Production technology of oilseeds Production technology of groundnut Production technology of sunflower Production technology of sesame Production technology of castor Production technology of rapeseed and mustard Production technology of linseed (flax) Production technology of niger

1. K. VANANGAMUDI
Formerly Dean (Agri.), AC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore
Dean, Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College, Kalavai
Professor & Head, Seed Science & Technology
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
vanangamudi.tnau@gmail.com 9894904745
Production Technology
of Oilseeds

2. Groundnut
(Arachis hypogea)
• Family: Leguminoceae or Fabaceae
• Origin: Brazil
• 2n = 40
• Day neutral plant
• King of Oilseed
• Also known as Peanut and Monkey nut

3. Types
 3 botanical groups
Spanish
Valencia
Virginia
 3 habit groups
Bunch (Spanish/Valencia),
Semi-spreading (Virginia bunch)
Spreading (Virginia runner)
 Semi-spreading and spreading varieties are high
yielding and late maturing than bunch varieties.

4. Bunch type Semi-spreading/spreading type
Plant grows erect Branches trail either partially or
completely on surface of soil
Possess light-green foliage Possess dark-green foliage
Produces pods in cluster at base Produce pods all along them
Has round, plump non-dormant
seeds with light-rose testa
Red or purple testa in Valencia
group
Have oblong, dormant seeds of
brownish testa.

5. • Kharif: June-July
• Rabi: October-November
• Summer: December-January
• For spreading and semi spreading: 30-60 x 10-15
• For bunch type: 45 x 10
• 15 x 15 (If ring mosaic (bud necrosis) is prevalent)
Seasons
Spacing (cm)

6.  Seed rate (kg/ha): Bunch type: 100-120
• Spreading type: 80-100
• Treat with T. viride at 4g/kg
• Treat with 3 packets (600 g)/ha of Rhizobial culture
TNAU 14
 Seed management
• Soak in 0.5% CaCl2 for 6 hrs (50% by Volume)
• Spread over moist gunny bags and cover with
moist gunny bag for 12-18 hrs
• Select viable seed with protrusion of radicle at 2 hr
interval and Non viable seeds - for oil extraction

7. Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
Rainfed – 10:10:45
Irrigated – 25:50:75
Gypsum: 400 kg/ha at 40 – 45 DAS
Sulphur: 60 kg/ha as Gypsum
Irrigation
10 irrigations
400-600 mm

8. Pre emergence Herbicide
Fluchloralin @2 lit/ha
Metalachlor @1 kg/ha
Yield (kg/ha)
Bunch type - 1000 to 1500
Spreading type - 1500 to 2000
Oil content - 44-50%
Protein - 20 %

9. Sesame
(Sesamum indicum)
• Origin: Africa, India
• Pedaliaceae
• 2n = 26
• Queen of Oilseed
• Seasons
 June – July
 November – December
 February – March

10. Seed rate (kg/ha)
5
Treat with T. viride at 4g/kg
Azospirillum at 600 g/ha
Spacing (cm): 30 x 30
Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
Rainfed – 23:13:13
Irrigated – 35:23:23
5 kg MnSO4 and 5 kg ZnSO4
Irrigation
150 mm

11. Pre emergence Herbicide
 Alachlor @ 1.25 kg/ha
 Fluchloralin @ 1 kg/ha
Yield (kg/ha)
 Harvest when bottom capsules turns lemon
yellow
 Rainfed: 400-650
 Irrigated: 650-950
 Oil content: 46-52 %

12. Sunflower
(Helianthus annuus)
• Origin: USA (North America)
• Asteraceae
• 2n=34
• Day neutral plant

13. Seasons
Rainfed: June-July
Kharif: October-November
Irrigated: December-January
Seed rate (kg/ha)
 T. viride at 4g/kg & Azospirillum 600g/ha
 Soaking in 2% ZnSO4 for 12 hrs for rainfed
conditions.
Rainfed Irrigated
Varieties 7 kg/ha 6 kg/ha
Hybrids 5 kg/ha 4 kg/ha

14. Spacing (cm)
 Hybrids: 60 x 30 cm
 Varieties: 45 x 30 cm
Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
 Hybrid: 60:90:30
 Variety: 30:60:30
 Gypsum @ 200kg/ha
 Spray borax @ 0.2 % to capitulum at ray floret
opening stage to improve seed set and seed
filling.
Irrigation
 450 mm

15. Pre emergence Herbicide
 Fluchloralin or Pendimethalin @ 2 kg/ha
Yield (kg/ha)
 Harvest when bracts of capitulum turn
lemon yellow and heads get harden.
 1500 - 2250
 Oil content: 36 - 45%

16. Q & A
Oil content in groundnut is
a. 45 - 50 % b. 30 - 35 %
c. 20 – 25 % d. above 60 %
The economic part of sunflower is
a. Capitulum b. Square
c. Hypanthodium d. Panicle
Origin of sesame is
a. Africa b. Central Asia
c. Mexico d. South East Asia
White seeded sesame variety is
a. TMV1 b. Paiyur 1
c. SVPR 1 d. TMV 6

17. Safflower
(Carthamus tinctorius)
• Origin: Central Asia, Africa, Ethiopia
• Asteraceae
• 2n= 24
• Known as Fencing or Border crop
• Seasons: September – October
 November – December
• Seed rate (kg/ha): 10
• Spacing (cm): 45 x 15

18. Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
Irrigated: 60:30:20
Rainfed: 40:20:0
FYM: 12.5 t/ha
Irrigation: 250-300 mm
Herbicide
Fluchloralin - 0.75 – 1 kg/ha
Pendimethalin - 0.75 kg/ha
Yield (kg/ha)
1500 - 2000
Oil content: 32-36%

19. Castor
(Ricinus communis)
• Origin: Ethiopia
• Euphorbiaceae
• 2n=20
• Seasons: June- August
• Seed rate (kg/ha)
10 - Varieties
5 - Hybrids

20. Herbicide: Pendimethalin @1.5 kg/ha on 1-2 DAS
Yield (kg/ha)
Irrigated: 1500 - 3000
Rainfed: 800 -1500
Rainfed conditions
Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha) Spacing
Varieties 45 : 15 : 15 90 x 60 cm
Hybrids 60 : 30 : 30 120 x 90 cm
Irrigated condition
Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha) Spacing
Varieties 60 : 30 : 30 90 x 90 cm
Hybrids 90 : 45 : 45 150 x 120 cm

21. Linseed (Flax)
(Linum usitatissimum)
• Origin: Ethiopia
• Linaceae
• 2n= 30
• Seasons: October-November
• Seed rate (kg/ha): 25 – 30
• Spacing (cm)
 Row: 20 - 30 cm
 Plant: 7-10 cm

22. Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
 Irrigated - 60:30:30
 Rainfed - 40:20:20
Irrigation: 3 - 4 irrigation
Herbicide
 Pre emergence: Fluchloralin @1 kg/ha
 Post emergence: Dichlorfopmethyl @ 0.7kg/ha
Yield (kg/ha)
 Rainfed – 800-1000
 Irrigated – 1600-2000

23. Rapeseed & Mustard
(Brassica spp.)
• Brassicaceae
• 2n=18
• Oil content: 35-45%
• Seasons: August-November (Early rabi)
• Seed rate (kg/ha): 4 – 6
• Spacing (cm)
 30×10
 30×15

24. Classification
Common name Scientific name
Rape seed Brassica napus
Indian mustard or Brown
mustard
Brassica juncea
Black mustard Brassica nigra
White / Yellow mustard Brassica alba
Brassica hirta

25. Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
Irrigated- 60:40:40
Rainfed- 30:20:20
Herbicide: Pre emergence
Pendimethalin @ 0.5-1.5 kg/ha
Fluchloralin @1.25 kg/ha
Post emergence: Isoproturon @ 0.75 kg/ha
Yield (kg/ha)
Irrigated Rainfed
Rapeseed 1500-2000 1000-1500
Mustard 2000-2500 1500-2000

26. Niger
(Guizotia abyssinica)
• Origin: Ethiopia
• Asteraceae
• 2n = 30
• Season: August-September
• Seed rate (kg/ha): 5 – 8

27. • Spacing
Row: 20-30 cm
Plant: 10-15 cm
• Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
20:20:0
40:40:0
• Yield (kg/ha): 300-500

28. Q & A
Rape seed and mustard oil contains
a. Oleic acid b. Erucic acid
c. Lauric acid d. Stearic acid
Directorate of Groundnut Research is located at
a. Junagadh b. Jabalpur
c. Jaipur d. Tindivanam
Safflower is a _____ plant
a. Long day b. Short day
c. Day neutral d. Both b and c
Retting is practiced in which oilseed crop
a. Niger b. Linseed
c. Groundnut d. Safflower

29. Winner is a dreamer who
never gives up