.
11
Figure 1.30 : Footing Figure 1.31 : Spreading mortar Figure 1.32 : Assembling block
Figure 1.33 : Aligning Figure 1.34 : Reinforcement Figure 1.35 : cleaning

2.0 IBS COMPONENTS
SUITAINABILITY
As blockwork system is used for the multi-storey apartment, hollow core slab
acts as a cost-effective method of creating floors and ceilings to reduce
structural weight of the apartment. The hollow core slab is further reinforced
with steel strand running longitudinally through the hollow core to increase its
strength and durability.
HOLLOW CORE SLAB DETAIL
Diagram 1.6 :section of a precast, prestressed concrete hollow-core floor panel with continuous longitudinal voids
IBS Factor : 0.8(Full IBS factors)
FABRICATION PROCESS
Prestressed precast hollow
core slab system is one of
the most widely and
commonly used precast
concrete flooring system
for construction of floors in
multi-story apartment
buildings. It has tubular
voids extending the full
length of the slab, which
substantially reduces its
weight while maximising its
structural efficiency..
ADVANTAGES
● Large Span Length - tubular, hollowed-out voids increases valuable spaces as
it reduces the needs of excessive steel and masonry as well as support
structure installation, allowing it to be a lightweight material.
● Hasty Installation - delivered to site install-ready with elimination of
cast-in-place concrete production.
● Fire Resistance - able to withstand up to 4 hours of fire damage,
● Cost Savings - lower material and maintenance costs, faster construction time.
2.4 PRECAST HOLLOW CORE SLAB
Steel Wire
Prestressing
Casting Bed cleaning
& Pulling Strands
Extrusion Hollow design
with plotter
Concrete Transport
1 2
3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Making Hollow
Openings
Hollow Cutting Slab Lifting, Drainage
Hole Drills
Transport to factory
storage yards
50mm structural concrete screed
Mesh reinforcement
Filling with sand-
cement grout
12
Figure 1.36 : Precast Hollow Core Slab

2.0 IBS COMPONENTS
2.4.1 HOLLOW CORE SLAB TO EXTERNAL WALL
CONNECTION
Diagram shows the connection of precast hollow core
slab with the exterior wall (CMU). The wall consists of
horizontal and vertical joint reinforcement. The slab
has reinforcement and grout at the keyways while the
floor is supported by a concrete masonry unit (CMU)
bond beam. The reinforcement bars are lapped to
achieve greater strength and stability.
Note : Veneer & air moisture barrier not shown for
clarity
Horizontal Joint
Reinforcement
Precast Hollow
Concrete Slab
Grout and vertical
reinforcement as required
Solid CMU
2’-0” horizontal x 2’-0”
vertical dowels and
grout at plank
keyways
Cell solidly fIlled
with Grout
3” min Bearing & Bearing Strip
2.4.2 HOLLOW CORE SLAB TO INTERIOR WALL
CONNECTION
Diagram shows the connection of precast hollow core
slab with the interior wall (CMU). The wall consists of
horizontal and vertical joint reinforcement. The slab
has reinforcement and grout at the keyways while the
floor sits on interior bond beam. The wall is solidly
filled with grout and reinforced. The reinforcement
bars are lapped to achieve greater strength and
stability.
Reinforcing
bars in keyways
Horizontal Joint
Reinforcement
Precast Hollow
Concrete Slab
Cell solidly filled with grout
Lap vertical bar splice
above slab level
2’-0” horizontal x 2’-0”
vertical dowels and
grout at plank
keyways
Bond Beam
Bond Beam
Diagram 1.7 : Hollow Core Slab to Exterior Wall Connection
Diagram 1.8 : Hollow Core Slab to Interior Wall Connection
13

2.0 IBS COMPONENTS
2.4 DOORS AND WINDOWS
Lintel is a structural horizontal block that spans the space or opening between two vertical supports
which is the frame of doors and windows. The lintels should be installed with a minimum end bearing of
150mm, bedded on mortar and levelled along its length and across its width.
Cavity weep
Precast
Conrete
Lintel
Mortar Belt
Cement based moisture
resistant material
Bond Beam
Door /
Window
Frame
Single Panel
Door frame
Double
Panel
Window
frame
Single
Panel
Window
frame
Lintel
Lintel
Lintel
Diagram 1.9 : Door and window
connection detail
Diagram 1.10 : Single panel door elevation
Diagram 1.11 : Single and double panel window elevation 14

2.4 PRECAST CONCRETE STAIRCASE
continuous end restraints over the supports. The main components of precast
concrete staircase - staircase flights, landings and steps are commonly
manufactured at the factory together with the connections being fabricated
along with the stairs to ease the assembly process on site. Reinforcement
rebars are also added into the fabrication of concrete staircase to strengthen
the structure. They are particularly cost effective when the design of the
building requires a reasonable amount of repetition,
SUITABILITY
Comparing to the timber and steel staircase, concrete staircase gives a modern
aesthetic appearance and its raw appearance and its raw materiality is always
referred as trend in modern architecture. The use of concrete is more
economical which aids in saving construction cost. Among all materials,
reinforced concrete staircase lasts the longest as it is reinforced with steel
rebars - a combination of two materials. Instead of in-situ staircase, precast
staircase saves more time and space on the site because fabrication space is
not needed. Concrete staircase can be installed once received from the
manufacturer.
2.0 IBS COMPONENTS
Application of one of the preferred sizes
of our staircase in out design apartment
block according to MS 1063
Precast concrete
staircase slabs are
usually designed to
span longitudinally
into the landings at
right angles to the
stair flights or span
between supporting
beams. The slab can
be designed with
FABRICATION PROCESS
Assembly of staircase
mould made from
timber formwork
Cleaning the mould and
preparation.
Installation of
reinforcement rebars.
Pouring and Vibrating
concrete to prevent air
bubbles.
Concrete curing to form
solid stair slab
Lifted and ready for
delivery.
ADVANTAGES
● High quality finish gives a durable concrete staircase for long maintenance free
life.
● Dense precast concrete gives excellent acoustic properties addressing sound
transfer issues associated with steel and wooden staircases.
● Maintenance free service
● Excellent durability are the inherent benefits of precast concrete stair
construction.
● Time and cost saving due to the modular size of staircase
Modular storey
height
N x M
Storey Height (mm) Thread (mm) Riser (mm)
2800 250 250
3000 250 167
3500 250 175
Diagram 1.12 : Vertical coordinating sizes of scissors stairs according to
MS 1064
1 2 3
4
1
5
5
1
6
6
15
Figure 1.37 : Precast Concrete staircase

2.6 PREFABRICATED STEEL ROOF TRUSS
SUITABILITY
Due to the application of strip foundation that the carries limited amount of loads,
To reduce the structural weight of the apartment block, C-channel steel profiles
with lightweight properties are chosen as the main material for roof trusses instead
of a rectangular hollow section (RHS) steel profile. C-channel steel trusses are used
for both gable and hip roof in our designed apartment block because they are easy
to install.
2.0 IBS COMPONENTS
TRUSS JOINT CONNECTION DETAIL
FABRICATION PROCESS
Prefabricated steel trusses
offer a high-strength,
light-weight roof system that
can be installed quickly. • In
residential construction, wood
trusses still dominate the
industry, where additional
strength is needed, or where
greater free spans are
required Steel roofs are
preferred.IBS Factor : 1.0(Full IBS factors)
Feeding of metal strips
by automated decoiler
into rollformer.
Bending metal strips
into C-channel steel
profile.
Cutting, punching and
measuring C-channel
steel profile.
Assembly of individual
parts.
Connecting all parts
with bolts and screw
guns.
Finished and can be
lifted delivered easily.
ADVANTAGES
● Steel roof Trusses can span much more longer distances without the need of
load bearing interior walls.
● Steel roof Trusses can be manufactured to exact standards.
● They are much more lightweight and this allows for larger shipments. This
reduces the time it takes to get to the project site.
● They are compatible with almost all types of roofing systems.
Web Joint
Self drilling screws
Bearing Stiffener
Heel Joint
Bolts
Steel Gusset Plate
Apex Joint
Web Joint
Cross Tee
Main Runner
Wall Angle Galvanized Steel
Wire
CONVENTIONAL CEILING CONNECTION
Lateral loads in
the roof-ceiling are
based on the mass
of the assembly and
a portion of mass of
the wall in the story
immediately below
the roof.
1 2 3
4
1
5
5
1
6
6
16
Diagram 1.13 : Truss joint connection details
Diagram 1.14 : Conventional ceiling connection
Figure 1.38 : Prefabricated Steel Roof Truss

1. SETTING OUT AND EXCAVATION
Excavation is needed as the footing and the
foundation should be installed on undisturbed
soil.
2. FOUNDATION
Shallow foundation is casted and strip footing is
used in this building as it is cheaper than any other
foundations.
3. INSTALLATION OF SLAB
Hollow core slab are installed and secured using
reinforcement bars and filled with sand-cement
grout.
4. INSTALLATION OF WALLS
Then, the block walls are built up. Reinforcement
bars are placed to connect the blocks vertically.
5. LINTELS
Precast concrete lintels are placed above of every
doors and windows opening. Then, the hollow
block wall are continued to erected on top of the
lintels before placing the first floor slab.
6. FLOOR
Hollow core slabs are installed on the first floor
and secured by using reinforcement bars from the
vertical hollow block walls and grouted using
cement.
17
Figure 1.39 : Setting out and Excavation Figure 1.41 : Installation of slabFigure 1.40 : Foundation
Figure 1.42 : Installation of walls Figure 1.43 : Lintels Figure 1.44 : Floor

7. STAIRCASE
The precast staircase is then lifted up using a
crane to connect ground floor and first floor.
8. FIRST FLOOR AND SECOND FLOOR
The steps 4 to 7 ares then repeated on first floor
and second floor.
9. ROOF TRUSSES
Prefabricated lightweight steel roof trusses are
installed above the block wall and connected
using c-channel.
10. PURLINS
Then, c-purlins are installed horizontally on the
steel roof trusses to support the loads.
11. ROOF
Aluminium roofings are then placed above the
roof structure.
12. FINISHES
External works are executed such as door and
window frames and wall finishes.
18
Figure 1.45 : Staircase Figure 1.46 : First floor and second floor Figure 1.47 : Roof trusses
Figure 1.48 : Purlins Figure 1.49 : Roof Figure 1.49 : Finishes

4.0 DRAWINGS
4.1 PLANS
GROUND FLOOR PLAN | Scale 1:100
19

4.0 DRAWINGS
FIRST FLOOR PLAN | Scale 1:100
20
4.1 PLANS

4.0 DRAWINGS
SECOND FLOOR PLAN | Scale 1:100
21
4.1 PLANS

4.0 DRAWINGS
ROOF PLAN | Scale 1:100
22
4.2 ELEVATIONS

4.0 DRAWINGS
NORTH ELEVATION | Scale 1:100
23
4.2 ELEVATIONS

4.0 DRAWINGS
EAST ELEVATION | Scale 1:100
24
4.2 ELEVATIONS

4.0 DRAWINGS
SOUTH ELEVATION | Scale 1:100
25
4.2 ELEVATIONS

4.0 DRAWINGS
WEST ELEVATION | Scale 1:100
26
4.2 ELEVATIONS

4.0 DRAWINGS
SECTION A-A’ | Scale 1:100
27
4.3 SECTIONS

4.0 DRAWINGS
SECTION B-B’ | Scale 1:100
28
4.3 SECTIONS

4.0 DRAWINGS
FOUNDATION PLAN | Scale 1:100
29
4.4 FOUNDATION PLAN

4.0 DRAWINGS
GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURAL WALL PLAN (CONCRETE BLOCK ARRANGEMENT) | Scale 1:100
30
4.5 STRUCTURAL WALL PLAN

4.0 DRAWINGS
FIRST FLOOR STRUCTURAL WALL PLAN (CONCRETE BLOCK ARRANGEMENT) | Scale 1:100
31

4.0 DRAWINGS
SECOND FLOOR STRUCTURAL WALL PLAN (CONCRETE BLOCK ARRANGEMENT) | Scale 1:100
32

4.0 DRAWINGS
GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLAN | Scale 1:100
33
S1
S2
S3
S5
S7
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S6
S6
S6
S6S6
S6
S6
S6
S6
S6
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S5
4.6 STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLAN

S1
S2
S3
S5
S7
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S6
S6
S6
S6S6
S6
S6
S6
S6
S6
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S5
4.0 DRAWINGS
FIRST FLOOR STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLAN | Scale 1:100
34

S1
S2
S3
S5
S7
S1
S1
S1
S1
S1
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S2
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S3
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S4
S6
S6
S6
S6S6
S6
S6
S6
S6
S6
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S7
S5
4.0 DRAWINGS
SECOND FLOOR STRUCTURAL FLOOR PLAN | Scale 1:100
35

4.0 DRAWINGS
STRUCTURAL ROOF PLAN | Scale 1:100
36
4.7 STRUCTURAL ROOF PLAN

4.0 DRAWINGS
4.8 EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
37

Component Hollow Stretcher Block Hollow Corner Block Half Hollow Corner block
Isometric
Plan
Preference B1 B2 B3
Location Main wall coverage Ending block for extruded balcony walls Ending blocks for the cornerings
System Load bearing wall system Load bearing wall system Load bearing wall system
Quantity 12,261 84 1,966
200mm
400mm
200mm
200mm
400mm
200mm
200mm 200mm
200mm
200mm
400mm
30mm
200mm
400mm
30mm
200mm
200mm
30mm
38

Component Precast Hollow Core Slab
Isometric
Plan
Section
Preference S1 S2 S3 S4
Location Ground Floor, First Floor, Second Floor
System Precast concrete system
Quantity 6 11 22 26
900 mm
900mm200mm
3600 mm
900 mm
900mm200mm
4200 mm
900 mm
900mm200mm
2400 mm
900 mm
900mm
200mm
1500 mm
39

Component Precast Hollow Core Slab
Isometric
Plan
Section
Preference S5 S6 S7
Location Ground Floor, First Floor, Second Floor
System Precast concrete system
Quantity 2 10 10
Component Lintel
Isometric
Plan
Preference L1
Location Above ﬂush doors
System Post and lintel system
Quantity 12
1500mm
150mm
200mm
300 mm
200mm
300 mm
300mm
3600 mm
300mm
4200 mm
40
300mm
1500 mm
200mm
300 mm

Component Lintel Lintel
Lintel
Isometric
Plan
Preference L2 L3 L4
Location Above ﬂush doors Above sliding doors Above double windows
System Post and lintel system
Quantity 42 6 30
150mm 150mm 150mm
1000mm 2260mm 1500mm
41

Component Staircase Door
Isometric
Plan
Preference ST 1 D1 D2
Location Stairwell Bedrooms, Bathrooms, Kitchen Living Hall
System Precast Concrete System Prefabricated Door
Quantity 4 42 6
2100 mm
2100 mm
800 mm
1800 mm
42
1925 mm
1000 mm
275 mm

Component Window
Isometric
Plan
Preference W1 W2
Location Bedrooms, Bathrooms Bedrooms, Kitchen
System Prefabricated Window
Quantity 12 30
1200 mm 1200 mm
1200 mm600 mm
43

Component Truss
Isometric
Front Elevation
Preference T1 T2 T3
Location Roof
System Prefabricated Steel Framing
Quantity 4 4 3
44

Component Truss
Isometric
Front Elevation
Preference T4 T5
Location Roof
System Prefabricated Steel Framing
Quantity 3 20
45

6.0 IBS SCORE CALCULATION
Repetition of floor to floor height :
Ground Floor - First Floor = 3000mm
First Floor - Second FLoor = 3000mm
Second Floor - Roof = 3000mm
(3/3) x 100% = 100%
IBS score = 2
Vertical repetition of structural floor layout:
Ground Floor, First Floor and Second Floor
share the exact same layout
(3/3) x 100% = 100%
IBS score = 2
Horizontal repetition of structural floor layout:
The floor layout of a single unit is mirrored on
the other side as another unit. Hence, there is
repetition of structural floor layout.
(3/3) x 100% = 100%
IBS score = 2
46

7.0 CONCLUSION
With an IBS score of 78.8%, the 3-storey apartment block has reached an optimum use of IBS system. This implies a clear understanding of components that are
manufactured in a controlled environment has been applied to the design of the building. The IBS systems applied include precast hollow core slabs, block work,
prefabricated steel roof trusses, doors and windows which have successfully contributed to our IBS score.
This assignment have helped us understand more about the in depths of blockwork IBS system. Furthermore, by physical constructing the model, it became clearer to us
as to how each element fits in with one another to be constructed as a stand alone building. This process have also taught us on how significant the planning of
construction is as all of the decisions made highly impacts the construction process and final quality of work.
In summary,the Industrialised Building Systems (IBS) promises elevated levels of expertise throughout the industry, from manufacturers, installers, engineers, planners,
designers, and developers. The benefits of IBS are numerous and far reaching. Reduced construction time, better site management, reduced wastage are but a few of
these benefits, that will ultimately produce better products for the population. IBs is ought to be fully adopted in Malaysia’s construction projects. Although parties such
as CIDB, has tried to promote the use of IBS construction methods for buildings in Malaysia, the trend of IBS usage in housing projects is still relatively low. To enhance
the application of IBS usage in Malaysia, The concept of Modular coordination must be applied. Moreover, pursue a long term comprehensive policy towards IBS which
will create an efficient use of components and encourage a more friendly design from consultants.
47

8.0 REFERENCES
WEBSITE
1. CIDB Malaysia. (2010). Standard Industri Pembinaan (Construction Industry Standard). Retrieve May 7, 2019, from http://www.cidb.gov.my/images/content/
pdf/cis/CIS18.pdf
2. Construction Terms, Glossary of Building Construction, (n.d.), Concrete Blocks. Retrieved May 4, 2019, from
http://www.constructiontermsx.com/concrete-block-definition/
3. Concrete Block Walls. (2018). May October 11,2019 from https://www.mclendons.com/tips-projects
4. Durable Waterproofing for Concrete Masonry Walls: Redundancy required, Retrieved May 11, 2019, from
https://www.constructionspecifier.com/durable-waterproofing-for-concrete-masonry-walls-redundancy-required/
5. Masonry Technology, Inc. Retrieved May 11, 2019, from
https://www.arcat.com/company/masonry-technology-inc-38657/cad/masonry-accessories-cmu-details-2671
6. Concrete Stairs & Landsing Slabs,Retrieved May October 11,2019, from https://www.wright.ie/product/concrete-stairs-landing-slabs-residential/
7. Metal Roof Truss – Advantages and Disadvantages of Metal Roof Truss Structures.Retrieved May October 11,2019, from
https://civilengineersforum.com/metal-roof-truss-advantages-disadvantages/
8. Construction Technology - Blockwork System. Retrieved May October 11,2019, from https://www.slideshare.net/fareezsham/latest-ct3
9. Mabeton. (n.d.), Hollow Core Slab Production. Retrieved May October 11,2019, from http://www.mabeton.com/products3.htm
10. Imran, R.. , Blockwork System. Retrieved May October 11,2019, from https://prezi.com/yvmdbgcguvay/blockwork-ststem/
11. Strip Foundation. Retrieved Retrieved May October 11,2019, from
http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/HomesandProperty/-building-strip-foundation/689858-3868220-1197kpr/index.html
12. IG Lintels | Lintel Installation Guide. Retrieved Retrieved May October 11,2019, from http://www.iglintels.com/technical-information/lintel-installation-guide/
13. Cavity Walls. Retrieved May October 11,2019, from http://masonryadvisorycouncil.org/wp-contecnt/uploads/2016/05/cavitywalls.pdf
14. Hamakareem.M (n.d.) What are the types of structural steel frame system. Retrieved May October 11,2019, from
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/types-structural- steel-framing-systems/18554/
15. Integrated Brickwork Sdn. Bhd., Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) Brochure. Retrieved May October 11,2019, from https://cmu.com.my/product-cmu.php
48

Building Technology I : Project 1 : IBS

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Building Technology I : Project 1 : IBS

Similar to Building Technology I : Project 1 : IBS (20)

More from Jing Fan Koh

More from Jing Fan Koh (14)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Building Technology I : Project 1 : IBS