Production Technology of cash crops Production Technology of cotton Production Technology of jute Production Technology of sugarcane Production Technology of sweet sorghum Production Technology of tropical sugar beet

1. Production Technology of
Cash crops
K. VANANGAMUDI
Formerly Dean (Agri.), AC&RI, TNAU, Coimbatore
Dean, Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College, Kalavai
Professor & Head, Seed Science & Technology
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
vanangamudi.tnau@gmail.com 9894904745

2. • Fibre crops
 Cotton
 Jute
• Sugar crops
 Sugarcane
 Sweet sorghum
 Sugar beet

3. Cotton
(Gossypium sp)
• Malvaceae
• 2n=52
• G. barbadense - Egypt
• G. hirsutum - America
• G. arboreum - India
• G. herbaceum - South Africa

4. Season
• North zone: May-June
• Central zone: June-July
 Irrigated-March
• Southern zone
 Karnataka - June
 Andhra Pradesh - June-July
 Tamil Nadu - August

5. Seed rate (kg/ha)
 Fuzzy seed: 15-20
 Delinted: 7.5-15
 Hybrids: 2.5-3.5
 Bt hybrids: 1.5
 Acid delinting: Conc. H2SO4 @ 100ml/kg of seed for
2-3 mins
Seed treatment
 Carbendazim @ 2g/kg
 Trichoderma @ 4g/kg
 Azospirullum/phosphobacteria @ 600g
 Azophos @ 1200 g

6. Spacing (cm)
 Variety: 75×30 (MCU 5,12, 13, LRA 5166, SVPR 2)
 45×15 (KC 2)
 60×30 (MCU 7, SVPR 3)
 90×45 (SUVIN)
 Hybrid: 120×60
Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
 80:40:40 (MCU 5, 12, 13, Suvin, SVPR 2)
 60:30:30 (MCU 7, SVPR 3)
 120:60:60 (Hybrids)
 Foliar application - 2% DAP + 1% KCl to improve kapas
yield.

7. Nutritional disorders correction
• Zinc deficient soils
 ZnSO4 @ 50 kg/ha as basal
 ZnSO4 @ 0.5% spray thrice at 45, 60 and 75 DAS
• Reddening in leaves
 5% MgSO4
 Urea (1.0%) and
 ZnSO4 (0.10%) as foliar spray on 50th and 80th day.
• Mg deficient areas
 MgSO4 @ 20 kg/ha basally
 Need based foliar spray of 2% MgSO4 + 1% Urea during
boll formation stage

8. Irrigation
• 10-11
• 600 to 800 mm
Herbicide
• Pendimethalin @ 3.3 lit/ha(Pre emergence)
Average yield (kg/ha)
State Kapas yield
(Kg/ha)
Tamil Nadu 1500 - 2000
Karnataka 1500 -2500
Andhra Pradhesh 2500 - 3000
Uttar Pradhesh 1500 - 2000

9. Jute
• White jute - Corchorus capsularis – Indo Burma
• Tossa jute - Corchorus olitorius - Africa, India
• 2n= 14
• Malvacece
Season
• February

10. Seed rate and spacing
Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
• Olitorius: 40-80:20-40:20-40
• Capsularis: 60-80:30-40:30-40
Jute type
Seed rate (kg/ha)
Spacing (cm)
Line sowing Broad casting
Corchorus olitorius 5 7 25 x 5
Corchorus capsularis 7 10 30 x 5

11. • Irrigation: 2-3, 500 mm
• Herbicide: Fluchloralin @ 1.5 kg/ha
• Yield
Green plant: 45 to 50 tons/ha
Fibre yield: 2 to 2.5 tons/ha

12. Retting
• Process of extracting fibers from long lasting life stem or
bast (Fibre collected from phloem) of bast fiber plants.
• Water or microbial retting - most popular process.
• After harvesting, jute stalks tied into bundles and
submerged in soft running water for 20 days.
• Then bundles are hit with long wooden hammer to make
fiber loose from jute core and washed with water.
• Further washed with fresh water and allowed to dry on
bamboo poles.
• Finally, tied into small bundles.

13. Sugarcane
(Saccharum officinarum)
• Poaceae
• 2n=40–128
• Origin
 S. barberi - South East Asia
 S. spontaneous - India
 S. officianarum- New guinea

14. • Season
 Early season: December-January
 Mid season: February-March
 Late season: April-May
 Special: June-July (Adsali (Autumn) season)
• Setts
• 50,000 - 3 budded setts
• 75,000 - 2 budded setts
• 187500 - single budded setts

15. Spacing
• Ridges and furrows: 80 cm between rows
• Irrigation and drainage channels: 40 cm
depth and 30 cm width at intervals of 6 m
• Detrashing: Remove dry leaves on 150th and
210th day to avoid stem borer infestation.
• Propping: Double line propping with trash
twist at 210th day.

16. Fertilizer (NPK kg/ha)
• Coastal and flow irrigated areas: 270:60:112.5
• Water scarcity areas: 225:60:112.5
• Jaggery areas: 175:60:112.5
Irrigation
• 1800-2200 mm
• Adsali crop: 3200-3500 mm
Herbicide
• Pre emergence: Atrazine @ 1.75 kg/ha
• Post emergence: Gramaxone @ 2.5 lit/ha

17. • 18 to 20% brix - optimum maturity for
harvest.
• Sugar content of sugar cane: 10 to 15 % of
total weight
• Yield: 70 to 80 tons/ha
• Sugar recovery: 9.5 to 10.5 %

18. Sweet sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor)
• 2n=20
• Poaceae
• Season
 Kharif (June- July)
 Rabi (September-October)
 Summer(March- April)
• Seed rate
 10 kg/ha

19. Seed treatment
• Treat with metalaxyl 4 g/kg of seed to control
downy mildew.
• Treat with 3 packets (600gm) of Azospirillum
Spacing
• 45 x 15 cm
Fertilizer
• FYM: 12.5 tons/ha
• 120:40:40 NPK kg/ha

20. Irrigation
• 400-450 mm
Pre-emergence herbicide
• Atrazine 50 WP – 500 gm /ha on 3 DAS
Yield
• Grain: 800-1200 kg/ha
• Green cane: 30-40 t/ha
• Brix content: 13-20%

21. Tropical sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris)
• 2n=18
• Chenopodiaceae
• Season
 September– November
• Seed rate: 3.5 to 4 kg/ha (3.6 kg/ha)
• Spacing (cm)
 50 x 20
 45 x 15

22. • Irrigation:800 - 850 mm.
• Fertilizer
 FYM 12.5 t/ha
 150:75:75 NPK kg/ha
• Herbicide
 Pretilachlor 50 EC @ 0.5 Kg ai/ha or
 Pendimethalin @ 3.75 lit /ha
• Yield
 Root brix content: 15 to 18%
 Root yield: 80 to 100 t/ha
 Sugar recovery: 15 to 16%

23. Q & A
Name the crop which records the highest pesticide
consumption?
a. Maize b. Cotton
c. Wheat d. Jute
The Seed rate of hybrid cotton is
a. 2.5 kg/ha b. 8 kg/ha
c. 15 kg/ha d. 12 kg/ha
Species of jute which has higher quality
a. C. capsularis b. C.
olitorius
c. C. cordifolius d. Both a and b
Central Institute of Cotton Research is located at
a. Nagpur b.Coimbatore

24. Q & A
Scientific name of Noble cane
a. Saccharum barberi b. Saccharum sinense
c. Saccharum spontaneum d. Saccharum officinarum
SSI stands for
a. Sustainable Sugarcane Invention
b. Sustainable Sugarcane Implementation
c. Sustainable Sugarcane Innovative
d. Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative
Which of the following prevents lodging in sugarcane?
a. Earthing up b. Propping
c. Detrashing d. Removal of water
shoots
Seed rate of sweet sorghum is
a. 5 kg/ha b. 10 kg/ha
c. 15 kg/ha d. 20 kg/ha

25. “ All of the top achievers I know are life-long
learners. Looking for new skills, insights, and
ideas. If they’re not learning, they’re not
growing and not moving toward excellence.” –
Denis Waitley