Air Stream Mechanism
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•1,113 views
This document discusses the different air stream mechanisms used in speech production. It describes the pulmonic, glottalic, and velaric air stream mechanisms, which differ based on whether airflow is initiated by the lungs, glottis, or back of the tongue. It also provides information on places and manners of articulation for English consonants and vowels.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Airstream mechanism Phonetics and Phonology
The document discusses different aspects of airstream mechanisms in speech production. It describes three main types of airstream mechanisms: pulmonic, glottalic, and lingual/velaric initiation. Pulmonic initiation uses the lungs to push air out (egressive) or pull air in (ingressive). Most sounds are egressive pulmonic. Glottalic initiation uses the glottis to eject (egressive) or implode (ingressive) air. Lingual initiation uses the tongue and velum to create clicks by pulling air in. It provides examples of sounds that use each mechanism and discusses their place and manner of articulation.
Phonetic and Phonology
1/The word “ Phone” means sound and “tics” means scientific or systematic study of something. So we can say that Phonetics means scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds.
Phonetics is general study of all human speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted and received.
2/Phonology is the study of the sound system of particulars human languages, include dialects and other language varieties.
Classification and description of consonants.ppt
This document provides a classification and description of consonants in English. It begins by defining consonants as sounds produced with an egressive air flow accompanied by obstruction or friction in the articulators. It then lists and describes the 24 consonant sounds in English. Consonants can be classified based on their air stream mechanism, glottal state, position of the soft palate, point of articulation, and manner of articulation. Each English consonant is then individually described based on these phonetic characteristics.
Phonemes and allophones
This presentation introduces the reader to the theory behind phonemes and allophones with simple examples and a clear language.
Phonetics - Manner of Articulation
The document discusses the different manners of articulation in phonetics and phonology. It describes stops, fricatives, affricates, approximants, and liquids. Stops are consonants produced by completely stopping airflow in the oral cavity. Fricatives are produced with a narrowing but not complete closure of the articulators, creating friction. Affricates begin as stops and end as fricatives. Approximants like liquids and glides involve close approximation but not complete closure of the articulators. The document provides examples and details on place and manner of articulation for each class of sounds.
Vowels
This presentation will help the learners to learn in detail about the vowel sounds of English language
Syllables & Syllable structure
Syllables have three possible parts - an onset, nucleus, and coda. The onset is a consonant or consonant cluster at the start of a syllable. The nucleus forms the core and is usually a vowel or vowel combination. The coda is a consonant or consonant cluster at the end. In the word "cat", [c] is the onset, [a] is the nucleus, and [t] is the coda. The nucleus and any coda together form the rhyme of a syllable. Even in English, consonants like [á1ƒ] can be syllable nuclei.
Speech organ and manner of articulation
This document discusses speech organs and the three dimensions of articulation. It defines speech organs as the parts of the body involved in sound production, including passive organs like the lips and alveolar ridge, as well as active organs like the tongue. It then explains the three dimensions of articulation - voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation. Voicing refers to whether vocal cords vibrate during sound production. Place of articulation is where in the mouth a sound is made. Manner of articulation describes how the air stream is modified, such as stops, fricatives, nasals, etc.
Recommended
Airstream mechanism Phonetics and Phonology
The document discusses different aspects of airstream mechanisms in speech production. It describes three main types of airstream mechanisms: pulmonic, glottalic, and lingual/velaric initiation. Pulmonic initiation uses the lungs to push air out (egressive) or pull air in (ingressive). Most sounds are egressive pulmonic. Glottalic initiation uses the glottis to eject (egressive) or implode (ingressive) air. Lingual initiation uses the tongue and velum to create clicks by pulling air in. It provides examples of sounds that use each mechanism and discusses their place and manner of articulation.
Phonetic and Phonology
1/The word “ Phone” means sound and “tics” means scientific or systematic study of something. So we can say that Phonetics means scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds.
Phonetics is general study of all human speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted and received.
2/Phonology is the study of the sound system of particulars human languages, include dialects and other language varieties.
Classification and description of consonants.ppt
This document provides a classification and description of consonants in English. It begins by defining consonants as sounds produced with an egressive air flow accompanied by obstruction or friction in the articulators. It then lists and describes the 24 consonant sounds in English. Consonants can be classified based on their air stream mechanism, glottal state, position of the soft palate, point of articulation, and manner of articulation. Each English consonant is then individually described based on these phonetic characteristics.
Phonemes and allophones
This presentation introduces the reader to the theory behind phonemes and allophones with simple examples and a clear language.
Phonetics - Manner of Articulation
The document discusses the different manners of articulation in phonetics and phonology. It describes stops, fricatives, affricates, approximants, and liquids. Stops are consonants produced by completely stopping airflow in the oral cavity. Fricatives are produced with a narrowing but not complete closure of the articulators, creating friction. Affricates begin as stops and end as fricatives. Approximants like liquids and glides involve close approximation but not complete closure of the articulators. The document provides examples and details on place and manner of articulation for each class of sounds.
Vowels
This presentation will help the learners to learn in detail about the vowel sounds of English language
Syllables & Syllable structure
Syllables have three possible parts - an onset, nucleus, and coda. The onset is a consonant or consonant cluster at the start of a syllable. The nucleus forms the core and is usually a vowel or vowel combination. The coda is a consonant or consonant cluster at the end. In the word "cat", [c] is the onset, [a] is the nucleus, and [t] is the coda. The nucleus and any coda together form the rhyme of a syllable. Even in English, consonants like [á1ƒ] can be syllable nuclei.
Speech organ and manner of articulation
This document discusses speech organs and the three dimensions of articulation. It defines speech organs as the parts of the body involved in sound production, including passive organs like the lips and alveolar ridge, as well as active organs like the tongue. It then explains the three dimensions of articulation - voicing, place of articulation, and manner of articulation. Voicing refers to whether vocal cords vibrate during sound production. Place of articulation is where in the mouth a sound is made. Manner of articulation describes how the air stream is modified, such as stops, fricatives, nasals, etc.
Place of articulation
This document discusses the seven types of sounds in phonetic and phonology: bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatals, velars, and glottal. It provides examples of sounds that fall into each category, and whether they are voiced or voiceless. Bilabial sounds involve the lips articulating, labiodental the lips and teeth, dental the tongue and teeth, alveolar the tongue and alveolar ridge, palatals the tongue and palate, velars the back of the tongue and velum, and glottal involve the glottis without mouth manipulation.
Manner of Articulation - Phonology
The document discusses different types of speech sounds:
1. Voiced sounds involve vibration of the vocal cords, while voiceless sounds involve little vibration of the vocal cords. The difference can be felt by placing fingers on the mouth or ears.
2. Speech sounds are classified based on their manner of articulation, including stops/plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, laterals, vibrants, and semi-vowels. Each category is defined by how the air flow is obstructed in the mouth.
3. Examples are given for common consonant sounds in English to demonstrate each manner of articulation, such as [p] and [b] for stops, [s] and [
Place of articulation
Created By:
RichyNet
Menghargai Karya orang lain adalah hal yang mudah
Tapi Tak sedikit orang yang tak sadar akan hal itu :)
Allophone and phoneme. persentation
Phonemes are the basic sound units of a language. Each phoneme comprises a set of allophones, which are the phonetic variants of that phoneme. Allophones are predictable realizations of a phoneme that depend on the linguistic environment, whereas phonemes are non-predictable and significant for meaning. Different languages can organize the same sounds differently - for example, English has aspirated and unaspirated /p/ phonemes, while Mandarin treats these as different phonemes. The distribution and organization of phonemes versus their allophonic variants distinguishes languages.
ppt on phonology
This document provides an introduction to phonology, which is the study of sound systems in languages. It discusses key concepts like phonemes, allophones, and phonetic elements. The document outlines categories of phonology like vowels and consonants. It describes features of speech like stress, intonation, and rhythm. The document also discusses the importance of phonology for language learning, noting how sounds are linked and how pronunciation impacts spelling. It provides examples of classroom activities to teach pronunciation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of teachers having strong phonological knowledge to teach students.
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF VOWELS
This document discusses the classification of English vowels according to four criteria: tongue position, mouth openness, lip shape, and length. It outlines the categories of front, central, and back vowels based on where the highest point of the tongue is placed in the mouth. Vowels are also classified as close, semi-close, semi-open, and open based on the openness of the mouth. Vowels can be rounded or unrounded depending on lip shape. Finally, vowels are either long or short based on length. The document also provides examples of assimilation rules where the final consonant sound of one word changes when followed by another word based on place or manner of articulation.
Allophone presentation
This document discusses phonology and the relationship between phonemes and allophones. It defines phonemes as the smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning, while allophones are predictable variants of phonemes that are conditioned by their context. Phonemes group sets of similar-sounding allophones. For example, [p] and [ph] in English are allophones of the same /p/ phoneme because they occur in complementary distribution and can be substituted without changing a word's meaning. Allophones are phonetic realizations of phonemes that follow language-specific rules.
Manner of articulation
This document discusses the different manners of articulation in speech sounds. It describes 7 main manners: stops/plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, flaps/trills, laterals, and frictionless continuants/semi-vowels. Stops involve a complete closure of air passage, fricatives a partial closure with friction, and affricates combine a stop and fricative. Nasals allow air through the nose, flaps/trills involve tapping the tongue, and laterals release air from the sides of the tongue. Frictionless continuants like W and Y are similar to vowels. Examples are provided for each manner in English phonology.
Morphology and Phonology
This document discusses morphology and phonology and their importance in language instruction. It defines morphology as the study of how morphemes combine to form words. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language. Teaching morphemes can help students learn more vocabulary. Phonology is defined as the study of speech sound patterns. Understanding phonology allows students to distinguish sounds in their native language from foreign sounds and to learn pronunciation rules. The document argues that learning morphology and phonology can improve students' written and verbal communication skills.
1. speech organs and their role
The speech organs can be divided into three main systems - respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory. The respiratory system includes the lungs and trachea and provides the air source for speech. The phonatory system includes the larynx and vocal folds, which can vibrate to produce voiced sounds. The articulators in the articulatory system, including the lips, tongue, jaw, and palate, can be moved in different positions and shapes to produce distinct speech sounds by modifying the air stream from the lungs. Each speech organ plays an important role in the production of speech.
Chapter # 6- Sound patterns of language
This document discusses key concepts in phonology:
- Phonology is the scientific study of the sound system and patterns of a language. It examines phonemes, phones, allophones, minimal pairs, phonotactics, syllables, clusters, co-articulation, assimilation, and elision.
- Phonemes are the minimal meaningful units of sound that distinguish one word from another. Phones are phonetic units that can vary allophonically. Phonotactics govern permissible sound combinations.
- Other concepts covered include minimal pairs, which differ in one phoneme; minimal sets, which vary a single phoneme; assimilation, where sounds influence each other; and elision, the non-pronunciation
Phonetics 2
The document discusses three airstream mechanisms - pulmonic, glottalic, and velaric - that refer to how air is moved in speech production. Pulmonic involves lung air, glottalic involves pharynx/mouth air moved by the glottis, and velaric involves mouth air moved by the tongue. It also discusses four states of the glottis - voiceless, voiced, breathy, and creaky - which impact phonation and voicing. Sounds can be produced with pulmonic egressive (outward airflow), pulmonic ingressive (inward), glottalic egressive, glottalic ingressive, or velaric ingressive airstreams.
Phonetics features of plosive
Plosives are consonant sounds produced by stopping airflow in the vocal tract. The basic English plosives are voiceless t, k, p and voiced d, g, b. Plosives are articulated by closing the lips, alveolar ridge, or velar region. Plosives go through three stages - closing, compression with built up air pressure, and abrupt release. English plosives are distinguished by place of articulation (bilabial, lingua-alveolar, lingua-velar), voicing (voiced or voiceless), aspiration of initial sounds, and degree of muscular force in production.
Airstream Mechanism Phonetics And Phonology
The document discusses different types of airstream mechanisms in speech production. It describes the three main types as pulmonic, glottalic, and velaric initiation. Pulmonic initiation uses the lungs to push air out (egressive) or pull air in (ingressive). Most sounds are egressive pulmonic. Glottalic initiation uses the vocal cords to eject air (ejectives) or pull air in (implosives). Velaric initiation uses tongue movement to create clicks by pulling air in. The document provides examples of consonants produced by each airstream mechanism and discusses their voiced or voiceless nature.
Phonology Introduction
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It has four branches: segmental phonology which analyzes speech into discrete segments like phonemes; suprasegmental phonology which analyzes features over multiple segments like intonation and stress; diachronic phonology which studies sound patterns through a language's history; and synchronic phonology which studies sound patterns regardless of historical change. Phonology also examines phones which are minimal speech units, phonemes which are distinctive minimal units, and allophones which are variants of phonemes that occur in different phonetic environments. A syllable contains a sonority peak like a vowel with optional onset and coda consonants. Syllable structure and distinctive features are also
I C ANALYSIS
This document provides information about Immediate Constituent (IC) analysis, including:
- IC analysis breaks down sentences into constituent groups of words.
- Constituents are joined by horizontal lines to show their relationship.
- The analysis continues breaking down constituents until reaching individual morphemes.
- Examples demonstrate analyzing sentences with vertical lines and brackets.
- Limitations include not indicating grammatical functions, which labeling systems address.
Phonology
This document discusses the key differences between phonetics and phonology. Phonetics deals with the physical properties of speech sounds, while phonology examines how sounds are organized into systems within languages. It defines phonology as the description of sound patterns in a language, focusing on abstract mental representations rather than physical sounds. The document introduces important phonological concepts like phonemes, allophones, minimal pairs, phonotactics, syllables, and co-articulation effects like assimilation and elision.
The Sounds of Language by George Yule
1) Phonetics is the study of speech sounds, including how they are articulated, their acoustic properties, and how they are perceived.
2) Speech sounds are produced using the vocal tract, which involves the lungs, larynx, tongue, lips and other articulators.
3) Places and manners of articulation describe where and how speech sounds are produced, such as bilabial stops like [p] made with both lips.
4) Other speech sounds include nasals, fricatives, affricates, approximants, vowels and diphthongs formed by two vowel sounds in the same syllable.
Phonetics and phonology
This document provides information about phonetics and phonology. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds and their production, combination, and description, while phonology is concerned with how patterns of speech sounds create meaning. It discusses the branches of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. It also explains that phonetics studies the physical properties of sounds, while phonology studies abstract sound patterns and systems. The document provides the definition of key terms like phoneme and includes examples of a phonemic chart and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) chart.
Phonology
Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in languages. It examines an inventory of sounds and rules for how they interact, and analyzes sound patterns to determine which sounds are significant for a language. Phonetics studies speech sound production, while phonology analyzes sound patterns and interpretations in a particular language. A phoneme is the smallest meaningful sound unit that distinguishes word meanings. Generative phonology assigns phonetic representations to utterances based on a speaker's internal grammar. Non-linear models like autosegmental and metrical phonology treat representations as multi-dimensional. Lexical phonology accounts for interactions of morphology and phonology in word formation through ordered levels.
Classification & Description of Consonant Sounds.pptx
This document describes the classification and description of consonant sounds. It discusses the air-stream mechanism, state of the glottis, position of the soft palate, place of articulation (active/passive articulators), and manner of articulation (plosives, affricates, nasals, fricatives, continuants, laterals, trills) used to describe consonant sounds. It also provides examples of three-term descriptions for various consonant sounds using their state of the glottis, place of articulation, and manner of articulation.
Class 07 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_source_filter_vowels_velum_articulation
This is the seventh class in a semester-long Phonetics course for students in Communication Disorders
More Related Content
What's hot
Place of articulation
This document discusses the seven types of sounds in phonetic and phonology: bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatals, velars, and glottal. It provides examples of sounds that fall into each category, and whether they are voiced or voiceless. Bilabial sounds involve the lips articulating, labiodental the lips and teeth, dental the tongue and teeth, alveolar the tongue and alveolar ridge, palatals the tongue and palate, velars the back of the tongue and velum, and glottal involve the glottis without mouth manipulation.
Manner of Articulation - Phonology
The document discusses different types of speech sounds:
1. Voiced sounds involve vibration of the vocal cords, while voiceless sounds involve little vibration of the vocal cords. The difference can be felt by placing fingers on the mouth or ears.
2. Speech sounds are classified based on their manner of articulation, including stops/plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, laterals, vibrants, and semi-vowels. Each category is defined by how the air flow is obstructed in the mouth.
3. Examples are given for common consonant sounds in English to demonstrate each manner of articulation, such as [p] and [b] for stops, [s] and [
Place of articulation
Created By:
RichyNet
Menghargai Karya orang lain adalah hal yang mudah
Tapi Tak sedikit orang yang tak sadar akan hal itu :)
Allophone and phoneme. persentation
Phonemes are the basic sound units of a language. Each phoneme comprises a set of allophones, which are the phonetic variants of that phoneme. Allophones are predictable realizations of a phoneme that depend on the linguistic environment, whereas phonemes are non-predictable and significant for meaning. Different languages can organize the same sounds differently - for example, English has aspirated and unaspirated /p/ phonemes, while Mandarin treats these as different phonemes. The distribution and organization of phonemes versus their allophonic variants distinguishes languages.
ppt on phonology
This document provides an introduction to phonology, which is the study of sound systems in languages. It discusses key concepts like phonemes, allophones, and phonetic elements. The document outlines categories of phonology like vowels and consonants. It describes features of speech like stress, intonation, and rhythm. The document also discusses the importance of phonology for language learning, noting how sounds are linked and how pronunciation impacts spelling. It provides examples of classroom activities to teach pronunciation. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of teachers having strong phonological knowledge to teach students.
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF VOWELS
This document discusses the classification of English vowels according to four criteria: tongue position, mouth openness, lip shape, and length. It outlines the categories of front, central, and back vowels based on where the highest point of the tongue is placed in the mouth. Vowels are also classified as close, semi-close, semi-open, and open based on the openness of the mouth. Vowels can be rounded or unrounded depending on lip shape. Finally, vowels are either long or short based on length. The document also provides examples of assimilation rules where the final consonant sound of one word changes when followed by another word based on place or manner of articulation.
Allophone presentation
This document discusses phonology and the relationship between phonemes and allophones. It defines phonemes as the smallest units of sound that distinguish meaning, while allophones are predictable variants of phonemes that are conditioned by their context. Phonemes group sets of similar-sounding allophones. For example, [p] and [ph] in English are allophones of the same /p/ phoneme because they occur in complementary distribution and can be substituted without changing a word's meaning. Allophones are phonetic realizations of phonemes that follow language-specific rules.
Manner of articulation
This document discusses the different manners of articulation in speech sounds. It describes 7 main manners: stops/plosives, fricatives, affricates, nasals, flaps/trills, laterals, and frictionless continuants/semi-vowels. Stops involve a complete closure of air passage, fricatives a partial closure with friction, and affricates combine a stop and fricative. Nasals allow air through the nose, flaps/trills involve tapping the tongue, and laterals release air from the sides of the tongue. Frictionless continuants like W and Y are similar to vowels. Examples are provided for each manner in English phonology.
Morphology and Phonology
This document discusses morphology and phonology and their importance in language instruction. It defines morphology as the study of how morphemes combine to form words. Morphemes are the smallest meaningful units of language. Teaching morphemes can help students learn more vocabulary. Phonology is defined as the study of speech sound patterns. Understanding phonology allows students to distinguish sounds in their native language from foreign sounds and to learn pronunciation rules. The document argues that learning morphology and phonology can improve students' written and verbal communication skills.
1. speech organs and their role
The speech organs can be divided into three main systems - respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory. The respiratory system includes the lungs and trachea and provides the air source for speech. The phonatory system includes the larynx and vocal folds, which can vibrate to produce voiced sounds. The articulators in the articulatory system, including the lips, tongue, jaw, and palate, can be moved in different positions and shapes to produce distinct speech sounds by modifying the air stream from the lungs. Each speech organ plays an important role in the production of speech.
Chapter # 6- Sound patterns of language
This document discusses key concepts in phonology:
- Phonology is the scientific study of the sound system and patterns of a language. It examines phonemes, phones, allophones, minimal pairs, phonotactics, syllables, clusters, co-articulation, assimilation, and elision.
- Phonemes are the minimal meaningful units of sound that distinguish one word from another. Phones are phonetic units that can vary allophonically. Phonotactics govern permissible sound combinations.
- Other concepts covered include minimal pairs, which differ in one phoneme; minimal sets, which vary a single phoneme; assimilation, where sounds influence each other; and elision, the non-pronunciation
Phonetics 2
The document discusses three airstream mechanisms - pulmonic, glottalic, and velaric - that refer to how air is moved in speech production. Pulmonic involves lung air, glottalic involves pharynx/mouth air moved by the glottis, and velaric involves mouth air moved by the tongue. It also discusses four states of the glottis - voiceless, voiced, breathy, and creaky - which impact phonation and voicing. Sounds can be produced with pulmonic egressive (outward airflow), pulmonic ingressive (inward), glottalic egressive, glottalic ingressive, or velaric ingressive airstreams.
Phonetics features of plosive
Plosives are consonant sounds produced by stopping airflow in the vocal tract. The basic English plosives are voiceless t, k, p and voiced d, g, b. Plosives are articulated by closing the lips, alveolar ridge, or velar region. Plosives go through three stages - closing, compression with built up air pressure, and abrupt release. English plosives are distinguished by place of articulation (bilabial, lingua-alveolar, lingua-velar), voicing (voiced or voiceless), aspiration of initial sounds, and degree of muscular force in production.
Airstream Mechanism Phonetics And Phonology
The document discusses different types of airstream mechanisms in speech production. It describes the three main types as pulmonic, glottalic, and velaric initiation. Pulmonic initiation uses the lungs to push air out (egressive) or pull air in (ingressive). Most sounds are egressive pulmonic. Glottalic initiation uses the vocal cords to eject air (ejectives) or pull air in (implosives). Velaric initiation uses tongue movement to create clicks by pulling air in. The document provides examples of consonants produced by each airstream mechanism and discusses their voiced or voiceless nature.
Phonology Introduction
Phonology is the study of sound systems in languages. It has four branches: segmental phonology which analyzes speech into discrete segments like phonemes; suprasegmental phonology which analyzes features over multiple segments like intonation and stress; diachronic phonology which studies sound patterns through a language's history; and synchronic phonology which studies sound patterns regardless of historical change. Phonology also examines phones which are minimal speech units, phonemes which are distinctive minimal units, and allophones which are variants of phonemes that occur in different phonetic environments. A syllable contains a sonority peak like a vowel with optional onset and coda consonants. Syllable structure and distinctive features are also
I C ANALYSIS
This document provides information about Immediate Constituent (IC) analysis, including:
- IC analysis breaks down sentences into constituent groups of words.
- Constituents are joined by horizontal lines to show their relationship.
- The analysis continues breaking down constituents until reaching individual morphemes.
- Examples demonstrate analyzing sentences with vertical lines and brackets.
- Limitations include not indicating grammatical functions, which labeling systems address.
Phonology
This document discusses the key differences between phonetics and phonology. Phonetics deals with the physical properties of speech sounds, while phonology examines how sounds are organized into systems within languages. It defines phonology as the description of sound patterns in a language, focusing on abstract mental representations rather than physical sounds. The document introduces important phonological concepts like phonemes, allophones, minimal pairs, phonotactics, syllables, and co-articulation effects like assimilation and elision.
The Sounds of Language by George Yule
1) Phonetics is the study of speech sounds, including how they are articulated, their acoustic properties, and how they are perceived.
2) Speech sounds are produced using the vocal tract, which involves the lungs, larynx, tongue, lips and other articulators.
3) Places and manners of articulation describe where and how speech sounds are produced, such as bilabial stops like [p] made with both lips.
4) Other speech sounds include nasals, fricatives, affricates, approximants, vowels and diphthongs formed by two vowel sounds in the same syllable.
Phonetics and phonology
This document provides information about phonetics and phonology. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds and their production, combination, and description, while phonology is concerned with how patterns of speech sounds create meaning. It discusses the branches of phonetics including articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics. It also explains that phonetics studies the physical properties of sounds, while phonology studies abstract sound patterns and systems. The document provides the definition of key terms like phoneme and includes examples of a phonemic chart and International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) chart.
Phonology
Phonology is the study of how sounds are organized and used in languages. It examines an inventory of sounds and rules for how they interact, and analyzes sound patterns to determine which sounds are significant for a language. Phonetics studies speech sound production, while phonology analyzes sound patterns and interpretations in a particular language. A phoneme is the smallest meaningful sound unit that distinguishes word meanings. Generative phonology assigns phonetic representations to utterances based on a speaker's internal grammar. Non-linear models like autosegmental and metrical phonology treat representations as multi-dimensional. Lexical phonology accounts for interactions of morphology and phonology in word formation through ordered levels.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Air Stream Mechanism
Classification & Description of Consonant Sounds.pptx
This document describes the classification and description of consonant sounds. It discusses the air-stream mechanism, state of the glottis, position of the soft palate, place of articulation (active/passive articulators), and manner of articulation (plosives, affricates, nasals, fricatives, continuants, laterals, trills) used to describe consonant sounds. It also provides examples of three-term descriptions for various consonant sounds using their state of the glottis, place of articulation, and manner of articulation.
Class 07 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_source_filter_vowels_velum_articulation
This is the seventh class in a semester-long Phonetics course for students in Communication Disorders
LING 100 - Practice with Articulatory Phonetics (Post-Class Slides)
LING 100 - Practice with Articulatory Phonetics (Post-Class Slides) - Slides with answers for exercises on in-class slides. For students to download after tutorial, for study purposes.
Anesthesia 5th year, 1st lecture (Dr. Gona)
This document discusses basic airway management. It defines the airway and describes the anatomy involved including the larynx, trachea and bronchi. Common causes of airway obstruction are outlined for the upper airway, larynx and lower airway. Manual maneuvers like head tilt and jaw thrust are described to relieve mild obstruction. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways are discussed as adjuncts to maintain a patent airway, with details on proper insertion techniques and patient considerations for each.
Mouth and esophagus ( anatomy , physiology)
The digestive system breaks down food into molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. It has two main divisions - the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Accessory organs include the teeth, tongue, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The mouth begins breaking down food using teeth and saliva. Chewed food then passes through the pharynx and esophagus to the stomach using peristalsis.
Phonetics - Articulation of Speech Sounds
This document discusses the human speech mechanism and the articulation of speech sounds. It describes the three main systems involved in speech production: 1) the respiratory system including the lungs and windpipe, 2) the articulatory system including the lips, teeth, tongue, palate and parts of the mouth, and 3) the phonatory system including the larynx, vocal cords and glottis. It explains how voiceless sounds are produced when air passes freely through the open glottis without affecting the vocal cords, while voiced sounds involve vibration of the vocal cords as air passes through the glottis. Pitch and intonation are also briefly discussed in relation to the rate of vibration of the vocal cords.
TREATMENT OF RESONANCE DISORDERS: OPTIONS FOR THE NONMEDICAL SPEECH PATHOLOGIST
This document discusses treatment options for resonance disorders, focusing on velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). It begins with an overview of anatomy related to resonance and clefting. Compensatory misarticulations that can occur with VPD are described. Treatment options include speech therapy for mild cases where the velopharyngeal port is almost but not quite closed, while surgery is recommended for more severe cases with a large gap. Surgical techniques like posterior pharyngeal flap and dynamic sphincter pharyngoplasty are outlined. Factors in determining the appropriate treatment are described.
Airway
This document provides an overview of airway management techniques. It reviews respiratory system anatomy, techniques for opening the airway such as head tilt-chin lift and jaw thrust. It describes suctioning techniques using rigid and soft catheters. Artificial ventilation methods like bag valve mask and bag to stoma are explained. Finally, it discusses airway adjuncts like oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal airways and oxygen delivery devices including non-rebreather masks and nasal cannulas.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Diagnosis, Criteria, Management
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder where the airway collapses or becomes blocked during sleep, disrupting breathing. Polysomnography is the gold standard test used to diagnose OSA by measuring breathing, oxygen levels, and brain waves during sleep. The main treatment is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, which uses mild air pressure to keep the airway open during sleep. Weight loss, avoiding alcohol, and sleeping on one's side can also help reduce OSA symptoms.
Nasal airway and malocclucion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
Nasal airway and malocclucion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Barium swallow ppt
This document describes a barium swallow procedure used to examine the esophagus and detect esophageal diseases. It discusses the anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus, the contrast agent used, and provides details on the different phases of swallowing. It outlines the technique for performing a barium swallow study, including evaluation of the pharynx and esophagus. Key findings on radiographic images are described. The document emphasizes analyzing swallowing studies by looking for asymmetry, stasis, cricopharyngeal dysfunction, and aspiration.
Head_and_Neck_Examinationa in ENT for clinical rotation
A very helpful resource to catch up with ENT clinical examination
Covering all aspects including ear nose and throat examination
Phonetics - Part 1
UGC Sponsored Online Course on ACADEMIC WRITING
The document provides an overview of the key topics covered in the UGC sponsored online course on academic writing, including phonetics, organs of speech, consonants, vowels, and diphthongs. It describes the production of speech sounds using the air-stream mechanism and the three systems involved - respiratory, phonatory, and articulatory. Feedback on the course praises its organization and explanation of content to help strengthen writing skills.
Phonetics 1.pptx
The document discusses the physiology of speech and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It covers the eight places of articulation in the vocal tract where consonant sounds are made, including bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal. It also describes the different manners of articulation for consonant sounds, such as nasal, stop, fricative, affricate, lateral, and approximant. Finally, it discusses vowels sounds, including monophthongs like /i/ and /æ/ and diphthongs that begin with one vowel and move to another like /aʊ/.
Classification and Description of Vowels.pptx
This document discusses the classification and description of vowel sounds. It defines vowels as speech sounds produced without friction in the oral passage, allowing air from the lungs to escape freely and continuously through the mouth. Vowels are classified based on 3 criteria: the part of the tongue used (front, back, central), the height to which the tongue is raised (close, half-close, half-open, open), and the position of the lips (rounded, unrounded).
Similar to Air Stream Mechanism (15)
Classification & Description of Consonant Sounds.pptx
Classification & Description of Consonant Sounds.pptx
Class 07 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_source_filter_vowels_velum_articulation
Class 07 emerson_phonetics_fall2014_source_filter_vowels_velum_articulation
LING 100 - Practice with Articulatory Phonetics (Post-Class Slides)
LING 100 - Practice with Articulatory Phonetics (Post-Class Slides)
TREATMENT OF RESONANCE DISORDERS: OPTIONS FOR THE NONMEDICAL SPEECH PATHOLOGIST
TREATMENT OF RESONANCE DISORDERS: OPTIONS FOR THE NONMEDICAL SPEECH PATHOLOGIST
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Diagnosis, Criteria, Management
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Diagnosis, Criteria, Management
Nasal airway and malocclucion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
Nasal airway and malocclucion /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian ...
Head_and_Neck_Examinationa in ENT for clinical rotation
Head_and_Neck_Examinationa in ENT for clinical rotation
More from Ajantha ParthaSarathi
Preposition
This document discusses prepositions and their uses. Prepositions indicate relationships between words in a sentence and show the relationship between nouns or between a noun and a verb. Some common types of prepositions are those indicating direction, time, location, and spatial relationships. The document lists simple prepositions like about, above, across and compound/phrase prepositions like according to, apart from. It provides examples of the uses of some common prepositions like at, in, on for time and place. Beside and besides and among and between are also distinguished.
English Language Teaching - An Introduction
The document discusses English language teaching and methods. It outlines that English language teaching involves teaching English to those whose first language is not English, and encourages innovative approaches and methods. It then discusses language in general, noting that language is a means of communication and expression that varies across the world. The document also outlines various aims, principles, types of teaching methods, and specific methods for language teaching.
Word Accent.pptx
Word accent refers to placing extra emphasis on a particular syllable in a word. The prominent syllable is called the strong or accented syllable, while other syllables are weak or unaccented. There are several rules that determine which syllable receives the accent in words with multiple syllables. For disyllabic words, the accent is usually on the first syllable if it functions as a noun/adjective and the second syllable if it functions as a verb. Affixes like -ness and -ment generally do not shift the accent to a different syllable. Exceptions include words ending in -ic, -ical, -ious, which are accented on the syllable before the suffix. Compound words usually have the accent on the first
Strong and Weak forms of Syllables.pptx
The document discusses strong and weak syllables in English. It notes that weak syllables have shorter, lower intensity vowels compared to strong syllables. Function words like prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and articles typically have weak syllables. The schwa vowel /ə/ is always associated with weak syllables. It provides tables listing the strong and weak forms of determiners, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and auxiliaries. Rules for using strong versus weak forms are outlined, such as using strong forms at the end of sentences or for emphasis.
Consonant Clusters
This document discusses consonant clusters in English. It defines consonant clusters as sequences of two or more consonants occurring within a syllable with no vowels between them. Consonant clusters can appear initially, medially, or finally within words. The document provides numerous examples of initial, medial, and final consonant clusters containing 2, 3, or 4 consonants in English words.
Syllable.pptx
The document discusses different types of syllables including closed syllables that end in a consonant, open syllables that end in a vowel, silent-e syllables that end in a vowel followed by a consonant, and others like vowel combination syllables and vowel-r syllables. It also examines syllable structure including onsets with single or clustered consonants at the start of syllables and codas with single or clustered consonants at the end. Different types of consonant clusters in onsets and codas are described in detail.
English Language in India an introduction
This document discusses the history and development of the English language in India over several periods from 1765 to the present. It covers the introduction and growth of English language education through various types of schools under different ruling bodies. It also addresses debates around using English or other local languages as the medium of instruction and the connected issues of bilingualism and trilingualism. Finally, it outlines some key characteristics of the English language and the aims of teaching English in India.
Learner Centered Teaching
The document discusses the learner-centered approach to teaching. It emphasizes that the learner has responsibility for their own learning, and the teacher acts as a facilitator. Key aspects include students having choice in what and how they study, a focus on individual needs and learning styles, and students constructing knowledge through gathering information and developing skills like critical thinking. The approach encourages student participation, collaboration through peer groups and teamwork, and reflection on their own learning. While it provides benefits like developing communication skills, some disadvantages are that classrooms may be noisier and some students prefer individual work.
Call
The document discusses Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL). CALL is an interactive method of language instruction that allows learners to achieve their learning goals at their own pace. CALL benefits learners by enriching language skills, connecting them to the outside world, and providing impartial feedback. It also benefits teachers by enabling them to plan lessons, present materials, and account for learner differences. For learners, CALL allows practicing language skills, collaborating with others, and enhancing critical thinking through activities. Resources for implementing CALL include the internet, email, chat rooms, CD-ROMs, and language learning software.
Approaches in English Language Teaching
This document discusses different approaches to teaching English - structural, situational, and communicative. The structural approach focuses on analyzing the fundamental structures of the English language and arranging words in different patterns. The situational approach connects new words to real situations created in the classroom. The communicative approach emphasizes using English for functions like requesting and expressing opinions. It also outlines some principles, merits and demerits of each approach.
Dr. Michael west's new method
Dr. Michael West developed a new method for teaching English to Indian children that focused on developing reading ability through silent reading of controlled vocabulary texts. Some key principles of the method included emphasizing reading comprehension over writing, using "passive" silent reading to build vocabulary before "active" writing, and introducing a minimum of 1,158 words to allow for everyday conversation. However, critics argued that the method overemphasized passive reading, did not teach all four language skills, and could become monotonous by neglecting oral work, grammar, composition and idioms.
Phonetics - An Introduction
The document discusses the key components and concepts of linguistics. It defines linguistics as the scientific study of language and how language works. It explains that language is a system of sounds, words, and patterns used by humans to communicate thoughts and feelings. The main components of linguistics are identified as phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Phonetics is defined as the study of speech sounds, their production, transmission, and reception.
Shakespearean Theatre
This document lists four types of Elizabethan entertainment venues: Inn Yards including the Red Bull, Cross Keys, Bell Savage, and The Red Lion; Open Air Amphitheatres such as The Theatre, The Globe, and The Swan; and Playhouses like The Black Friars, The White Friars, Gray's Inn Theatre, and St. Paul's.
Audio visual aids
This document discusses audio visual aids and their use in education. It outlines objectives like enhancing teaching skills and making learning active. It describes different types of audio, video, and audiovisual aids and their characteristics like relevancy, accuracy, and motivation. The advantages include making learning more effective, grabbing student attention, and providing a realistic experience. Disadvantages include potential technical problems, distraction, expense, time consumption and space needs.
Approaches
This document discusses different approaches to teaching English - structural, situational, and communicative. The structural approach focuses on analyzing the fundamental structures of the English language and arranging words in logical patterns. The situational approach connects new words to real situations created in the classroom. The communicative approach emphasizes using English for functions like requesting and expressing opinions. It also outlines some principles, merits and demerits of each approach.
Activity Based teaching English
This document discusses activity-based English teaching, which involves students acquiring knowledge through specially designed activities rather than passive listening. Traditionally, education involved an expert educator providing information to absorbing students. However, activity-based teaching uses the educator as a facilitator who draws students into active participation and involvement in their own education. The need for this approach is that it encourages creativity, active participation, advancement, self-reliance, the desire to learn, and developing new knowledge. The benefits include students becoming more inquisitive, independent, socially skilled, having an enhanced memory, engagement, ability to handle variability, and increased motivation. Some challenges are inactive students, activities going beyond available materials, team cooperation issues, and challenges with
Poetry
This document defines and discusses various elements of poetry, including its earliest forms, distinguishing features from prose, and poetic devices. It covers meter, rhyme, types of poetry like objective and subjective, and poetic elements such as figures of speech, stanza forms, and verse types. Poetry is defined as a creative interpretation of life through imagination and feeling, intended to give the reader pleasure.
Essay
This document defines the essay and discusses its history and types. It begins by defining the essay as a brief written composition on a subject from the writer's personal point of view. It then traces the origins of the modern essay to Michel de Montaigne in the 16th century and discusses other influential essayists like Sir Francis Bacon, Charles Lamb, and Jonathan Swift. The document outlines several types of essays like aphoristic, personal, character sketch, critical, and periodical essays. It provides examples to illustrate each type and discusses how the essay form developed in the 17th-18th centuries.
Prose biography
This document provides an overview of prose and biography. It defines prose as straightforward non-fiction writing and notes that prose has no prescribed style. It then discusses some common forms of prose like essays, biographies, and autobiographies. The document presents excerpts from Francis Bacon and John Milton discussing studies. It then defines biography and traces the history and development of biography from ancient times to the present, noting influential works and changes in approach over different eras. Finally, it discusses some features and challenges of writing biography.
Drama
This document provides an overview of different forms and genres of drama. It discusses the origins and features of Greek tragedy, including the works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. It also covers Senecan or revenge tragedy, which featured bloody revenge and supernatural elements. The document then discusses various types of comedy including romantic comedy, tragicomedy, and the works of Aristophanes. It provides examples of plays that exemplify different genres such as Shakespeare's tragedies and comedies.
More from Ajantha ParthaSarathi (20)
Recently uploaded
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama UniversityAkanksha trivedi rama nursing college kanpur.
Natural birth techniques are various type such as/ water birth , alexender method, hypnosis, bradley method, lamaze method etcDigital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Recently uploaded (20)
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Air Stream Mechanism
- 1. Air Stream Mechanism Lt. Dr. B. Ajantha Parthasarathi Assistant Professor of English, Sri SRNM College, Sattur.
- 2. Air-stream Mechanism • Airflow in the vocal tract • Expelled – mouth/nostrils • Air from the lungs – pulmonic air http://australianlinguistics.com/airstream-mechanisms/
- 3. Pulmonic Air Stream Mechanism Initiator - lungs • Air out – Pulmonic egressive ASM (languages) • Air in – Pulmonic ingressive ASM (yawning, snoring)
- 4. Glottalic Air Stream Mechanism Initiator – glottis & the air in the pharynx is used • Air out – Glottalic egressive ASM • Air in – Glottalic ingressive ASM
- 5. Velaric Air Stream Mechanism Initiator – back of the tongue • Air out – velaric egressive ASM • Air in – velaric ingressive ASM
- 6. English Consonants • Places of articulation – glottal, bilabial, velar, labiodental, palatal, labial- velar, postalveolar, dental & alveolar • Manners of articulation – affricate, approximant, plosive, nasal, fricative, lateral