This document discusses therapeutic barriers and the Johari window model of communication. It defines attitudes and identifies various barriers to therapeutic communication, including physiological, social, cultural, ethical, psychological, language, physical, systematic, attitudinal and organizational barriers. The Johari window model has four quadrants representing the open self (known to self and others), private self (known to self but not others), unknown self (known to others but not self), and unknown self (unknown to self and others). Understanding these barriers and using the Johari window can help improve self-awareness, communication, relationships and group dynamics.

1. THERAPEUTIC BARRIERS
AND JOHARI WINDOW
PRESENTER:
TAJINDER KKAUR

2. DEFINITION OF THERAPEUTIC
ATTITUDES
• An attitude is a frame of reference around which an
individual organize knowledge about his or her world.an
attitude also has an emotional component.it can be a
prejudgment an d be selective and biased.attitute fulfil
the need to find the meaning in life and to provide clarity
and consistency to individual. The prevailing stigma
attached to mental illness is an example of a negative
attitude.

3. BARRIERS OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

4. DEFINITION
• Barriers of communication can be anything that inhibits the process of
communication and cause a lack of
• Barriers can be defined as anything that prevents effective exchange of
information, thoughts and ideas.

5. IDENTIFYING BARRIERS
• State all the
barriers that you
can think of that
impact on your day-
to-day
communication

6. TYPES OF BARRIERS TO
THERAPEUTIC
COMMUNICATION
 Physiological barriers;
 Social barriers;
 Cultural barriers;
 Ethical barriers;
 Psychological barriers
 Language barriers
 Physical barriers
 Systematic barriers
 Attitudinal barriers
 Organizational
barriers
 Gender barrier

7. PHYSIOLOGICAL BARRIERS
• Physiological barriers to
communication are those that
result from the performance
characteristics and limitations
of the human body and the
human mind.E.g. a receiver
with reduced hearing may not
grasp to entirely of a spoken
conversation especially if
there is significant
background noise

8. SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND ETHICAL BARRIERS
• Social barriers to communication include the social psychological
phenomenon of conformity; a process in which the norms, values and
behaviour of an individual begin to follow those of the wider group.
• Cultural barriers to communication, which often arise where
individuals in one social group have developed different norms, values,
or behaviour to individuals associated with another group.
• Ethical barriers to communication; these occur when individuals
working in an organization find it difficult to voice dissent, even though
their organization is acting in ways they consider to be unethical.

9. • Psychological barriers: it
occurs when the receiver is
having some psychological
distress for example: if someone
has personal worries and is
stressed, they may be
preoccupied by personal
concern and not as receptive to
message as if they were not
stressed. Anger is the example
of psychological barrier to
communication because in
anger we misinterpret the
message.
• Physical barriers: an example
of physical barrier to
communication is geographic
distance between the sender and
receiver. Therapeutic
Communication is generally
easier over shorter distance as
more communication channels
are available and less technology
is required. The advantages and
disadvantages of each
communication channel should
be understood so that an
appropriate channel can be used
to overcome the physical barriers

10. • Language barriers: clearly,
language and linguistic ability
may act s barrier to
communication. However even
when communicating in same
language, the terminology used
in a message may act as a barrier
if it is not fully understood by
receiver. For example a message
that include a lot of specialist
jargon and abbreviation will not
be understood by a receiver who
is not familiar with the
terminology used.
• Systematic barrier:
systematic barrier to therapeutic
communication may exist in
structure and organizations
where there are inefficient or
inappropriate information
systems and communication
channels or where there is a lack
of understanding of the roles and
responsibilities for
communication.

11. • Attitudinal barriers:
attitudinal barrier are behaviour
or perceptions that prevent
people from communicating
effectively. Attitudinal barriers to
communication may result from
personality conflicts, poor
management, and resistance to
change or a lack of motivation.
Effective receivers of messages
should attempt to overcome their
own attitudinal barrier to
facilitate effective
communication.
• Organizational barrier:
it occurs because of lack of
planning and lack of
standards.

12. GENDER BARRIER
Women:
• prefer conversation for rapport
building,
• want empathy not solutions,
• are more likely to complaint,
• emphasize politeness and
• more conciliatory
Men
• talks as means to preserve
independence and status by
displaying knowledge and skills ,
• work out on an individualized basis,
• are more directive in conversation,
and are more intimidating
• tends to dominate discussions
during therapeutic communication.

13. OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS :
 Taking the receiver more seriously
 Thinking more clearly about the message
 Delivering messages skilfully
 Focusing on the receiver
 Using multiple channels and encoding
 Securing appropriate feedback.
 Make sure that the person wears their own hearing aid and
that it is clean and in good working order
 Speak clearly and at a speed that the person can cope with

14. CONT………
 Don’t shout, keep background noise to a minimum.
 Use alternative forms of communication.
 Listen actively.
 Check that you and the person have understood each other
by asking questions.
 Use friendly approachable language
 Use friendly non-hostile eye contact.
 Don’t invade a person’s space or try to restrain them
 Give them a firm explanation of why their behaviour is
unacceptable.
 Avoids the use of jargon

15. JOHARI WINDOW

16. INTRODUCTION
• Johari window is a psychological tool created by Joseph
Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955.The term Johari is a
combination of the first name of its creators. It can be
used to help people understand and improve
interpersonal communication and relationships. The
concept of this model helps to improve understanding
between individuals, within a group.

17. IMPORTANCE
 Helps to understand about oneself.
 Personality development.
 Improves communication skills.
 Develops interpersonal relationships.
 Develops intergroup relationship
 Builds trust
 Fosters clear understanding.
 Improves team work

18. QUARDARANTS
1. The open or public self
2. The unknowing self
3. The private self
4. The unknown self

20. The open self: What is known by the person about
him/herself and is also known by others. Contains information about
persons
behaviour,attitude,feelings,emotions,knowledge,experience,skills,views
etc. known by ourselves and others. Every group should aim to increase
open area for efficient productivity.
Example: a nurse has strong feeling about helping alcoholics to achieve
sobriety. She volunteers her time to be a support pardon on call to help
recovering alcoholics. She is aware of her feelings and her desires to help
others. Members of the alcoholics group in which she volunteers her
time are also aware of that nurse’s feelings and they feel comfortable
calling her when they need help refraining from drinking.

21. The unknown self: What is unknown by the person
about him/herself but which others know. This can be
simple information, or can involve deep issues which are
difficult for individuals to face directly, and yet can be
seen by others.
Example: when the nurse takes care of patient in detox,
she does without emotions, tending to the technical
aspects of the task in a way that the client perceive as
cold and judgemental.she is unaware that she comes
across to the clients in this way.

22. The private self: What the person knows about
him/herself that others do not.it is deliberately and
consciously conceals from others.
Example: Susan would prefer not to take care of the
clients in detox because doing so provokes painful
memories from her childhood. Because she does not
want the other staff members to know about these
feelings, however she volunteers to take care of the
detox clients whenever they are assigned to her unit.

23. The unknown self: What is unknown by the person
about him/herself and is also unknown by others. Includes
feelings, attitudes, capabilities, aptitudes or other much deeper
aspects of personality.
Example: Susan feeling very powerlessness growing up with an
alcoholic father. She left her home after graduation. She was
unaware that working with recovering alcoholics helps to fulfill
this need in her. The people she is helping also were unaware
that Susan is satisfying an unfulfilled personal need as she
provides them with assistance.

24. AFTER OPENING UP JOHARI
WINDOW

25. BENEFITS:
Easy to grasp, flexible outcomes.
Catalyzes open sharing of information.
This method will create a shared reference point
DRAWBACKS:
Some things are better not communicated.
Some people may pass on information further than
you desire.
Some cultures don’t have a very open and accepting
approach to feedback.

26. BOOK REFERENCES
 Neerja.K.P. Essentials of Mental Health and Psychiatric
Nursing. 2nd edition. Jaypee publishers. P. 197-210
 Townsend. C. Mary. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing. 7th
edition. Jaypee publishers. P. 141-155
 Straut.W.Gail. Principles and practice of Psychiatric Nursing.
9th ed. Elsevier publishers. P.17-37
 Sreevani.R. A Guide to Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing.
3rd ed. Jaypee publishers. 80- 82
WEBSITE
 www.austincc.edu/richb/thercom.html
 www.facstaff.gpc.edu