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Interpersonal communication & relationship.pptx
- 1. MRS. ROMY MARKOSE INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION & RELATIONSHIP
- 3. Intrapersonal Communication ⚫Self talk, self verbalisation & inner thoughts ⚫Enhances self concept & identifies how to communicate with others.
- 5. ⚫It is inescapable, irreversible, complicated & contextual form of communication. # It is defined as a dynamic process involving continual adaptation & adjustments between two or more human beings engaged in face to face interactions during which each person is continually aware of the others
- 6. Purposes ⚫Convey & receive information ⚫ Enhance the attitude & behaviour of the sender & receiver. ⚫Maintain relationships with others. ⚫Identify, express & understand the needs of oneself & others. ⚫Give & accept emotional support ⚫Able to make decisions & solve problems
- 7. ⚫Anticipate & predict problems ⚫Execute power.
- 8. Types....... Interpersonal communication Direc t Mediate d Mas s Transperson al 1. Dyadic 2. Group 3. Public 4.Organisational 5. Family 1. Dyadic 2. Group
- 9. Direct Interpersonal Communication ⚫Face to face interaction btw persons, who are independent. 1. Dyadic interpersonal communication btw two persons. Eg: nurse & patient, teacher & student 2. Group interpersonal communication btw 3 or more numbers. Goal oriented. Eg: Nurse gives health education to a group of patients
- 10. 3. Public interpersonal communication involves large group. Monologue style. Eg: presentation during conferences 4. Organisational interpersonal communication within a large organisation Eg: head nurse conducts meeting with staff nurses in the unit. 5. Family interpersonal communication within families.
- 11. Mediated interpersonal communication ⚫Use of technology in the field of communication. Eg: use of telephone, mail, fax 1. Dyadic interpersonal communication communication btw two people but not face to face. Eg: telephone, mail 2. Group interpersonal communication involves small group of people to communicate but not face to face Eg : teleconfernce
- 12. ⚫Mass Communication it is a public form of communication, involving large & diverse audience. Eg: radio, newspaper TV, magazines ⚫Transpersonal communication Btw a person & his spiritual being. Eg: prayer, meditation, religious rituals
- 13. Forms of Interpersonal Communication ⚫VERBAL COMMUNICATION ⚫NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION ⚫SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION ⚫META COMMUNICATION
- 14. Verbal communication Important aspects are:- ⚫Vocabulary ⚫Denotative & Connotative Meaning ⚫Pacing ⚫Intonation ⚫Clarity & Brevity ⚫Timing & Relevance
- 15. Non verbal communication The different non verbal behaviours are:- ⚫Personal appearance ⚫Posture & Gait ⚫Facial expression ⚫Eye contact ⚫Gestures ⚫Sounds ⚫Territoriality & Personal space
- 16. ⚫Symbolic communication eg : art & music ⚫Meta communication “ communication about communication” “message within the message”
- 17. Stages.... ⚫ Knapp’s relationship escalation model & Knapp’s relationship termination model. Coming together Coming apart Relational maintenance Differentiati ng Circumscribi ng Stagnation Avoiding Terminating Intensifying Integration Initiating Bonding Integrating
- 18. Barriers in Interpersonal communication ⚫Process barrier ⚫ Personal barrier 1. emotional barrier 2. desire to participate barrier 3. desire to explore barrier ⚫Physical barrier ⚫Semantic barrier ⚫Systematic barriers
- 19. Measures to overcome barriers ⚫ Use simple words ⚫ Keep away the emotions ⚫ Have constructive feedback ⚫ Learn art of learning while communicating ⚫ Maintain eye contact ⚫ Understand feelings of each other ⚫ Use right communication channel ⚫ Use language that will fix the audience ⚫ Maintain integrity and honesty ⚫ Reduction in noise level
- 20. ⚫Keep simple organisational hierarchical level ⚫Maintain trust ⚫Avoid confusing nonverbal communication
- 21. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP ( IPR )
- 22. ⚫In the view of Hildegard Peplau, nursing should be considered as a “ significant, therapeutic, and interpersonal process” ⚫Components of Nurse- Client Relationship 1. TRUST 2. RESPECT 3. PROFESSIONAL INTIMACY 4. EMPATHY 5. POWER
- 23. Types...... ⚫FRIENDSHIP ⚫FAMILY & KINSHIP RELATIONSHIP ⚫ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP ⚫PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP ⚫MARRIAGE ⚫PLATONIC RELATIONSHIP ⚫ACQUAINTANCES
- 24. Phases of IPR Phases of IPR Working phase Introductory / Orientation phase Pre- interaction phase Terminatio n phase
- 25. Barriers of Interpersonal Relationship Therapeutic impasses are the blocks/ barriers in the progress of the nurse - patient relationship. The four common therapeutic impasses are:- 1. RESISTANCE 2. TRANSFERENCE 3. COUNTER TRANSFERENCE 4. BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS
- 26. RESISTANCE It is the patient’s reluctance or avoidance of talking about oneself. CAUSES ⚫ Nurse moved too quickly into the patient’s feelings ⚫ Intentional or unintentionally conveyed lack of respect Overcoming Resistance ⚫ Active listening ⚫ Clarify the informations provided ⚫ Reflect the feelings of the patient so that patient can understand & aware of what is going on in hismind.
- 27. ⚫ Explore the behavior to find the possible reason ⚫ Maintain open communication with the supervisor TRANSFERENCE It is an unconscious response in which patient experience feelings & attitude toward the nurse that were originally associated with other significant others in their life. There are two types of transference:- 1. Hostile Transference patient internalizes the anger & hostility. Express as depression & discouragement.
- 28. Dependent Reaction Transference This is characterised by patients who are submissive, subordinate & ingratiating & who regard the nurse as god like figure. Patient continues to demand on nurse. Overcoming Transference ⚫ The nurse should assist the patient in sorting out their past from the present. ⚫ Assist the patient in identifying the transference & re-assign a new appropriate meaning to the current nurse - patient relationship
- 29. ⚫ Teach them to assume responsibility of their own behaviors, feeling & thoughts. COUNTER TRANSFERENCE It is created by the nurse’s emotional response to the qualities of the patient. Happens in the nurse towards the patient. 3 types of counter transference:- 1. Reactions of intense love & caring 2. Reactions of intense disgust or hostility 3. Reactions of intense anxiety, often in response to resistance by the patient.
- 30. Forms of counter transferences:- ⚫ Inability to empathize with the patient ⚫ Depressed feelings during or after duty ⚫ Carelessness about implementing the contract by being late, running overtime etc. ⚫ Drowsiness during the shift ⚫ Feeling anger or impatience bcoz of patient’s unwillingness to chance ⚫ A tendency to focus repeatedly on one aspect presented by the patient.
- 31. Management of Counter transference ⚫ Therapeutic relationship need not be terminated, but should be supervised. ⚫ The supervisor should support the nurse to understand the feelings of counter transference ⚫ If nurse identifies the counter tranferance by herself, she should discuss it with her seniors ⚫ Peer consultation & professional meeting is helpful
- 32. BOUNDARY VIOLATIONS This occurs when a nurse goes outside the boundaries of the therapeutic relationships & establishes a social, economic or personal relationship with a patient. Different ways of boundary violations are:- 1. Intimacy & Sexual boundaries : Intimate behavior & sexual contact with a patient are serious boundary violations 2. Role boundaries 3. Time boundaries :- odd & unusual treatment hours
- 33. 4. Place & Space boundaries : these are related to the place where the treatment occurs : time spent by a nurse in a patient’s room 5. Money boundaries 6. Clothing boundaries 7. Language boundaries 8. Self disclosure boundaries 9. Gift boundaries
- 34. JOHARI WINDOW
- 35. ⚫ American psychologists, Joseph Luft & Harrington Ingham in 1955 developed JOHARI WINDOW ⚫ This model helps to understand their relationship with themselves & with others. ⚫ Disclosure/ Feedback Model of Self-Awareness or Information Processing Tool ⚫ This model has got four square grid like windows which represents four regions/ area related to self- awareness
- 36. Known to self Unknown to self Known to others Unknown to others OPEN SELF Information about you that both you & other know BLIND SELF Information about you that you don’t know but other do know HIDDEN SELF Information about you that you know but other don’t know UNKNOWN SELF Information about you know that neither you nor other know
- 37. Principles ⚫ A change in any one quadrant affects all other quadrants. ⚫ The smaller the quadrant 1, the poor the communication ⚫ Interpersonal learning means that a change has taken place, so quadrant 1 is larger & one more of the other quadrant is smaller
- 38. GOALS To increase the size of your OPEN SELF. Benefits are:- ⚫ to build trust with others by disclosing information about oneself ⚫ to get help from others in learning about oneself & grow as aperson
- 39. STEPS 1. Enlarge the First quadrant 2. Reduce the size the SECOND quadrant by listening to & learning from others 3. Reducing the size of quadrant THREE by self disclosing or revealing the important aspects of self to others.
- 40. DRAWBACKS ⚫ not communicated with others ⚫ people may further pass on information they received than you desire or use it in a negative way.