The document discusses Faye Glenn Abdellah's 21 Nursing Problems Theory. It describes Abdellah as a pioneering nurse who developed a theory identifying 21 common nursing problems faced by patients. These problems provide a framework for nurses to assess patients, identify issues, plan and evaluate care. The theory emphasizes a holistic and evidence-based approach centered around the health needs of individual patients and their families.

3.  Theory is a creative and rigorous structuring
of ideas that projects a tentative ,purposeful
, and systematic view of phenomena. (Chinn
& Kramer, 2004)

4.  Theory is a set of concepts , definitions, and
propositions that projects a systematic view
of phenomena by designing specific
interrelationships among concepts for
purposes of describing , explaining ,
predicting and, /or controlling phenomena.(
Chinn & Jacob)

5.  Nursing Theory is a conceptualization of
some aspect of reality (invented or
discovered ) That pertains to nursing. The
conceptualization is articulated for the
purpose of describing , explaining, predicting
or prescribing nursing care. (Meleis1997)

6. Faye Glenn Abdellah

7.  Born in New York City on 13th March 1919
 Graduated from Fitkin Memorial Hospital
School of Nursing Neptune , New Jersy in
1942.
 B.S; MA; Ed D from Teachers College ,
Columbia University , New York in 1945-
1955 .

8.  Chief Nurse officer at USPHS in 1970
 Deputy Surgeon General in 1982-1989
 CharterFellow of the American academy of
Nursing
 She had worked as a Staff Nurse, Head
Nurse, and Faculty member at Yale
university

9.  As Public health Nurse and a Researcher at
Columbia University
 Author of more than 146 books

10.  The major component of Abdellah’s typology
is a list of nursing problems , or healthcare
needs of the client.
 She defined a nursing problem as any
condition presented or faced by a client or
family for which a nurse can offer
assistance.

11.  The problem can be an overt (an apparent
condition faced by a client or family ) or
covert (a concealed or hidden condition).
 They also identified 10 steps to identify the
client’s problems

12.  The assumptions Abdellah’s “21 Nursing
Problems Theory” relate to change and
anticipated changes that affect nursing; the
need to appreciate the interconnectedness
of social enterprises and social problems;.

13.  the impact of problems such as poverty,
racism, pollution, education, and so forth on
health and health care delivery; changing
nursing education; continuing education for
professional nurses; and development of
nursing leaders from underserved groups

14.  identifying the problem,
 selecting pertinent data,
 formulating hypotheses,
 testing hypotheses through the collection of
data, and
 revising hypotheses when necessary on the
basis of conclusions obtained from the data.

15.  Better nursing care after evidence-based
researches
 Nursing is patient centered which focuses on
the health needs of the individual
 21 Nursing problems as the guidelines in
nursing care
 To include family of the patient in the nursing
care plan

16.  To maintain good hygiene and physical
comfort
 To promote optimal activity: exercise, rest,
sleep
 To promote safety through prevention of
accident, injury, or other trauma and through
prevention of the spread of infection

17.  To maintain good body mechanics and
prevent and correct deformity
 To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of
oxygen to all body cells
 To facilitate the maintenance of nutrition for
all body cells
 To facilitate the maintenance of elimination

18.  To facilitate the maintenance of fluid and
electrolyte balance
 To recognize the physiologic responses of
the body to disease conditions—pathologic,
physiologic, and compensatory
 To facilitate the maintenance of regulatory
mechanisms and functions

19.  To facilitate the maintenance of sensory
function
 To identify and accept positive and negative
expressions, feelings, and reactions
 To identify and accept interrelatedness of
emotions and organic illness

20.  To facilitate the maintenance of effective verbal
and nonverbal communication
 To promote the development of productive
interpersonal relationships
 To facilitate progress toward achievement and
personal spiritual goals
 To create or maintain a therapeutic environment

21.  To facilitate awareness of self as an
individual with varying physical, emotional,
and developmental needs
 To accept the optimum possible goals in the
light of limitations, physical and emotional

22.  To use community resources as an aid in
resolving problems that arise from illness
 To understand the role of social problems as
influencing factors in the cause of illness

23.  Learn to know the patient.
 Sort out relevant and significant data.
 Make generalizations about available data in
relation to similar nursing problems
presented by other patients.

24.  Identify the therapeutic plan.
 Test generalizations with the patient and
make additional generalizations.
 Validate the patient’s conclusions about his
nursing problems.

25.  Continue to observe and evaluate the patient
over a period of time to identify any attitudes
and clues affecting his or her behavior.
 Explore the patient and his or her family’s
reactions to the therapeutic plan and involve
them in the plan.

26.  Identify how the nurses feel about the
patient’s nursing problems.
 Discuss and develop a comprehensive
nursing care plan.

27.  Quality professional nursing care requires
that nurses be able to identify and solve
overt and covert nursing problems. These
requirements can be met by the problem-
solving process involves

28. ASSESSMENT
NURSING DIAGNOSISEVALUATION
IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING

29.  Mr Ramu, 52 yrs ,experienced severe chest
pain and admitted on Cardiac ICU. In
addition he experienced shortness of
breadth, tachycardia and profuse
diaphoresis. He had gone through similar
episodes since past 2 years.

30.  Acute pain related to severe chest pain as
evidenced by pain scale shows 8 on 1-10 scale.
 Decreased cardiac output related to inadequate
blood pump by heart as evidenced by
alterations in rate and rhythm

31.  Ineffective breathing pattern related to
dyspnea as evidenced by decreased oxygen
supply to the cells
 Impaired gas exchange related to shortness
of breadth as evidenced by spo2-86%

32.  Ineffective tissue perfusion related to
decreased cardiac output as evidenced by
difficulty of breathing
 Activity intolerance related to imbalance
between oxygen demand as evidenced by
dyspnea

33.  Deficient knowledge related to regarding
condition as evidenced by lack of
understanding

34.  Generalizable
 To guide various activities
 Language
 Logical in nature.

35.  Strong nurse-centered orientation
 Lack of emphasis
 Framework seems to focus quite heavily
 Inconsistent with the concept of holism