3. INTRODUCTION
• It is the most important pulse crop of India, which constitutes 37% area, and 50%
production of pulses followed by Pigeon pea.
• It is predominantly consumed as dhal or for preparing variety of snack foods,
sweets and condiments. Fresh gram serves as vegetable and eaten raw.
• It is rich source of Calcium, Iron and Niacin.
• Used as Blood Purifier and germinated seeds are recommended to cure scurvy
disease.
• Most of the legumes fulfill their 75% N- requirement through root nodules
(Symbiosis).
4. DISTRIBUTION
• It is cultivated in India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Ethiopia and Turkey.
• In India, it is cultivated in Bihar, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
AREA & DISTRIBUTION:
Area: India > Pakistan > Turkey
Production: India > Turkey > Pakistan
In India, Area: MP > Rajasthan > UP
Production: MP > Rajasthan > UP
5. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
• Chickpea seeds are eaten fresh as green vegetables, fried, roasted, and boiled; as snack
food, sweet and condiments.
• Seeds are ground and the flour can be used for soup.
• Gram husks, and green or dried stems and leaves are used for stock feed; whole seeds may
be milled directly for feed.
• Acid exudates from the leaves can be applied medicinally or used as vinegar.
• Cooked chickpea-milk (4:1) mixture was good for feeding infants, effectively controlling
diarrhea.
6. • Sub family: Papilionaceae
• The sour taste of leaves and pods is due to the presence of Malic acid 90- 96% and
Oxalic Acid 4- 10%, about 4- 10 kg of these acids can be obtained from one hectare
crop.
• Tap root system, cloddy and rough seed bed is required to provide adequate
aeration for proper germination of seeds because gram is highly sensitive to soil
aeration.
• C3 long day plant.
• It is highly susceptible to frost at flowering stage.
BOTANY
7. TYPES
There are two types of Bengal gram.
Desi or Brown gram (C.arietinum) , 2n= 14 or 16
• It is most widely cultivated in India.
• It has good branching habit.
• Yellow to dark brown seed.
• Seeds are small sized.
• Cosmopolitan in nature.
• Test weight : 140- 200g
8. TYPES
Kabuli or White gram (C.kabulium), 2n=16
• It has bold attractive white seeds.
• Plants are taller.
• Test weight: 340- 375g
• Its poor yielder compared to Desi gram.
10. CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT
• T Max (oC) : 35 - 45
• T Min (oC) : 6 - 8
• Optimum (oC) : 20 - 25
• Rainfall : 500 – 800 mm
• Altitude MSL : 2500 m
11. SEASON
November (Winter season) Rainfed
SEED RATE
Co 3 - 90 kg/ha
Co 4 - 75 kg /ha
FIELD PREPARATION
Prepare the land to fine tilth and apply 12.5 t FYM/ha.
12. SEED TREATMENT
• Treat the seeds with Carbendazim (or) Thiram @ 2g/kg of seed
24 hrs before sowing.
• With talc formulation of Trichoderma viridae @ 4 g/kg seed
• Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed.
13. FERTILIZER APPLICATION
Apply fertilizers basally before sowing.
Rainfed :
12.5 kg N + 25 kg P2O5 + 12.5 kg K2O +10 kg S*/ha
Irrigated :
25 kg N + 50 kg P2O5 + 25 kg K2O + 20 kg S*/ha
14. SOWING
Dibble the seeds by adopting a spacing of 30 cm x 10 cm.
WEED MANAGEMENT
• Pre emergence application of Pendimethalin @ 2.5 liters on 3rd day after sowing.
• Followed by one hand weeding on 25 – 30 days after sowing.
• If herbicide is not applied give two hand weedings on 15th and 30th day after
sowing.
IRRIGATION:
• Critical stage- Pre flowering and pod development stage.
15. INTERCROPPING IN BENGALGRAM
• Bengal gram in paired row planting with one or two rows of
Coriander as intercrop would give the highest return.
16. CROP PROTECTION
Pest management
Aphid
Methyl demeton 25 EC 500 ml/ha.
Gram caterpillar
Monocrotophos 36%SL 625-1250ml/ha.
Disease management
Wilt
Soil application with P. fluorescens @ 2.5 kg/ha with 50 kg of well decomposed FYM or sand.
Root rot
Spot drench with carbendazim @ 1 g/l.
17. CROPPING SYSTEM
• Rice – chick pea
• Pearl millet – chick pea
• Sorghum – chick pea
• Maize – chick pea
18. PRACTICES IN GRAMS
NIPPING & TOPPING
• Pruning of top branches of the plants to encourage reproductive growth.
• Practice at 50-60 days after sowing.
• It can be done by a flock of sheep.
• Chemical for Nipping: TIBA @ 75 ppm i.e. Tri-iodo-benzoic acid.
19. HARVESTING
• Seeds attain physiological maturity 35 - 40 days after anthesis.
• Harvest the crop at once when 70 - 80 % of pods are creamy in
colour.
YIELD
20 – 25 quintals of grain per ha.
21. MILLING
• Dehusking after cleaning and grading can be done in roller mills.
• Splitting of dehusked grain is carried out by treating the grain with
water in ratio 1:3 followed by tampering for 12 hours and splitting in
disk sheller.
23. REFERENCES
• Crop production guide.
• Srinivasan Jeyaraman , 2017 , Field crops : Production and Management Vol I ,
Oxford & IBH publishing company pvt .Limited.
