The document provides an overview of basic computer systems. It discusses the main types of computers including personal computers, mainframes, minicomputers, and supercomputers. It then describes the typical components of a computer system including the central processing unit, memory, control unit, arithmetic logic unit, and input/output devices. Finally, it discusses operating systems and how they control the hardware and allow users to interact with applications and the computer.
A computer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of tasks by executing instructions. It is comprised of a central processing unit that carries out computer programs, a monitor for visual display, a mouse for pointing and selecting items, a keyboard for inputting text and commands, a printer for producing physical copies, a modem for connecting to networks, and speakers for audio output. Key characteristics of computers include their speed, accuracy, reliability, large storage capacity, versatility in handling many different tasks, and ability to reduce the need for manpower and paper work.
This document provides an overview of computers, including:
1. It classifies computers into microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers based on their processing ability and speed.
2. It describes hardware as the physical and tangible parts of a computer like motherboards, drives, and peripherals. Software is defined as programs and data that provide instructions.
3. Input and output devices are discussed as facilitating information capture, processing, and presentation between the computer and user.
This document discusses different types of input devices for computers. It describes keyboards, mice, scanners, joysticks, and digital cameras. Keyboards allow data entry by pressing keys and come in standard, multimedia, and wireless varieties. Mice are popular pointing devices that have buttons and can be clicked to perform tasks. Scanners are used to input data directly from documents and include MICR, OMR, OCR, and barcode readers. Joysticks are used for game controls and have a ball and stick. Digital cameras create digital images that computers can process and interpret.
A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.
An output device is computer hardware that uses received data and commands from a computer in order to perform a task.
Any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction.
Computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by a computer to the outside world.
Input And Output Devices
Prepared By Harsh ,Mehar , Astha and Kalpana
Students Of Birla Institute Of Technology,Patna Campus
Department: BBA Session 2016-2019
Guided By : Ritesh Ravi Sir (Our Computer Teacher)
This document provides an overview of different types of computer output devices. It begins by defining an output device as an electromechanical device that accepts data from a computer and translates it into a form suitable for users. Output is classified as either soft-copy, which is temporary, or hard-copy, which provides permanent output. The document then describes various output devices including monitors, printers, plotters, projectors, and voice response systems. It provides details on the purpose and functioning of each type of output device.
Input devices capture information from the external environment and translate it into a format readable by computers. Common input devices include keyboards, pointing devices like mice and trackballs, game controllers, scanners, styluses, microphones, and digital cameras. Output devices take the information processed by computers and present it to users in a form they can understand, like monitors to display visual information and speakers to output audio.
A computer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of tasks by executing instructions. It is comprised of a central processing unit that carries out computer programs, a monitor for visual display, a mouse for pointing and selecting items, a keyboard for inputting text and commands, a printer for producing physical copies, a modem for connecting to networks, and speakers for audio output. Key characteristics of computers include their speed, accuracy, reliability, large storage capacity, versatility in handling many different tasks, and ability to reduce the need for manpower and paper work.
This document provides an overview of computers, including:
1. It classifies computers into microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers based on their processing ability and speed.
2. It describes hardware as the physical and tangible parts of a computer like motherboards, drives, and peripherals. Software is defined as programs and data that provide instructions.
3. Input and output devices are discussed as facilitating information capture, processing, and presentation between the computer and user.
This document discusses different types of input devices for computers. It describes keyboards, mice, scanners, joysticks, and digital cameras. Keyboards allow data entry by pressing keys and come in standard, multimedia, and wireless varieties. Mice are popular pointing devices that have buttons and can be clicked to perform tasks. Scanners are used to input data directly from documents and include MICR, OMR, OCR, and barcode readers. Joysticks are used for game controls and have a ball and stick. Digital cameras create digital images that computers can process and interpret.
A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information.
An output device is computer hardware that uses received data and commands from a computer in order to perform a task.
Any peripheral that receives data from a computer, usually for display, projection, or physical reproduction.
Computer hardware equipment used to communicate the results of data processing carried out by a computer to the outside world.
Input And Output Devices
Prepared By Harsh ,Mehar , Astha and Kalpana
Students Of Birla Institute Of Technology,Patna Campus
Department: BBA Session 2016-2019
Guided By : Ritesh Ravi Sir (Our Computer Teacher)
This document provides an overview of different types of computer output devices. It begins by defining an output device as an electromechanical device that accepts data from a computer and translates it into a form suitable for users. Output is classified as either soft-copy, which is temporary, or hard-copy, which provides permanent output. The document then describes various output devices including monitors, printers, plotters, projectors, and voice response systems. It provides details on the purpose and functioning of each type of output device.
Input devices capture information from the external environment and translate it into a format readable by computers. Common input devices include keyboards, pointing devices like mice and trackballs, game controllers, scanners, styluses, microphones, and digital cameras. Output devices take the information processed by computers and present it to users in a form they can understand, like monitors to display visual information and speakers to output audio.
This document provides an overview of common computer components and terms. It describes typical hardware components like the monitor, motherboard, CPU, RAM memory, expansion cards, power supply, storage drives, keyboard and mouse. It also discusses software types, input/output devices, memory units, networking, and other concepts. Diagrams show the relationship between input, CPU, and output devices, as well as examples of RAM usage.
The document provides an overview of the key components of a computer system, including the input and output units, memory, central processing unit, and various ports. It describes the functions of these components and how they work together to process data and perform tasks.
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computing. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone and joystick. It also covers output devices such as the printer, monitor, speakers and storage devices including the hard disk, floppy disk, optical media, flash drive and zip disk.
The document outlines the main components of a computer system: the input unit, which receives data and instructions through devices like a keyboard and mouse; the output unit, which provides information through monitors, printers, and speakers; and the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for calculations and the control unit for coordinating the computer's workings. Data and instructions are stored temporarily in memory and more permanently in secondary storage before being processed by the CPU and output.
A computer is a calculating device that can input, process, store, and retrieve data at enormous speeds with great accuracy. It has characteristics such as speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility, and a powerful ability to remember large amounts of data. However, computers have no intelligence, feelings, or ability to think or decide on their own - they simply carry out human instructions.
This document summarizes computer hardware components. It divides hardware into three main groups: input devices, output devices, and the system unit. Input devices like keyboards and mice are used to enter data, while output devices like monitors and printers display or print data. The system unit contains the central processing unit and memory that process data, as well as components like the motherboard, hard disk drive, power supply, and expansion cards.
This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It discusses how a computer system includes hardware, software, data, and users. The hardware components include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory holds data and instructions for processing. Software includes system software like the operating system and application software. Data is represented digitally using binary numbers. The document also provides details on how computers process data using the CPU and memory.
Input and output devices allow users to interact with computers. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, digital cameras, microphones, touch screens, optical mark readers, scanners, and smart cards. Keyboards are used to enter text, mice are pointing devices, and digital cameras capture photos or videos. Microphones record sound, touch screens accept input via finger touch, and scanners convert printed documents into digital files. Output devices such as computer monitors, speakers, printers, and plotters allow users to see and hear computer output or create hard copies. Monitors display visual output, speakers produce audio, printers create paper copies, and plotters generate large-scale drawings.
This PowerPoint Presentation consist the data title "Basics of Computer. This slide share will definitely helpful in all the viewers. It is framed with lot of best and attractive pictures with suitable examples and images. It will be very much useful to the beginners learners of computer. It covers the following points, viz., 1. Introduction to Computer 2. Main Parts of Computer 3. Types of Computer 4. Storage Unit vs. Memory Unit 5. Classification on Working System 6. Types of Network 7. Classification of Computer- Based on Size 8. Some Important Extensions. The above points were discussed in this powerpoint presentation.
Are you Insearchfor Best Computer Centre in Ambala? Now you search is end here. Batra Computer Centre is an ISO certified Centre. We provide you best training in Basic Computer, HTML, PHP, C & C++ languages and so many other courses are avaible here.
This document discusses various types of computer input devices. It describes keyboards, mice, joysticks, light pens, trackballs, scanners, microphones, optical character readers, bar code readers, and voice recognition chips as common input devices. Keyboards and mice are highlighted as the most popular input devices, with keyboards allowing text input and mice used to control cursor movement.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including how they work and their key characteristics. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. It then describes the main components of a computer and how data is processed. The document outlines the main characteristics of computers as being fast, accurate, having large memory and storage, being diligent and versatile. It also categorizes the different types of computers as analog, digital, and hybrid and provides examples of each type. Finally, it classifies computers as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers and describes the defining features of each.
The document discusses various types of computer output devices. It describes monitors, printers, speakers, and other devices. It provides details on different monitor technologies like LCD, plasma, and CRT. It also explains different printer types such as inkjet, laser, and dot matrix printers. Other output devices covered include projectors, interactive whiteboards, and accessories for games. The document emphasizes that output devices are critical for users to experience and interact with processed data from a computer.
A computer has several key characteristics:
It is automatic, meaning it will perform tasks without human intervention once started. It is extremely fast, able to perform calculations in milliseconds. Computers are also very accurate in their calculations. Unlike humans, computers can work continuously without getting tired or losing concentration. Computers are also versatile, as their capabilities can be changed by loading new programs. They have enormous memory and storage capabilities to store and recall vast amounts of information. However, computers have no intelligence or feelings of their own - they must be programmed with logical step-by-step instructions to perform tasks.
Input devices allow users to enter data and interact with computers. Some common input devices are keyboards, mice, touchpads, joysticks, touch screens, scanners, and graphics tablets. Keyboards allow text entry and come in various sizes. Mice control on-screen cursors by detecting finger movement on surfaces. Touchpads are alternatives to mice for laptops. Joysticks are used for game controls. Touch screens are displays that can detect touch input. Scanners digitize images. Graphics tablets enable hand drawing of images and graphics.
This document provides an introduction and history of computers. It defines what a computer is and who a user is. It discusses data and information and how information technology uses computers. It then outlines the history of computers from mechanical computers in the 1600s to modern electronic computers. It describes the four generations of electronic computers from vacuum tubes to microprocessors. It concludes by defining types of computers like analog and digital and classifying computers such as supercomputers, mainframes, workstations, servers, desktops, laptops and palmtops.
Computer is an electronic device that processes data according to programmed instructions. It has hardware components that can be seen like input devices to enter data, output devices to display processed information, processing devices to execute instructions on data, and storage devices to store data. It also uses software programs installed on the hardware to perform specific tasks, including system software to manage the hardware, application software to perform user-oriented tasks, and utility software provided by vendors to perform common functions.
Computers are used in nearly every field due to their ability to efficiently store and process large amounts of data. They are vital tools in science, education, medicine, engineering, entertainment, communication, business, banking, and more. Computers have transformed industries like publishing, banking, and education by facilitating tasks like data management, communication, and content creation/distribution. Their use continues to grow as technology advances and they take on more complex roles, such as participating in scientific research and performing medical diagnostics.
Introduction to Basic Computer Concepts PresentationAna Tan
The document discusses the history and evolution of computers from early calculating aids like the abacus to modern computers. It describes inventions like the Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator, the Difference Engine, an early mechanical computer, and the ENIAC, one of the first general-purpose electronic computers. It then discusses the development of personal computers starting in the 1970s and the introduction of devices like the Apple I, IBM PC, and early netbooks.
Learn to identify parts of a computer, hardware and software, operate the mouse and keyboard and become familiar with the MS Windows X/P Operating System.
This document provides an overview of common computer components and terms. It describes typical hardware components like the monitor, motherboard, CPU, RAM memory, expansion cards, power supply, storage drives, keyboard and mouse. It also discusses software types, input/output devices, memory units, networking, and other concepts. Diagrams show the relationship between input, CPU, and output devices, as well as examples of RAM usage.
The document provides an overview of the key components of a computer system, including the input and output units, memory, central processing unit, and various ports. It describes the functions of these components and how they work together to process data and perform tasks.
The document discusses various input and output devices used in computing. It describes common input devices like the keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone and joystick. It also covers output devices such as the printer, monitor, speakers and storage devices including the hard disk, floppy disk, optical media, flash drive and zip disk.
The document outlines the main components of a computer system: the input unit, which receives data and instructions through devices like a keyboard and mouse; the output unit, which provides information through monitors, printers, and speakers; and the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for calculations and the control unit for coordinating the computer's workings. Data and instructions are stored temporarily in memory and more permanently in secondary storage before being processed by the CPU and output.
A computer is a calculating device that can input, process, store, and retrieve data at enormous speeds with great accuracy. It has characteristics such as speed, accuracy, diligence, versatility, and a powerful ability to remember large amounts of data. However, computers have no intelligence, feelings, or ability to think or decide on their own - they simply carry out human instructions.
This document summarizes computer hardware components. It divides hardware into three main groups: input devices, output devices, and the system unit. Input devices like keyboards and mice are used to enter data, while output devices like monitors and printers display or print data. The system unit contains the central processing unit and memory that process data, as well as components like the motherboard, hard disk drive, power supply, and expansion cards.
This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It discusses how a computer system includes hardware, software, data, and users. The hardware components include the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output devices, and storage devices. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory holds data and instructions for processing. Software includes system software like the operating system and application software. Data is represented digitally using binary numbers. The document also provides details on how computers process data using the CPU and memory.
Input and output devices allow users to interact with computers. Common input devices include keyboards, mice, digital cameras, microphones, touch screens, optical mark readers, scanners, and smart cards. Keyboards are used to enter text, mice are pointing devices, and digital cameras capture photos or videos. Microphones record sound, touch screens accept input via finger touch, and scanners convert printed documents into digital files. Output devices such as computer monitors, speakers, printers, and plotters allow users to see and hear computer output or create hard copies. Monitors display visual output, speakers produce audio, printers create paper copies, and plotters generate large-scale drawings.
This PowerPoint Presentation consist the data title "Basics of Computer. This slide share will definitely helpful in all the viewers. It is framed with lot of best and attractive pictures with suitable examples and images. It will be very much useful to the beginners learners of computer. It covers the following points, viz., 1. Introduction to Computer 2. Main Parts of Computer 3. Types of Computer 4. Storage Unit vs. Memory Unit 5. Classification on Working System 6. Types of Network 7. Classification of Computer- Based on Size 8. Some Important Extensions. The above points were discussed in this powerpoint presentation.
Are you Insearchfor Best Computer Centre in Ambala? Now you search is end here. Batra Computer Centre is an ISO certified Centre. We provide you best training in Basic Computer, HTML, PHP, C & C++ languages and so many other courses are avaible here.
This document discusses various types of computer input devices. It describes keyboards, mice, joysticks, light pens, trackballs, scanners, microphones, optical character readers, bar code readers, and voice recognition chips as common input devices. Keyboards and mice are highlighted as the most popular input devices, with keyboards allowing text input and mice used to control cursor movement.
This document provides an introduction to computers, including how they work and their key characteristics. It defines a computer as an electronic device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. It then describes the main components of a computer and how data is processed. The document outlines the main characteristics of computers as being fast, accurate, having large memory and storage, being diligent and versatile. It also categorizes the different types of computers as analog, digital, and hybrid and provides examples of each type. Finally, it classifies computers as microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers and describes the defining features of each.
The document discusses various types of computer output devices. It describes monitors, printers, speakers, and other devices. It provides details on different monitor technologies like LCD, plasma, and CRT. It also explains different printer types such as inkjet, laser, and dot matrix printers. Other output devices covered include projectors, interactive whiteboards, and accessories for games. The document emphasizes that output devices are critical for users to experience and interact with processed data from a computer.
A computer has several key characteristics:
It is automatic, meaning it will perform tasks without human intervention once started. It is extremely fast, able to perform calculations in milliseconds. Computers are also very accurate in their calculations. Unlike humans, computers can work continuously without getting tired or losing concentration. Computers are also versatile, as their capabilities can be changed by loading new programs. They have enormous memory and storage capabilities to store and recall vast amounts of information. However, computers have no intelligence or feelings of their own - they must be programmed with logical step-by-step instructions to perform tasks.
Input devices allow users to enter data and interact with computers. Some common input devices are keyboards, mice, touchpads, joysticks, touch screens, scanners, and graphics tablets. Keyboards allow text entry and come in various sizes. Mice control on-screen cursors by detecting finger movement on surfaces. Touchpads are alternatives to mice for laptops. Joysticks are used for game controls. Touch screens are displays that can detect touch input. Scanners digitize images. Graphics tablets enable hand drawing of images and graphics.
This document provides an introduction and history of computers. It defines what a computer is and who a user is. It discusses data and information and how information technology uses computers. It then outlines the history of computers from mechanical computers in the 1600s to modern electronic computers. It describes the four generations of electronic computers from vacuum tubes to microprocessors. It concludes by defining types of computers like analog and digital and classifying computers such as supercomputers, mainframes, workstations, servers, desktops, laptops and palmtops.
Computer is an electronic device that processes data according to programmed instructions. It has hardware components that can be seen like input devices to enter data, output devices to display processed information, processing devices to execute instructions on data, and storage devices to store data. It also uses software programs installed on the hardware to perform specific tasks, including system software to manage the hardware, application software to perform user-oriented tasks, and utility software provided by vendors to perform common functions.
Computers are used in nearly every field due to their ability to efficiently store and process large amounts of data. They are vital tools in science, education, medicine, engineering, entertainment, communication, business, banking, and more. Computers have transformed industries like publishing, banking, and education by facilitating tasks like data management, communication, and content creation/distribution. Their use continues to grow as technology advances and they take on more complex roles, such as participating in scientific research and performing medical diagnostics.
Introduction to Basic Computer Concepts PresentationAna Tan
The document discusses the history and evolution of computers from early calculating aids like the abacus to modern computers. It describes inventions like the Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator, the Difference Engine, an early mechanical computer, and the ENIAC, one of the first general-purpose electronic computers. It then discusses the development of personal computers starting in the 1970s and the introduction of devices like the Apple I, IBM PC, and early netbooks.
Learn to identify parts of a computer, hardware and software, operate the mouse and keyboard and become familiar with the MS Windows X/P Operating System.
The parts of a computer slideshow for grades 3-4. Includes a quiz and activity. The activity is supposed to have the students act out the parts of a computer.
*ROM is READ ONLY MEMORY - I had a typo...sorry!
Computers have evolved over five generations from vacuum tubes to integrated circuits. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, power-hungry machines programmed in machine language. The second generation introduced transistors, core memory, and operating systems. The third generation saw the development of integrated circuits, lowering power consumption. The fourth generation used LSI and VLSI technologies for portable computers, RAID storage, and data communication. The fifth generation utilizes parallel processing, superconductors, speech recognition, robots, and artificial intelligence. Future computers promise even faster, smarter, and more affordable technologies.
The document discusses different types of computers including palmtop, laptop, and mainframe computers. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer and software as programs that run on hardware. The main hardware components are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, input devices, output devices, and storage devices. The CPU consists of a control unit and arithmetic logic unit. Memory includes both random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). Software includes operating systems, application software, and utility software. An operating system controls the computer and allows other programs to run.
This document provides an overview of essential computer concepts, including different types of computers, computer systems, data representation, memory, storage media, input/output devices, data communications, and networks. The objectives are to investigate these topics at a basic level in order to understand how computers work at a fundamental level. Key points covered include the components of a computer system, how data is stored and represented digitally, common input/output devices, basics of data transmission and networking, and examples of different network types.
This document discusses different types of computer storage devices. It begins with a brief history of storage technologies like punch cards and magnetic tape. It then categorizes storage devices as either primary or secondary. Primary storage includes RAM and ROM, while secondary storage includes hard disks, CDs, DVDs, and other removable media. The document focuses on hard disks, describing their components like platters, arms, heads, and how data is stored in tracks and sectors. Other modern storage discussed includes diskettes, flash memory cards, and USB devices.
This presentation discusses different types of storage devices. It begins by introducing storage capacity and properties of storage units like access time and cost. The main types covered are optical storage devices like CDs, DVDs, and Blu-Ray discs which can store large amounts of data but are fragile. Magnetic storage devices discussed are floppy disks with small capacity and hard disks which are the primary computer storage. Solid state flash memory and memory sticks are also covered as portable options.
A computer system consists of hardware and software components that work together to take inputs, process them, and produce outputs. The hardware components include input devices to enter data, storage devices to store data and software long-term, and output devices to present the processed data to users. Examples of input devices are keyboards, mice, and microphones. Storage devices include hard drives, DVDs, CDs, and flash drives, which represent data using magnetic domains, lasers, or electric charge. Output devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers are used to display or present the output of the computer's processing to users.
The document discusses the three main elements that make up a computer: peopleware, software, and hardware. Peopleware refers to the users of the computer. Software includes programs like operating systems and applications that provide instructions for the computer to function. Hardware are the physical parts of the computer, from the largest components down to the smallest pieces. All three elements are necessary for a computer to work.
The desktop contains several key elements:
1. The desktop background - The visual background of the desktop interface. It does not have any functional purpose.
2. Icons - Graphical representations that launch programs and files when clicked. Common icons include Recycle Bin, web browser, documents.
3. Taskbar - Located at the bottom of the screen by default. It contains shortcuts to open programs, system notifications, and the Start button.
The desktop provides visual representations of a computer's programs, files, and system tools through elements like icons, background images, and the taskbar.
A computer system is defined as a combination of hardware, software, and a user that work together to process data and store files. The hardware components include input devices to produce input signals, output devices to display output, storage devices to hold data, and a processor like the CPU that acts as the brain of the computer. System software manages the basic functions of the computer hardware and serves as a platform for application software which allows users to perform specific tasks like work, business, and entertainment.
Hi; Dearest Friends!!!!
Road accidents major issue of the World. So many people affected & dead for its every day,
So; I would like to greetings on Road safety Life Safety all of you for universal, social and , humanity etc.
The document provides information about road safety and accident prevention. It discusses various causes of accidents such as overspeeding, tailgating, dangerous overtaking, ignoring traffic signs and lights, and inattentiveness. It also lists enemies of drivers like speeding, overloading, overtaking and alcohol. Friends of drivers include good vision, hearing, awareness and common sense. Human error is the main cause of most accidents.
This document discusses implementing the Nagoya Protocol in microbiology through the development of the TRUST system. TRUST stands for Transparent User-friendly System of Transfer and aims to manage the impact of the CBD and Nagoya Protocol on scientific and administrative activities related to microbial resources. It consists of four main elements: 1) updated MOSAICC guidelines; 2) refined Material Accession and Transfer Agreements; 3) the Global Catalogue of Microorganisms (GCM) database; and 4) cooperative networks of culture collections. The GCM provides a comprehensive database for microbial resources, associated data, and tracking of strain possession, location, and use. Together these tools work to increase transparency and facilitate access and benefit-sharing
This document discusses the different types of computer storage devices. It describes primary storage (RAM), secondary storage (hard disks), and removable storage media. RAM is volatile memory that the CPU can directly access for active data and instructions. ROM is read-only and stores permanent functions. Hard disks are magnetic devices that serve as non-volatile secondary storage and can store large amounts of data. Removable media includes USB drives, memory cards, optical discs like CDs and DVDs, magnetic tapes, and external hard disks, which allow portable transfer and storage of data.
A practical computer program that diagnoses diseases in actual patients.carlos_feder
Several so called "computer medical diagnosis programs" have been devised. We had a chance to review Internist, Quick Medical Reference (QMR), DXplain, Iliad, Gideon, Isabel, and others; some are no longer available. All this systems evoke a typically long differential diagnosis list, based on patient's symptoms, providing an excellent reminder of unusual diagnoses; however, they are unable to pinpoint the actual disease or diseases that indeed afflict a specific patient. Consequently, they are considered rather teaching or training tools for medical students or inexperienced physicians, as admitted by some of the program authors; for this reason and being quite time consuming to consult, these programs are poorly accepted and used by practicing health care providers. Our novel diagnostic system overcomes the drawbacks of existing programs, emulating as close as possible the natural reasoning of human clinicians. The core of our system is the novel mini-max procedure that computes the probability of each potential diagnosis more accurately than Bayes formula, Bayesian networks, and other similar methods; the system also diagnoses concurrent diseases that simultaneously afflict a single patient. Mini-max procedure enables to determine probabilistically and recommend at each diagnostic step the best cost-benefit clinical data next to investigate in a patient. This facilitates important overall cost saving-cost comprising expense, risk, and discomfort of obtaining clinical data-for patents and saving of available medical resources, by discouraging the ordering of futile tests or procedures. Our system is capable of diagnosing complex clinical presentations and precludes overlooking diagnoses associated with confirmed diagnoses. For all its virtues, our diagnostic system offers important socio-economic benefits that have the potential to change the way medicine will be practiced in the future; it is expected to provide invaluable benefits to patients, physicians, nurses, hospitals, health insurance companies, malpractice insurance companies and lawyers, and the entire medical establishment.
RAM is a type of volatile memory that is used for temporary storage. It allows data to be accessed randomly in any order. There are different types of RAM such as static RAM, dynamic RAM, SDRAM, and DDR SDRAM. RAM is part of a memory hierarchy that includes processor registers, cache memory levels L1-L3, main memory, and virtual memory. Future RAM technologies aim to provide memory that is smaller, faster, and cheaper than current memory chips.
RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a type of volatile memory that can be accessed randomly. There are two main types of RAM: SRAM (Static RAM) and DRAM (Dynamic RAM). SRAM does not need to be refreshed, while DRAM must be refreshed regularly to maintain its data. DRAM is faster than SRAM but also more expensive. DRAM is the most common type used in computers today and comes in memory module forms like DIMMs, SO-DIMMs, and memory sticks.
This document provides an overview of basic computer systems. It discusses the main types of computers including personal computers, mainframes, minicomputers, and supercomputers. It also describes the typical components of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. The document outlines input and output devices, storage devices, operating systems, and other essential computer concepts. It provides details on keyboards, mice, printers, video cards, sound systems and other common computer parts.
THE COMPUTER DEFINED
In basic term, a computer is an electronic device that processes data, converting it into information that is useful to people. Any computer- regardless of its type- is controlled by programmed instructions, which gives the machine a purpose and tell it what to do.
BASICS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM,DEFINITION, TYPES OF COMPUTER, PERSONAL COMPUTER, MAINFRAME COMPUTER, MINICOMPUTER ,SUPER COMPUTER,PARTS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM, INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES, STORAGE DEVICES
This document provides an overview of basic computer systems. It defines different types of computers including personal computers, mainframes, minicomputers, and supercomputers. It describes the typical components of a personal computer and explains that today's personal computers are more powerful than those from a few years ago. The document also defines what a computer is, describes the typical parts of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It provides details on computer processors, memory, control units, arithmetic logic units, and input/output devices. The document concludes with sections on information processing cycles and operating systems.
This document provides an overview of basic computer systems. It discusses the main types of computers including personal computers, mainframes, minicomputers, and supercomputers. It describes the typical components of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It explains the basic functions of processors, memory, control units, and arithmetic logic units. It also covers input and output devices such as keyboards, mice, printers, monitors, and storage devices including magnetic disks and optical disks.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as input and processes it according to programmed instructions to produce output. It consists of hardware components like the CPU, memory, and storage that perform logical and arithmetic operations on data, as well as software programs and operating systems. The basic components of a computer are the input unit, memory unit, central processing unit, and output unit, which work together in a continuous loop of input, processing, and output via the IPO cycle.
Basics of the Computer System.
Hi Everyone, here in this presentation you are about to get knowledge of 'What actually is a Computer System? Different types of computer, Computer Hardware, Software and a lot more with animated video..
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A computer system consists of three main parts: hardware, software, and people. Hardware refers to the physical and mechanical components of the computer, including input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, and storage devices like hard drives. Software includes system software that controls the hardware like operating systems, and application software that allows users to perform tasks. People are the various types of users, from normal users to programmers, who operate and use computers.
Computers have evolved tremendously from the large machines of the 1940s that required teams to operate to today's personal computers that can fit in our pockets. The document discusses the basic components, types, and input/output devices of computers. It describes how computers work through hardware and software, with the CPU as the "brain" that performs calculations. The types of computers range from supercomputers to desktop PCs to laptops and tablets. Input devices discussed include keyboards, mice, and touchscreens, while output devices include monitors, printers, and speakers. Memory, both primary and secondary, is also summarized.
This document defines a computer and its components. It states that a computer is an electronic device that operates under instructions stored in its memory and takes input, processes it, and provides output. The main components are the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It describes the input-process-output cycle and characteristics of computers like speed, reliability, and accuracy. The document also classifies computers by size and function, describing microcomputers, mini computers, mainframes, and supercomputers. It outlines the different generations of computers and their components over time. Finally, it discusses common input devices, output devices, storage media, and other internal computer components.
1. The document discusses the history and components of computers from first to fifth generations, including vacuum tube, transistor, integrated circuit, and microprocessor technologies.
2. It describes the basic parts of a computer including input devices like the keyboard and mouse, output devices like monitors, and central processing units.
3. Memory types are explained including cache, primary, and secondary memory. RAM and ROM are also summarized.
Computers enable the efficient processing and storage of information. They are composed of hardware and software and exist in a variety of sizes, from embedded computers inside devices to supercomputers used for highly complex tasks. A basic computer system includes input devices like a keyboard, a central processing unit that performs calculations, and output devices like a monitor that present results.
Week2 intro to computer (how comps work, types of comps)ispkosova
A computer is an electronic machine that can perform mathematical calculations and logical comparisons quickly without errors. It takes in data as input, processes it according to instructions, and provides results as output or stores them. Computers consist of hardware, the physical components, and software which provides instructions to the hardware. When a computer is turned on, a program called the BIOS loads the operating system from permanent storage like a hard disk into temporary memory (RAM) to control the hardware. The CPU then processes data from input devices according to the operating system, and sends results to output devices like monitors or saves them to permanent storage. Main types of computers are mainframes for large organizations, minicomputers formerly for mid-sized businesses, super
S01.W01 - Introduction to to computer (how comps work, types of comps)selcukca84
Computers are electronic machines that can perform mathematical calculations quickly and store results permanently. They consist of hardware, the physical components, and software which provides instructions to the hardware. When a computer is turned on, a program called the BIOS loads the operating system from permanent storage into temporary memory. The operating system then manages the flow of data between input/output devices and the CPU which performs calculations. There are different types of computers including mainframes for large organizations, minicomputers formerly for mid-sized businesses, supercomputers for intensive tasks like weather modeling, and microcomputers generally for individual use.
A computer is an electronic device that can accept data as input, process the data according to instructions, produce output, and store information for future use. It has a central processing unit that executes instructions at high speeds with accuracy. Common computer components include input devices like keyboards and mice, output devices like monitors and printers, memory, storage devices, and software. Networks allow computers to be connected and share resources.
The document provides an introduction to computer information processing systems. It discusses how computers accept and process data to produce information. The three main components of an information processing system are hardware, software, and peopleware. It then describes the basic units used to measure digital information (bits and bytes) and provides details on the basic hardware components of a PC system, including the central processing unit, memory, input/output devices, and secondary storage. The document also discusses software and some key aspects of system software and applications.
A computer is a programmable machine that performs arithmetic and logical operations on input provided by the user to produce output. It has hardware components like the CPU and memory that execute instructions, as well as software programs. A computer is fast, accurate, can store large amounts of data, and work diligently for long periods without breaks. It has no intelligence or feelings. An operating system coordinates between the user and hardware and allows programs to run. Common functions of operating systems include task scheduling, memory management, and handling input/output.
The Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee was formed by SEBI in 1999 to develop a code of corporate governance for Indian companies. The committee submitted recommendations for both mandatory and non-mandatory guidelines. Key mandatory recommendations included composition of boards, establishment of audit committees, and disclosure requirements. The recommendations were implemented through Clause 49 of the listing agreement, which came into effect in 2005 and aimed to improve governance standards for listed companies.
The document discusses consumer rights and responsibilities in India. It provides definitions of a consumer and consumerism. It outlines the key government ministry and departments responsible for consumer affairs in India. The National Consumer Protection Act of 1986 established a three-tier quasi-judicial system for consumer dispute resolution. The act defined six rights for consumers: safety, to be informed, to choose, to be heard, to seek redressal, and to consumer education. The objectives of consumer protection and awareness in India are also summarized.
The document discusses the functions of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It states that RBI serves as India's central banking institution and monetary authority, formulating and implementing monetary policy. It regulates and supervises the country's financial system, manages foreign exchange, issues currency, acts as a banker to commercial banks, and detects counterfeit currency. RBI works to maintain public confidence in the banking system and provide efficient financial services, while ensuring adequate credit flows to productive sectors of the economy.
The document provides information about the International Monetary Fund (IMF). It states that the IMF oversees the global financial system and enforces liberalizing economic policies as a condition for loans. It was formed to stabilize international exchange rates and facilitate development. The IMF engages in dialogue with member countries about economic policies. The five largest shareholders are the United States, Japan, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom. The IMF aims to support short term loans for countries having balance of payment problems.
This document discusses replacement theory and models for determining optimal replacement policies. It introduces replacement theory and explains that items must be replaced when they become obsolete, unusable due to failure, or inefficient due to deterioration over time. It presents four models of replacement: (1) aging of machines that deteriorate over time, (2) availability of new machines that are better, (3) considering the time value of money in depreciation calculations, and (4) group replacements of items that completely fail after a certain usage amount. An example of replacing light bulbs individually or through group replacement is also provided.
This document discusses inflation including its definition, types, causes, effects, measurement, and measures to control it. Inflation is defined as a sustained increase in prices or fall in the value of money. The main types are open, suppressed, galloping, and hyper inflation. Key causes include an increase in money supply and deficit financing. Effects include inefficiencies in markets and uncertainty discouraging investment. Inflation is primarily measured using the Consumer Price Index. Measures to control inflation involve monetary, fiscal, and other policies like increasing production and implementing price controls.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
3. PERSONAL COMPUTER
The most common types of computer is personal
computer- a personal computer that is designed to sit on
a desk or table. These are the systems you see all
around you, in school, homes, and office.
Today’s personal computers are more
powerful than those of just a few year’s ago. Not only do
these machine enable people to do their jobs with
greater ease and efficient, but they can be used to
communicate, produce music, edit photographs and
videos, etc. the main components of the personal
computer is the system units.
4. COMPUTER SYSTEM
THE COMPUTER DEFINED
In basic term, a computer is an electronic
device that processes data, converting it into
information that is useful to people. Any
computer- regardless of its type- is controlled
by programmed instructions, which gives the
machine a purpose and tell it what to do.
5. MAINFRAME COMPUTER
Mainframe computer are used in large organizations such
as insurance companies and banks, where many people
frequently need to use the same data. In a traditional
mainframe environment, each user accesses the
mainframe’s resources through a device called a
terminal. There are two types of terminals. A dumb
terminal does not process or store data; it is simply an
input/output device that functions as a window into a
computer located somewhere else. An intelligent
terminal can perform some processing operations, but it
usually does not have any storage. In some mainframe
environments, however, workers can use a standard
personal computer to access the mainframe.
6. MINICOMPUTER
First released in the 1960s, minicomputers
got their name because of their small size
compared to other computer of the day.
The capabilities of a minicomputer are
somewhere between those of mainframe
and personal computers. For this reason
minicomputers are often called midrange
computers.
7. SUPERCOMPUTER
Supercomputers are the most powerful
computers made, and physically they are
some of the largest. These systems can
process huge amounts of data, and the
fastest supercomputers can perform more
than one trillion calculations per second.
8. PARTS OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
A complete computer system consists of mainly four parts.
1. Hardware (The computer)
2. Software (Programs)
3. Data (Information)
4. User (People)
Hardware
The mechanical devices that make up the computer are called
Hardware. A computer’s hardware consists of interconnected
electronic devices that you can use to control the computer’s
operation, input, and output.
Software
Software is a set of instructions that makes the computer perform
tasks. In other words we can say that, software tells the
computer what to do. Here the program refers to any piece of
software
9. Data
Data consist of individual facts or pieces of information that
by themselves may not make much sense to a person. A
computer primary job is to process these tiny pieces of data
in various ways, converting them into useful information
Users
Peoples are the computer operators, also known as users.
One can argue that some computer systems are complete
without a person’s involvement; however no computer is
totally autonomous.
Even if a computer can do its job without a person sitting in
front of it, people still design, build, program, and repair
computer system
10. INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE
.
Information processing cycle is a set of steps the
computer follows to receive data, process the data
according to instructions from a program, display the
resulting information to the user,and store the results.
MEMORY
INPUT
CU
ALU
OUTPUT
11. ESSENTIAL COMPUTER HARDWARE
A Computer’s hardware devices fall into one of four categories.
Processor: The procedure that transforms raw data into
useful information is called processing. The processor is like
the brain of computer system. A personal computer’s processor
is usually a Single or a set of chips contained on a circuitboard.
Memory devices:
Memory devices are of two types.
R A M (Random Access Memory):RAM is like an electronic
scratch pad inside the computer.RAM is made up of a set of
chips mounted on a small circuit board.RAM is a volatile
memory. RAM has a tremendous impact on the speed and
power of the computer.
R O M (Read Only Memory): ROM is a non-volatile memory.
ROM permanently stores its data, even when the computer is
shut off.ROM holds contents that the computer needs to operate.
12. C U (control unit):
All the computer’s resources are managed from the control unit.
It act as a traffic signal directing the flow of data through the CPU
as well as to and from other devices. The CPU instructions for
carrying out commands are built into the control unit.
The control unit is the logical hub of the computer.
A L U (Arithmetic logic unit):
The work of the ALU is to perform arithmetic and logical operations.
Arithmetic operation include addition, subtraction, multiplication,and
division. Logical operation include comparison, such as determining
whether one number is equal to, greater than, or less than another
number.
13. INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
Input devices:
The following are the types of input devices.
•KEYBOARD: The most common type of input device is keyboard
which accepts letters, numbers, and command from the users.
•MOUSE: This is another type of input device through which the
user give command to the computer.
•JOYSTICK: The joystick is a swiveling lever mounted on a stationary base that is well suited for playing video games.
•SCANNER: A scanner ca copy a printed page of a text or graphic
into the computer’s memory, freeing you from creating the data
From scratch.
•DIGITAL CAMERA: A digital camera can record still iamges,
which you can view and edit on the computer.
• TOUCH SCREEN: Touch screen accept input by allowing the
user to place a fingertips directly on the computer screen.
14. utput devices:
he following are the type of output devices.
MONITOR: The computer sends output to the monitor (the dislay screen) when the user needs only to see the output.
SPEAKER: This is another type of output devices through
which we used to hear sound and music.
PRINTER: Printer is most common output device in the
omputer system.Through printer we used to print the informion on a piece of paper. The printer paper is also called hard
opy.
YPES OF PRINTER:
enerally printers fall into two categories.
Impact printers:
An impact printer creates an image by using pins and hammers
o press an inked ribbon against the paper Ex:- typewriter.
15. II. Non-impact printer:
Non-impact printer use other means to create an image .Ex:Inkjet
Printer use tiny nozzles to spray to spray droplets of ink onto the
page.
•DOT MATRIX PRINTER:
These printer can produce sheet of plain text very quickly.These
printer are commonly used in workplace where physical impact
with the paper is important. The speed of dot matrix printer is
Measured in character per second (CPS).
Other types of impact printer is line printers, band printers.
•INK JET PRINTERS:
Ink jet printers create an image directly on the paper by spreading
Ink through tiny nozzles. These model typically attain print resolution of at least 300 dots per inch and can print two to four page
Per minute. In this type of printer routine replacement of ink
cartridge is necessary.
16. •LASER PRINTERS:
As the name implies, a laser printer is at the heart of these printer.
These printer is most expensive than inkjet printer, their print
quality are higher and faster.
The quality and speed of laser printers make them ideal for office
environment . The most common laser printers have resolutions
of 300 or 600 dpi both vertically and horizontally.
•ALL-IN-ONE PERIPHERALS:
Several printers makers make printer on the basis of all-in-one.
These devices combine printing with scanning, photocopying, and
Faxing capabilities.These devices are popular in home, offices,
and small businesses.
17. SING OPERATING SYSTEM:
he OS is an example of system software- software that controls
he system’s hardware and that interacts with the user and
pplication software. In short OS is the computer’s master control
rogram. The OS provides you with the tool that enables you to
nteract with the PC.
ypes of operating system:
perating system can be organized into four types.
. Real-time operating system
. Single-user/single-tasking operating system
. Single-user/multitasking operating system
. Multi-user/multitasking operating system
. Real-time operating system
A real time operating system is a very fast, relatively small OS.
hey are build into the circuitry of a device and are not loaded from
disk drive. A real time OS is needed to run real time application
18. Real time application are needed to run medical diagnostics
equipment, life support system, machinery, scientific instruments,
and industrial systems.
2. Single-user/single-tasking operating system:
An operating system that allows a single user to perform just one
task at a time is a single-user/single-tasking operating system.OS
can only manage a single task at a time.
MS-DOS is one example of a single tasking OS.
3. Single-user/multitasking operating system:
A Single-user/multitasking operating system is one that allows a
Single user to perform two or more functions at once. The multitasking features of these OSs have greatly increased the
productivity of people in the large variety of jobs because they
can accomplish in less time.
The disadvantages of Single-user/multitasking operating system is
the increased size, complexity to support multitasking.
19. 4. Multi-user/multitasking operating system:
A Multi-user/multitasking operating system is an operating system
that allows multiple users to use programs that are simultaneously
running on a single network server. In a Multi-user/multitasking
operating system environment, all or most of the computing
occurs at the server. The advantage of these operating system is
that they can be managed by simply making changes to one
server rather than to many desktop computer.
A disadvantages is that if the network connection to the server is
Broken, the user can not do any work in the application of server.
Ex- UNIX, VMS, and mainframe operating system such as MVS.
20. THE KEYBOARD
The keyboard was one of the first peripherals to
be used with computers, and it is still the
primary input device for entering text and
numbers. A standard keyboard includes about
100 keys; each key sends a different signal to
the CPU.
21. Numeric keys
pe
ALPHABET KEYS
Function keys
Backspace
Shift key
Caps lock
Esc
a
TAB KEY
Control key
ALT
y
te) ke
na
(Alter
Space bar
Arrow keys
ENTER KEY
tk
rtcu
Sho
ey
ke
art
St
y
22. THE MOUSE
A personal computer that was purchased in
the early 1980s probably included a
keyboard as the only input device. It is a
pointing device. A mouse is an input
device that you can move around on a flat
surface and control the pointer. The
pointer is an on-screen object, usually an
arrow, that is use to select text, access
menus, and interact with programs, files,
or data that appear on the screen.
23. CATEGORISED STORAGE DEVICES
The purpose of a storage device is hold data-even
when the computer is turned off-so the data can be
used whenever it is needed. Storage involves two
processes:
>> writing, or recording, the data so it can be found
later for use.
>> Reading the stored data, then transferring it into the
computer’s memory.
The physical material on which data
is stored are called storage media.
The hardware components that write data to, and
read data from, storage media are called storage
devices. For example: a diskette.
24. STORAGE DEVICES
MAGNETIC STORAGE DEVICE
Magnetic storage device are use the same
medium (the material on which the data is
stored), diskette derives, hard disk drives,
high-capacity floppy disk drives, and tape
drives use similar techniques for writing and
reading data. The surfaces of diskettes, hard
disks, high- capacity floppy disks, and
magnetic tape are coated with a magnetically
sensitive material, such as iron oxide, that
reacts to a magnetic field.
26. OPTICAL STORAGE DEVICE
The most popular alternatives to magnetic
storage systems are optical systems are
optical systems, including CD-ROM, DVDROM, and their variants. These devices
fall into the category of optical storage
because they store data on a reflective
surface so it can be read by a beam of
laser light. A laser uses a concentrated,
narrow beam of light, focused and directed
with lenses, prisms, and mirrors.
28. CD-ROM
The familiar audio compact disk is a popular
medium for storing music. In the computer
world, however, the medium is called
COMPACT DISK-READ-ONLY MEMORY (CDROM).CD-ROM uses the same technology used
to produce music CD. If your computer has a
CD-ROM drive, sound card, and speakers, you
can play audio cd’s on your PC.A CD-ROM drive
reads digital data (whether computer data or
audio) from a spinning disk by focusing a laser
on the disk’s surface. Data is storage in the form
of lands, which are flat areas on the metal
surface, and pits, which are depressions or
hollows. A standard compact disk can store 650
MB of data or about 70 minutes of audio.
29. DVD-ROM
Many of today’s new PCs feature a built-in
DIGITAL VIDEO DISK-read-only memory
(DVD-ROM) drive rather than a standard
CD-ROM drive. DVD-ROM is a highdensity medium capable of storing a fulllength movie on a single disk the size of a
CD.
30. VIDEO AND SOUND
VIDEO CARDS
The quality of the images that a monitor can
display is defined as much by the video card
(also called video controller) as by the monitor
itself. The video controller is an intermediary
device between the CPU and the monitor. It
contains the video –dedicated memory and
other circuitry necessary to send information to
the monitor for display on the screen.
31. SOUNDS SYSTEMS
Microphones are now important input
devices, and speakers and their
associated technologies are key output
system. Sounds systems are especially
useful to people who use their computer to
create or use multimedia products, watch
videos or listen to music, or participate in
online activities such as videoconferences
or distance learning.
32. SOUND CARDS
The most complicated part of a computer’s sound
system is the sound card. A computer’s sound
card is a circuit board that converts sounds from
analog to digital form, and vice versa, for
recording or playback. A sounds card actually
has both input and output functions. If you want
to use your computer’s microphone to record
your voice, for instance, you connect the
microphone to the sounds card’s input jack.