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Selected Physiological Processes
The document outlines various physiological processes, including breathing, coughing, sneezing, phonation, temperature regulation, and blinking, as explained by Dr. Zinnat Ara Yesmin and presented by Dr. Md. Mohiuddin Masum. It details mechanisms involved in each process, such as the roles of different muscles and nerves in actions like coughing and sneezing. Additionally, the document highlights the importance of temperature regulation and phonation in maintaining bodily functions.
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Selected Physiological Processes
- 1. Selected Physiological Processes Guided by, Dr.Zinnat Ara Yesmin Assistant professor Dept. of Anatomy, BSMMU Presented by, Dr. Md. Mohiuddin Masum
- 2. Objectives At the endof the session audience will be able to: Explain the mechanism of different physiological processes- Breathing Coughing Sneezing Phonation Temperature regulation Blinking
- 3. Breathing The process oftaking air into and expelling it from the lungs (Oxford Dictionary)
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- 6. Breathing Internal intercostal External intercostal Externaloblique Internal oblique Transversusu abdominis Rectus abdominis The Diaphragm Scalene Sternocleidomastoid
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- 11. Breathing Inspiratory muscles contract (diaphragmdescends, rib cage rises) Thoracic cavity volume increases Lung stretched Intrapulmonary pressure decreases Air flows into lungs
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- 14. Breathing Inspiratory muscles relaxes (diaphragmascends, rib cage descends) Thoracic cavity volume decreases Elastic lung recoil passively Intrapulmonary pressure increases Air flows into lungs
- 15. Coughing A rapid expulsionof air from the lungs, typically in order to clear the lung airways of fluids, mucus, or other material. (MedicineNet.com)
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- 19. Coughing Receptor • At pharynx,trachea (carina), bronchi and bronchiole Afferent nerve • Vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve Cough center • Medulla (nucleus tractus solitaries) Efferent nerve • Vagus, phrenic and spinal motor nerves Effector muscle • Glottis and respiratory muscles
- 20. Coughing About 2.5 litersair is inspired Epiglottis closes, vocal cords shuts tightly to entrap the air within the lungs Abdominal and intercostal muscles contract forcefully Air comes out from lungs with high velocity
- 21. Sneezing Expulsion of airand nasal secretions from the nose involuntarily, as the result of irritation of the nasal mucous membrane (Collins Dictionary)
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- 24. Sneezing Receptor • Nasal mucosa,olfactory receptor Afferent nerve • Trigeminal and olfactory nerve Cough center • Medulla Efferent nerve • Vagus, phrenic and spinal motor nerve Effector muscle • Pharyngeal and respiratory muscles
- 25. Sneezing Deep inspiration Uvula andsoft palate depress to partially close the mouth Abdominal and intercostal muscles contract forcefully Expulsion of irritants both from nose and mouth
- 26. Coughing vs. Sneezing CoughingSneezing Receptor Irritation of the trachea, bronchi Irritation of nasal mucosa Afferent nerve Vagus and glossopharyngeal nerve Trigeminal nerve Mechanism involved Both reflex and voluntary Only reflex
- 27. Phonation The process ofproducing vocal sounds and especially speech (Merriam-Webster Dictionary)
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- 30. Phonation Expiration Vibration ResonationArticulation
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- 36. Phonation Nasal cavity Oral cavity Upperlarynx Pharynx
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- 38. Phonation কন্ঠ ধ্বনি বানিহ্বা মূলীয় ক খ গ ঘ ঙ তালবয ধ্বনি চ ছ ি ঝ ঞ য য় শ মূর্ধিয ধ্বনি ট ঠ ড ঢ ণ র ড় ঢ় ষ দন্ত ধ্বনি ত থ দ অ ি ল স ওষ্ঠ ধ্বনি প ফ ব ভ ম
- 39. Temperature Regulation Temperature regulationis the process that allows the human body to maintain its core internal temperature (healthline.com)
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- 41. Temperature Regulation Why? To providethe optimum conditions for enzyme- catalysed reactions to be carried out
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- 45. Blinking Involuntary rapid closingof eyes followed by rapid opening
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- 47. Blinking Blinking center inglobus pallidus of lentiform nucleus of basal ganglia Impulse via facial nerve and oculomotor nerve Orbicularis oculi and levator pal Opening and closing of eyelids
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- 49. 4 6 2 1 7 3 5 G N Z E E N S I H G U O C N I NHTAERB P HY S I O L O G I C A R O C E S S E S L P H N A T I O N T M P A R A T U R E R G U L A T I O N
Editor's Notes
- #5 Stig Severinsen Denish free diver, 22 minute breath hold
- #17 90 db, normal conversation 60db
- #23 39 mile/ hour, 19 feet
- #29 Kenny Mohammad
- #41 Wim Hof (born 20 April 1959) is a Dutch, commonly nicknamed "The Iceman“. The Guinness World Record is now set for 1 hour and 52 minutes and 42 seconds by Hof. 2011