By this presentation you will get to now about basics of computers. This is very useful for students.

1. Computer Studies

2. What is Computer ?
A computer is an electronic
machine which helps in
solving problems quickly and
easily. It solves problems
according to instructions
given to it by the computer
user.

3. Different use of Computer
OFFICE
Computers are used to type
and print document, letters,
etc.
Computers helps in keeping
records of office employees.
Computers help in sending e-
mails.

4. BANK
Computers are used in banks for
storing information about
different accounts holders.
Computers help in keeping a
record of the cash.
Computer help in giving all kinds
of information regarding any
account in the bank.

5. EDUCATION
Computers are used in
school for teaching and
distance learning.
Computers are used for
d i f f e r e n t o n l i n e
e x a m i n a t i o n a n d t o
announce the result in
time.

6. ENTERTAINMENT
Computers are used for
playing games, listening to
m u s i c , a n d w a t c h i n g
movies.
Computers are used for
making drawings, making
c a r t o o n m o v i e s a n d
animation films.

7. RAILWAY STATIONS AND
AIRPORTS
Computer help in giving
information about ticket
reservations, bookings, arrival
and departure timings of trains
and aeroplanes.
Computers help in keeping
records of all the passengers.

8. HOSPITALS
Computers help in keeping
records of all the patients in
the hospitals.
Computers help doctor in
controlling operation theatre
machines and in doing a
number of medical tests.

9. DEFENCE
Computer help in launching of
missiles in defence, constructing
weapons and controlling their
functions.
Computer help in establishing
communication links between
t h e s o l d i e r s a n d t h e i r
commanders through satellites.

10. Types of computer based on
Application
An analog computer is a form of
computer that uses the continuously
changeable aspects of physical
phenomena such as electrical,
mechanical, or hydraulic quantities to
model the problem being solved.
Analog computer

11. Digital computer
A digital computer is machine
that stores data in a numerical
format and performs operations
on that data using
mathematical manipulation.

12. Hybrid computer
Hybrid computers are computers
that exhibit features of analogue
computers and digital computers.
The digital component normally
serves as the controller and provides
logical operations, while the analogue
component normally serves as a
solver of differential equations.

13. Types of computer based on Size
Micro computer
A microcomputer is a small,
relatively inexpensive
computer with a
microprocessor as its central
processing unit (CPU).[2] It
includes a microprocessor,
memory, and input/output (I/
O) facilities. Desktop
computer, Laptop computer
and Palmtop computer are
called microcomputers.

14. Mini computer
A minicomputer is a type of
computer that possesses most of
the features and capabilities of a
large computer but is smaller in
physical size.

15. Main Frame Computer
Mainframe computers are
computers used primarily by
corporate and governmental
organizations for critical
applications, bulk data processing
such as census, industry and
consumer statistics, enterprise
resource planning and transaction
processing.

16. Super Computer
The fastest type of computer.
Supercomputers are very
expensive and are employed
for specialized applications that
require immense amounts of
mathematical calculations. For
example, weather forecasting
requires a supercomputer.
Other uses of supercomputers
include animated graphics, fluid
dynamic calculations, nuclear
energy research, and petroleum
exploration.

17. Computers Have Two Main Parts
1. Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware is the physical part of
the computer system, the machinery and
equipment.
Parts of the computer “you can see”
2. Computer Software
Computer Software are programs that tell
the computer what to do.

18. Computer Hardware
1.System unit
- Central Processing Unit (C.P.U.)
2.Input unit
- Key Board
- Mouse
- scanner
3.Output unit
- Monitor
- Printer

19. Computer system

20. CPU: Central Processing Unit
ALU: arithmetic logic unit
– Performs arithmetic and Boolean logical
calculations
CU: control unit
– Controls processing of instructions
– Controls movement of data within the CPU
Interface unit
– Moves instructions and data between the
CPU and other hardware components

21. Memory
In computing, memory refers to the devices used to store
information for use in a computer.

22. RAM
Random Access Memory (RAM) is a computer
storage location that allows information to be stored
and accessed quickly from random locations.
Types of RAM
There are two different types of RAM:
DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).

23. ROM
Read-Only Memory is a computer memory on which data has been
prerecorded. Once data has been written onto a ROM chip, it
cannot be removed and can only be read.
Types of RAM
PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory)
EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read-Only
Memory)
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable
Read-Only Memory)
EAROM (Electrically Alterable Read-Only
Memory)

24. Input Units
Key Board
A keyboard is the set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data
into a computer. The keys on computer keyboards are often classified as
follows:
Alphanumeric keys -- letters and numbers
Punctuation keys -- comma, period, semicolon, and so on.
Special keys -- function keys, control keys, arrow keys, Caps Lock key etc

25. Mouse
A device that controls the movement of the
cursor or pointer on a display screen. A mouse
is a small object you can roll along a hard, flat
surface.
Scanner
scanner or optical scanner is a hardware
input device that allows a user to take an
image or text and convert it into a digital
file, allowing the computer to read or
display the scanned object.

26. Output Units
Monitor
The monitor is the piece of computer
hardware that displays the video and
graphics information generated by the
computer
Printer
A printer is an external hardware device
responsible for taking computer data
and generating a hard copy of that data.
Printers are commonly used to print
text, images, and photos.

27. Storage device
Storage Devices are the data storage devices that are used in the
computers to store the data. Following are the different storage devices:

28. Computer Software
1. Operating System
2. Application Software
3. Utility Software
Computer hardware would be useless without software, the lists of
instructions which tell the hardware what to do.
Computers require various types of software to make them useful.
These can be classified as follows:

29. 1. Operating System
An operating system is the
core software that allows a
computer to run as an useful
device. It manages the
hardware, the user interface
and all other software running
on the computer.

31. Basic Function of OS
Operating
System
Device Configuration : Controls peripheral devices
connected to the computer
File Management : Transfer files between main
memory and secondary storage. Manages file
folders. Allocates the secondary storage space, and
provides file protection and recovery.
Memory Management : allocates the use of random
access memory (RAM) to requesting process.
Interface Platform : Allow the computer to run other
application

32. 2. Application software
An application program is any program
designed to perform a specific function
directly for the user or, in some cases, for
another application program.
Application programs use the services of
the computer's operating system and other
supporting programs.
Ex: word processor, database programs,
Web browser ,development tools, drawing,
paint, and image editing programs, and
communication programs.

33. 3. Utility software
Utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to perform
maintenance type tasks
System tools
command
Utility for
managing
files
Utility for removing
unwanted files
Utility for
defragmenting
disks
Utility for
restoring backed
up files

34. Thumbnail
A file manager is a utility that
performs function related to file
management.
! Displaying a list of files
! Organizing files in folders
! Copying, renaming, deleting,
moving and sorting files and
folders.
! Creating shortcuts

35. A search utility is a
program that attempts to
locate a file on your
computer based on criteria
you specify
Type
here
a
word
you
want
to
search

36. An image viewer allows user to
display, copy, and print the contents
of a graphic file.
An Uninstaller removes a program, as
well as any associated entries in the
system files

37. A disk cleanup utility
searches for and removes
unnecessary files.
" Downloaded program files
" Temporary internet files
" Deleted files
" Unused program files

38. A disk defragmenter reorganizes the files and unused space on
computer's hard disk so that the operating system accesses more
quickly and programs run faster
Files before
defragmenting
Files after
defragment
ing

39. A backup utility allows
user to copy files to
another storage medium.
A restore utility reverses
the process and returns
backed up files to their
original form.

40. A screen saver causes a display
device's screen to show a moving
image or blank screen if no activity
occurs for a specified time.
A personal firewall detects and
protects a personal computer from
unauthorized instructions.

41. A virus describes a potentially
damaging computer program
that affects a computer
negatively
A virus cannot be spread
without a human action, (such
as running an infected
program) to keep it going.

42. Antivirus program protects a
computer against viruses

43. Worms spread from computer
to computer and, unlike a virus,
have the ability to travel without
any help from a person

44. Spyware is a program placed on a
computer without the user's
knowledge that secretly collects
information about users.
A spyware remover detects and
deletes spyware and other similar
programs

45. Trojan horses do not reproduce
by infecting other files nor do they
self-replicate.
At first glance they will appear to
be useful software but will actually
do damage once installed or run
on your computer.

46. Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from
being dilplayed

47. A file compression utility shrinks the
size of a files.
Compressing files frees up space on
the storage media and they can be
uncompressed too.
Compressed files sometimes called as
zipped files

48. Computer Network
A computer network or data
network is a telecommunications
network which allows computers
to exchange data.
In computer networks,
networked computing
devices pass data to each
other along data
connections.
The best-known computer
network is the Internet.

49. Uses of Computer Networks
SHARING RESOURCES
In
a
computer
network,
resources
such
as,
printers,
scanners,
fax
machines
and
modems
can
be
shared
among
different
users.
COMMUNICATION
People
can
communicate
at
very
low
cost
in
all
over
world
via
e-­‐
mail,
cha@ng,
telephone,
video
telephone,
video
conferencing,
groupware,
and
SMS
services
etc.

50. SHARING SOFTWARE
In a computer network, usually
application programs and other
software are stored on the central
computer.
DATA SHARING
In a network environment, any
authorized user can access data
stored on other computers on the
network.

51. Network Topology
" Point-to-Point
" Bus Topology
" Star Topology
" Ring Topology
" Mesh Topology
" Tree Topology
" Daisy Chain
" Hybrid Topology
A Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer
systems or network devices are connected to each other.

52. POINT-TO-POINT
Point-to-point networks contains exactly two hosts such as
computer, switches or routers, servers connected back to back
using a single piece of cable. Often, the receiving end of one host
is connected to sending end of the other and vice-versa.

53. BUS TOPOLOGY
All devices share single communication line or cable. Both ends of the
shared channel have line terminator. The data is sent in only one direction
and as soon as it reaches the extreme end, the terminator removes the data
from the line.

54. STAR TOPOLOGY
All hosts in Star topology are connected to a central device, known as
hub device, using a point-to-point connection.

55. RING TOPOLOGY
In ring topology, each host machine connects to exactly two other machines,
creating a circular network structure.

56. MESH TOPOLOGY
In this type of topology, a host is connected to one or multiple hosts.

57. TREE TOPOLOGY
Also known as Hierarchical Topology, this is the most common form of network
topology in use presently.

58. DAISY CHAIN
This topology connects all the hosts in a linear fashion. Similar to Ring
topology, all hosts are connected to two hosts only, except the end hosts.

59. HYBRID TOPOLOGY
A network structure whose design contains more than one topology is
said to be hybrid topology.

60. Local area network (LAN)
A LAN is a computer network
that interconnects computers
within a limited area such as a
home, school, computer
laboratory, or office building,
using network media

61. Wide area network (WAN)
A WAN is a network that
covers a broad area.
Business and
government entities use
WANs to relay data
among employees,
clients, buyers, and
suppliers from various
geographical locations.

62. Metropolitan area network (MAN)
A MAN is a computer network larger than a local area network,
covering an area of a few city blocks to the area of an entire
city, possibly also including the surrounding areas.

63. Introduction of Internet
The Internet is a
global system of
interconnected
computer networks
that use the standard
Internet protocol suite
(TCP/IP) to link
several billion
devices worldwide.

64. The most widely used part of the
Internet is the World Wide Web
(often abbreviated "WWW" or called
"the Web").
Using the Web, you have access to
billions of pages of information. Web
browsing is done with a Web
browser, the most popular of which
are Chrome, Firefox, Safari and
Internet Explorer.

65. Additional hardware required for internet are:
Modem Router Network Card

66. Transmission media
Types of Transmission Media
Transmission media is broadly classified into two groups.
1. Wired Transmission Media
2. Wireless Transmission Media
Transmission media is a pathway that carries the information
from sender to receiver. We use different types of cables or
waves to transmit data. Data is transmitted normally through
electrical or electromagnetic signals.

67. Wired Transmission Media are the cables that have physical
existence and are limited by the physical geography. Popular wired
transmission media in use are:
TWISTED PAIR CABLE
CO-AXIAL CABLE
FIBER OPTICAL CABLE

68. SATELITE TRANSMISSION WI-FI TRANSMISSION
Wireless Transmission Media are the ways of transmitting data
without using any cables. These media are not bounded by physical
geography.